HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING

MODULE IV
Types of Plans
Relationship of the Planning system

Perspective plan

Increasing Level of Detailing

Plans for Projects/Schemes

Regional Plan
Development Plan

Special
Local Area
Purpose
Plan
plan

Annual plan
Perspective plan : Vision and Policy document for a 20 to 30 -year period in form of a
concept plan.
 Regional Plan : Co-ordinates and
consolidate individual plans for urban, rural
and semi-urban areas considering migration,
resources, knowledge, investment
opportunities for a 20 year period.

Region is a large area with multiple urban and rural settlements and other areas which are
either linked through administrative boundary, economic dependencies, geographical
features or through adjacency.
Inter-regional Sector
planning at national
or zonal levels:

Example: Indian
Railways
Development Plan(Statutory plan)

• To prepare a comprehensive Development Plan for

urban areas, peri-urban areas.

• The necessary details and intended actions.

• Provides strategies and physical proposals for

integrating land use and transportation considering
economic and social needs, user perception and
aspiration of the people and available resources.

• Planning period ranges from 20-30 years and

undertaken in phases.
Development Plan(Statutory plan) Proposals of a development plan.
• Definitive.

• Supported by an implementation strategy and

evaluation criteria.

• Allows people to learn about the intention of the

local authority.

• The facilities and the services that are proposed to

be provided in the given time frame.

• Allows the local authority to implement

development of the land area specified under the
plan.
Development Plan

City Master Plan

Development Plan

City Master Plan

Defines Zoning Regulations for

development control
Kyoto Master Plan’s Vision statement
Kyoto Master Plan’s Vision statement
Local Area plan

• Encourages Decentralization and improves the

implementation of the Development Plan .

• It aligns with the true principle of 73rd and 74th

Constitutional Amendment Act.

• It decentralizes the planning decisions and

implementation of plans and brings the process closer
to the people
Urban Redevelopment Local Area Plan prepared for
the Municipal Corporation of Delhi in 2006
Special Purpose Plan

Plans for special development

projects - like transportation,
metro, tourism, heritage
conservation, etc.

It can also be for special

environmental zone development
- example hill areas, river basins,
coastal areas, etc

May also be developed to achieve

National or State govt schemes -
Smart cities, Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan, AMRUT, etc
‘Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation’(UDPFI),1996 by
Institute of Town Planners, India

‘Urban and Regional Development Plan Formulation and Implementation

Guidelines(URDPFI)’ 2014 by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

These guideline could be used as a reference for urban planning and infrastructure development by Planning
Organizations, consultants and state government.

Central Public Health Environmental & Engineering Organization (CPHEEO)

National Building Code (NBC) for building related codes.

Planning Process
General process of planning

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision, Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

Vision Objectives

Specific

Measurable

• Broad in Nature Achievable SMART

• Vision is basically a long term

Reasonable
• Kind of dream or aspiration
Time Bound

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

Demographic Spatial Socio-Economic Infrastructure Environment

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

3)Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

3)Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.

4)Projecting the growth of the urban area (spatial)and status of development (BAU)

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

3)Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.

4)Projecting the growth of the urban area (spatial)and status of development (BAU)

5)Determination of projected gaps and needs for the BAU scenario.

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

3)Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.

4)Projecting the growth of the urban area (spatial)and status of development (BAU)

5)Determination of projected gaps and needs for the BAU scenario.

Analysis based on

6)Scenario Analysis Business as usual

scenario
&
Alternate scenario

Source: URDPFI, 2014

 Overview of planning process

1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

3)Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.

4)Projecting the growth of the urban area (spatial)and status of development (BAU)
• Realistic

5)Determination of projected gaps and needs for the BAU scenario. • Sustainable

• Financially viable
6)Scenario Analysis
• Inclusive

• Should meet statutory

7)Plan formulation obligations.

Source: URDPFI, 2014

Source: URDPFI, 2014
 Overview of planning process
1 ) Vision,Aims &Objectives (stakeholder participation)

2)Determining the status of current development

3)Identification of gaps and needs as per planning guidelines and statutes.

4)Projecting the growth of the urban area (spatial)and status of development (BAU)

5)Determination of projected gaps and needs for the BAU scenario.

6)Scenario Analysis

7)Plan formulation

8)Review and revision of plans

9)Plan modification. Source: URDPFI, 2014

Source: URDPFI, 2014
• Scope and Pupose of the plan

• Time frame

• Spatial area

Source: URDPFI, 2014

‘Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation’(UDPFI),1996 by
Institute of Town Planners, India

‘Urbanand
‘Urban andRegional
RegionalDevelopment
DevelopmentPlan
PlanFormulation
Formulationand
andImplementation
Implementation
Guidelines(URDPFI)’2014
Guidelines(URDPFI)’ 2014by
byMinistry
Ministryof
ofHousing
Housingand
andUrban
UrbanAffairs.
Affairs.

