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Class 9 Science Sound Notes

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects and travels through a medium as waves. It requires a medium to propagate, can be characterized by properties such as amplitude and frequency, and follows the laws of reflection. The human ear can detect sounds within a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, with sounds outside this range classified as infrasonic or ultrasonic.

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7 views2 pages

Class 9 Science Sound Notes

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects and travels through a medium as waves. It requires a medium to propagate, can be characterized by properties such as amplitude and frequency, and follows the laws of reflection. The human ear can detect sounds within a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, with sounds outside this range classified as infrasonic or ultrasonic.

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narensh.dbehera
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 9 Science – Chapter 12: Sound

What is Sound?
Sound is a form of energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ears. It is produced by
vibrating objects.

Propagation of Sound
Sound travels through a medium in the form of waves. When an object vibrates, it creates regions
of high pressure called compressions and low pressure called rarefactions. These move through
the medium as a sound wave.

Medium
A medium is the substance through which sound travels. Sound needs a medium to propagate. It
can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, but not through vacuum.

Experiment: Sound Needs a Medium


• An electric bell is placed inside an airtight jar.

• When air is present, the sound of the bell is heard.

• When air is removed, the bell still vibrates but no sound is heard.

• This shows sound needs a medium to travel.

Sound as a Wave
Sound waves are mechanical waves. The particles of the medium do not move forward but only
vibrate about their mean positions, transferring energy.

Amplitude
Amplitude is the maximum displacement of particles from their mean position. Greater amplitude
means louder sound. Its SI unit is metre (m).

Loudness and Softness


Loudness of sound depends on amplitude. Larger amplitude produces louder sound, while smaller
amplitude produces softer sound.

Frequency and Time Period


Frequency is the number of oscillations per second and is measured in Hertz (Hz). Time period is
the time taken for one oscillation. Frequency and time period are related by: f = 1/T.

Speed of Sound
Speed of sound is the distance travelled by a sound wave per unit time. Speed = Wavelength ×
Frequency. Speed depends on the medium.
Reflection of Sound
Sound follows the laws of reflection like light. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

Echo and Reverberation


Echo is the repetition of sound caused by reflection from a distant surface. Reverberation is the
persistence of sound due to multiple reflections.

Range of Hearing
The human ear can hear sounds from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Sounds below 20 Hz are infrasonic and
sounds above 20,000 Hz are ultrasonic.

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