MMÜ719 – Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics

Suggested Problems

1- Write out the meanings of the following terms in your own words.
a. System h. Simple Compressible Pure Substance
b. Closed System i. Thermodynamic Equilibrium
c. Open System j. Process
d. Property k. Quasi-equilibrium Process
e. Intensive Property l. Thermodynamic Cycle
f. Extensive Property m. Phase
g. Pure Substance

2- Sketch possible system boundaries for studying each of the following:

a. A bicycle tire inflating
b. A kettle of water boiling
c. A household refrigeration in operation
d. A jet engine in flight
e. A hot steel billet quenched in an oil bath.
f. A residential gas furnace in operation
g. A rocket launching
3- The table below shows the experimental data for pressure versus temperature during the
compression of 1 kg of water vapor in a cylinder. Calculate the following using the
thermodynamics table:
a. Estimate the work done by the vapor during the compression. Explain why this is an “estimate”.
b. Prepare a plot of pressure versus volume on log-log coordinate and fit a straight line to the data.
Determine the slope of the line.

Data Point T[℃] P [MPa]

1 120 0.100
2 140 0.123
3 160 0.150
4 180 0.181
5 200 0.217
6 220 0.259

4- 10 kg of water undergoes a thermodynamics cycle consisting of the following processes:

Process 1→2: Compression with PV1.4=constant, from P1=500 kPa, V1=3 m3 to V2=1m3.
Process 2→3: Constant volume,
Process 3→1: Constant pressure,
a. Sketch the cycle on P-T, P-v, and T-v diagrams.
b. Calculate the net work for the cycle.
c. Calculate the heat transferred to the cycle.

5- 2 kg water are contained in a piston/cylinder with a massless piston loaded with a linear spring
and the outside atmosphere. Initially, the spring force is zero and P1=P0=100 kPa with a volume
of 0.2 m3. If the piston just hits the upper stops, the volume is 0.8 m3 and T=600 ℃. Heat is now
added until the pressure reaches 1.2 MPa.
a. Calculate the final temperature,
b. Show the process on P-V diagram and find the heat transferred during the process.

6- A closed system undergoes a process during which there is heat transfer to the system at a
constant rate of 3 kW and the power developed by the system varies with time according to:
+2.4 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1ℎ
𝑊̇ = {
+2.4𝑡 𝑡 ≥ 1ℎ
Where t is in hours and 𝑊̇ in kW.
a. What is the time rate of change of system energy at t=0.6 h in kW?
b. Determine the change in system energy after 2 h in kJ.
7- State whether the following cycles are reversible, irreversible, or impossible.

8- A reversible refrigerator cycle R and an irreversible refrigerator cycle I operate between the
same two reservoirs (TH, TL) and each remove QL from the cold reservoir. The new work input
required by the irreversible refrigerator cycle I is 70 kJ and the net work input required by the
reversible refrigerator cycle R is 60 kJ. If the temperature of the high temperature reservoir is TH
= 300K, calculate the entropy generation for the irreversible refrigerator cycle I.

9- A cyclic heat engine operating between an energy source at constant temperature T1 = 900 K
and a reservoir at T0 = 300 K produces half as much work as the energy extracted from the source.
a. How much entropy is generated by the engine per unit of energy extracted from the source?
b. If the engine operates between the same source as in part (a) and a reservoir at 150 K, and
generates the same amount of entropy per unit of energy extracted from the source as in
part (a), what is the work output of the engine per unit of energy extracted from the source?
10- Figure below shows a reversible cycle (Carnot engine) operating between two thermal
reservoirs. The Carnot engine is driven by a reversible device that operates in a cycle. From the
data given in the figure determine the amounts and directions of Q1, Q2, and Q5.

11- Answer the following if they are true or false. Explain why.
a. The process that violates the second law of thermodynamics violates the first law of
thermodynamics.
b. When a net amount of work is done by a closed system undergoing an internally reversible
process, a net heat transfer to the system occurs.
c. One corollary of the second law of thermodynamics states that the change in entropy of a
closed system must be greater than zero or equal to zero.
d. A closed system can experience an increase in entropy only when there is energy transfer
by heat to the system during the process.
e. Entropy is generated in every internally reversible process of a closed system.
f. If there is no change in entropy between two states of a closed system, the process is
necessarily adiabatic and internally reversible.
g. The energy of an isolated system must remain constant, but the entropy can only increase.

12- For each of the following processes determine whether the entropy change of a closed system
and entropy generation during the process is positive, negative, zero, or indeterminate.
a. Two kilograms of water vapor undergoing an adiabatic process.
b. One kilogram of nitrogen undergoing an internally reversible process.
c. Three kilograms of Refrigerant 134-a undergoing an adiabatic process during which it is
stirred by a paddle wheel.
d. One kilogram of carbon dioxide undergoing an isothermal process.
e. Two kilograms of oxygen (modeled as ideal gas) undergoing a constant pressure process
to a lower temperature.
f. One kilogram of argon (modeled as ideal gas) undergoing an isothermal process to a higher
pressure.
13- State whether the entropy change of the system in the following processes is positive, negative,
zero, or cannot be determined with the given information.
a. In a reversible process, 5 kJ of work is done by the system and 7 kJ heat is transferred from
the system.
b. In a reversible process, 5 kJ of work is done on the system and heat is transferred to the
system.
c. In an irreversible process, 5 kJ of work is done by the system and 5 kJ heat is transferred
to the system.
d. In an irreversible process, 5 kJ of work is done on the system and 7 kJ heat is transferred
from the system.
e. An isolated system undergoes as irreversible process.