These guideline could be used as a reference for urban planning and infrastructure development by Planning
Organizations, consultants and state government.
Master Plan
A master plan provides a long-term (15-30 year) vision for an
entire city or region, covering land use allocation, infrastructure
networks, population projections, and zoning policies. It acts as a
statutory guide for regional growth but remains conceptual,
focusing on integration of housing, transport, and environment.

Structure Plan
Structure plans offer a mid-level framework for precincts or
sub-areas, detailing land use patterns, densities, infrastructure
corridors, and open spaces to implement the master plan. They
include illustrative layouts and recommendations for facilities
but stop short of construction specifics.

Detailed Development Plan

Detailed development plans (DDPs) are site-specific and
construction-focused, specifying engineering elements like
grading, utilities, drainage, building footprints, and landscaping
after preliminary approvals.
Masterplan
Masterplan
Development plan/ masterplan/town plan may be defined as
a PLAN for the Future Layout of the city showing both
existing and proposed developments

Blueprint of various proposals that are intended to improve the

existing condition in a coordinated manner
 Masterplan

❖ Intelligent and economic spending of public funds

❖ Restricts the haphazard and unplanned growth
❖ Places the functions in such a way so as to avoid chances of
mutual conflict
❖ Serves as a guide to planning body for making any
recommendations for public improvements
 Masterplan
Need for a Masterplan

❖ Control the development of industries

❖ Discourage the growth of town in unscientic way
❖ Give a perspective picture of future development of
town
❖ Limit to a certain extent the flow of unprecedented
flow of population to urban areas
❖ Offset the evils due to overcrowding, traffic
congestion, insufficient public amenities etc.
Masterplan
Stages in the preparation of Masterplan

Agency/Public
Data collection Resource analysis
scooping

Development of land
Finalize the Agency/Public Classifications,
Masterplan review Sectoral proposals and
resource objectives

Adoption of Plan
Masterplan revision/modification
Structure plan
Structure plan
A strategic
document that
outlines the
framework for the
development and
organization of
land use in a
particular area,
typically at a
regional or district
level

It serves as a guide
for how land
should be
developed or
redeveloped over
time
Structure plans typically include:

1. Land Use Designations: Identifying different zones for residential,

commercial, industrial, recreational, and other purposes.
2. Infrastructure Planning: Ensuring that infrastructure like roads,
utilities, and public transportation can support the proposed
development.
3. Public Facilities: Planning for schools, parks, healthcare, and other
essential services.
4. Environmental Considerations: Addressing environmental
sustainability, preserving natural resources, and mitigating potential
impacts on ecosystems.
5. Development Phasing: Mapping out the expected timeline for
various stages of development.
Structure plan
DDP
A Detailed Development Plan, often
called a final development plan,
builds on preliminary plans to offer
construction-ready specifics for
infrastructure like roads, grading,
utilities, landscaping, lighting, and
stormwater systems. It includes
precise site layouts showing
building footprints, parking,
easements, and drainage to comply
with zoning and environmental
rules before permits are issued.
These plans undergo local agency
review for revisions, ensuring
sustainable site preparation
Aspect Master Plan Structure Plan Detailed Development
Plan

Scale City/region Precinct/suburban area Individual site

Time Horizon 15-30 years Medium-term Short-term

(pre-construction)

Detail Level Conceptual, Strategic layouts, zoning Engineering blueprints

policy-driven

Purpose Overall growth vision Implementation framework Permit-ready

construction
 Planned Unit Development
A PUD is a zoning type allowing
mixed residential, commercial, and
recreational uses on a single site,
unlike rigid single-use zoning, to
foster open spaces, density
clustering, and amenities like parks.
Designed grouping of varied and
compatible land uses such as
housing, recreation, commercial
centers, and industrial parks, all
within one contained development
or subdivision
Module 4
Types of plans and planning process. Master Plan,
Structure Plan, DDP, planned unit development.
Urban renewal, redevelopment, rehabilitation, and
conservation. Urban Development projects—case studies.
URBAN OBSOLESCENCE
Rate of physical deterioration in cities which render housing,
commercial buildings, industries, other structures, districts and
parts of city obsolete or a stage when they have outlived their
average life or have passed beyond their intended use.
Despite regular maintenance and renovation, buildings and the built
environment experience a process of aging and deformation in time.
However, there are multiple factors behind structures’ current
condition. Therefore, it is vital to elaborate on the reasons behind a
structure’s current state, whether it suffers from obsolescence or
not. Obsolescence is a multidimensional and dynamic process rather
than an end-state.
“It’s depressing. How can you expect someone to have a positive
outlook on life, when all they see is destruction?”

“A NEIGHBORHOOD ABANDONED” – BALTIMORE SUN 2006

The crumbling mansions of India’s ‘City of Joy’, Kolkata
URBAN DECAY
It is the process whereby a
previously functioning city, or
part of a city, falls into disrepair
and dilapidation. It is the critical
stage of such decay.
Decline in health and strength
Gradual decrease in size and
quantity.
Worsening conditions of
inner-city neighborhoods, or
sometimes simply for slums.
Structural Blight
Economic Blight
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
Urban redevelopment means demolition and reconstruction or
substantial renovation of existing buildings or infrastructure
within urban infill areas or existing urban service areas.
Redevelopment Area means the community redevelopment area
described, defined or otherwise identified or referred to in the
Redevelopment Plan.
 Creating new urban structure
in poor quality neighborhoods
URBAN REGENERATION with comprehensive urban
interventions for physical,
economic, social and
environmental improvements.
Nizamuddin Basti Renewal Project
– Sustainable Development of A
700-Year-Old Culture Hub
 Creating new urban structure
To revive the older parts of the cities by providing new functions to

URBAN REVITALISATION
in poor quality neighborhoods
old buildings with small interventions
with comprehensive urban
interventions for physical,
economic, social and
environmental improvements.

The East Baltimore Revitalization Initiative

 Creating
To demolish the new
existing urban urban
structure and structure
creating a new in
one.
poor quality neighborhoods
It might involve the clearing out of blighted areas in inner cities

URBAN RECONSTRUCTION for reconstruction and redevelopment.

with comprehensive urban
interventions for physical,
economic, social and
environmental improvements.

Upcoming mega-developments that will transform Chicago

 DemolishingCreating
the existingnew
urban urban structure
structure in
and creating
poor quality neighborhoods
completely new urban characteristics.

URBAN CLEARANCE It majorly constitutes the improvements in slum

with comprehensive urban
neighborhoods
interventions for physical,
economic, social and
environmental improvements.

Georges-Eugène Haussmann is recognised

internationally for transforming the French capital
URBAN RENEWAL
Intended to improve "blighted"
neighborhoods and provide better
housing conditions, urban renewal
often involved physical
redevelopment of a declining urban
area. This leads to displacement and
the destruction of urban
communities.
Slum clearance
Public housing
Highway programs
 It is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high
Creating new urban structure
density urban land use.

URBAN RENEWAL
in poor quality neighborhoods
It involves recreating the urban fabric based on morphological and
with comprehensive urban
functional improvements after demolishing the existing buildings.
interventions for physical,
economic, social and
environmental improvements.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

(JNNURM)
 It is the process of reusing an old site or building for a purpose other than which
Creating new urban structure
it was built or designed for, such as an industrial mill into housing.

ADAPTIVE REUSE
in poor quality neighborhoods
It also helps in land conservation and the reduction of urban sprawl. It can be
with comprehensive urban
regarded as a compromise between historic preservation and demolition.
interventions for physical,
economic, social and
environmental improvements.

The High Line effect:

Placemaking as an economic development engine
The
Downtown
Project,
Las Vegas,
Nevada
The
Downtown
Project,
Las Vegas,
Nevada
URBAN REHABILITATION
Area devoted to regenerating and conserving the built
heritage or the urban environment, including the
ecosystems.
In addition to the refurbishment of historical buildings and
townscapes, such activities also comprise the
modernisation and upgrading of technical facilities and
the respect of environmental and security norms and
standards.
Requalification and revitalization of cities, in particular its
most degraded areas, and the qualification of the housing
stock, seeking a globally more harmonious and sustainable
functioning of cities and the guarantee, for all, of decent
housing
Kakod fort
Adaptive Reuse of Tonk Fort as
Heritage Hotel Tonk, Rajasthan
Former decommissioned bus station into a community space comprising a cafe, square, and multifunctional facility

Bus Stop
Education
Communit
y Center,
Wieleń,
Poland
Abandoned sports facility → urban park

Parc de la
Estació del
Nord,
Barcelona,
Spain
URBAN CONSERVATION
The urban conservation strategies objectives include encouraging continued
occupation and maintenance of buildings of architectural or historic
significance and providing for new development compatible with them.
Urban conservation is concerned with those parts of the built environment
that are of architectural or historic significance. This includes buildings
(individually or in groups), localities (streets, blocks, environments or
precincts), special gardens or landscapes, and other structures. Conservation
does not mean preservation of buildings, localities or other features for all
time. Only a few buildings are so highly significant that they should be
retained in a wholly original form. Many more buildings of character can be
retained if they are adapted to allow continued economic occupation. This
may mean a changed form of their original use or an entirely new use and
this is emphasised in the Board’s strategy. Lack of maintenance is a major
reason for the loss of many worthwhile older buildings. Their continued
occupation ensures that they are maintained in a reasonable condition, The
Metropolitan Planning Scheme already allows some flexibility in the use of
buildings of architectural or historic importance,
 Preservation

Van Vihar National Park, Bhopal

 Restoration

Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur

 Reconstruction

Notre-Dame
reconstruction
Five-and-a-half years after the devastating fire, Paris's Gothic jewel has been rescued, renovated and
refurbished - and it will offer visitors a breathtaking visual treat.