ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

1
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
WRITING 3

Group members:
Pham Le Quynh Chi – 2452010010
Nguyen Tu Quang Dung - 2452
Pham Lan Chi – 2452010009
Dang Thi Huong - 2452
Class: English Language
Lecturer: Mrs. Tran Thi Van Thuy

Contents
2
PARAGRAPH..........................................................................................................2
Topic: Job/Career........................................................................................................................2
OPINION..................................................................................................................8
Topic: Environment......................................................................................................................8
CAUSE AND SOLUTION....................................................................................17
Topic: Traveling.........................................................................................................................17
DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................25
Topic: Family.............................................................................................................................25
DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................33
Topic: Media & Advertising......................................................................................................33
PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS..............................................................................41
Topic: Education........................................................................................................................41
TWO-PART QUESTION ESSAYS.....................................................................49
Topic: Health.............................................................................................................................49
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.............................................................55
Topic: Technology......................................................................................................................55

PARAGRAPH
Topic: Job/Career

1. Essay questions:

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Question 1: In some countries people spend long hours at work. Why does this happen?
and is it positive or negative development?
Question 2: Having a good university degree guarantees people a good job? To what
extent do you agree?
Question 3: The number of people working online from home has grown in some
countries. What advantages and disadvantages can come of this trend?
Question 4: Paying all workers the same salary in a company promotes harmony and
respect amongst colleagues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Link articles:
1. [Link]
more-hours-since-covid-research
2. [Link]
long-hours-hurts-your-work-performance/
3. [Link]
[Link]

3. Vocabulary and ideas

Long working hours - Cause and Effects

Vocabulary Reasons for spending long Effects of extended

hours at work working hours

- Remote working/ work [Link] rapid growth of 1. Advantages:

from home digital tools  enjoy the flexibility
- Increased workload/  employees: can work of working from
extended working hours/ anytime, anywhere home. Time-saving
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long workweeks on online platforms, commute, more
- Career advancement/  notifications and control over schedule
promotion messages keep  Career Development:
productivity/performance/ workers always “on” Dedicated workers
efficiency/ job satisfaction  remote working may get promotions
- Working through tendency: struggling faster
sickness/ to separate work
burnout/exhaustion from personal life
2. Disadvantages:
- Work-life balance
 Easily get burnout,
- Always-on culture /
2. Organizational pressure/ stress. poor sleep
grind culture
expectations from quality -> reduce
- economic insecurity/
employers energy and work
fear of job loss -> workers
productivity
feel pressured to perform
- poor sleep quality/ poor
 recruiters: demand a
decision-making
large workload from  loss of social
workers, expect them interaction, no
to be available all the boundaries between
time personal/work life
 managers reward
those who take shift
works  Family relationships
 employees fear being affected.
seen as unproductive
if they are off work
on time.
 overwork rewarded -
> unhealthy

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 competition.

4 Steps for writing

- Topic Sentence: introduce the main idea
- Supporting ideas: explanation and examples
- Conclusion: summarize the idea

5. Member’s Writing
Quynh Chi:
Question: In some countries people spend long hours at work. Why does this happen?
And is it positive or negative development?

In some parts of the world, many workers tend to extend their working hours due to the
following reasons, which may bring both advantages and disadvantages. On the one
hand, with the advancement of cutting-edge digital tools, employees can work any time
and anywhere on online platforms such as Zoom, Teams, Whatsapp. Especially for those
who enjoy the flexibility of working from home. This benefits them quite a lot since they
do not waste much time commuting and they will have more control over the working
schedule. In addition, most managers guarantee to reward those who take shift work.
One explicit explanation for this is that supervisors tend to regard shift workers as
flexible and dependable, making them more likely to receive bonuses or get career
advancement. On the other hand, the popularity of remote working is undeniable in this
contemporary society, but it has some downsides. A clear illustration of this problem is
that many remote workers still struggle with work-life balance. According to a
Wildgoose survey, 44% of UK employees said they were expected to do more work
during remote working. Consequently, spending long hours working may result in an

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imbalance between personal and work life and loss of social interaction. Moreover,
recruiters tend to demand a large workload from workers, and expect them to be available
all the time. This means that corporations want to maximize productivity, and compete
globally with others; thus, they usually assign many responsibilities to workers, push
them to meet tight deadlines, and maintain high standards. For this reason, lots of
laborers easily get burnout, stress and even suffer severe sleep deprivation, negatively
affecting their work productivity. In conclusion, much as prolonging working periods can
offer certain advantages such as flexibility and better career prospects, its drawbacks are
far more concerning. The constant pressure to stay connected and meet high expectations
can lead to exhaustion, stress, and a poor work-life balance. Therefore, both employees
and employers should aim for a healthier approach to work that ensures productivity
without sacrificing well-being.

Lan Chi:
Question: Having a good university degree guarantees people a good job? To what
extent do you agree?

It is often believed that obtaining a university degree automatically ensures

people a stable and well-paid job. However, I only partly agree with this statement, as
education alone cannot guarantee success in today’s rapidly changing labour market.
Firstly, while graduates may have better access to professional employment, many still
face economic insecurity and a constant fear of job loss, especially as automation and
artificial intelligence reshape many industries. For instance, a 2024 LinkedIn report
revealed that over half of employers now value practical skills and adaptability over
formal qualifications when deciding on career advancement. Secondly, even degree
holders who manage to secure good jobs often experience extended working hours and
the always-on culture of modern workplaces, which can easily lead to burnout, poor sleep
quality, and reduced job satisfaction. In conclusion, it is clear that while higher education

7
can be an advantage, long-term career success increasingly depends on continuous skill
development and maintaining a healthy work-life balance.

Dũng:
Question: The number of people working online from home has grown in some countries.
What advantages and disadvantages can come of this trend?

The rise in the number of people working online from home has brought both benefits
and drawbacks. On the positive side, remote work allows employees to enjoy greater
flexibility, as they can manage their own schedules and save time and money on
commuting. This often leads to better work-life balance and higher job satisfaction.
Moreover, companies can cut costs on office space and utilities. However, working from
home also has disadvantages. Many people struggle with isolation and a lack of social
interaction, which can affect their mental health. In addition, it may be difficult for some
to stay disciplined and maintain productivity in a home environment full of distractions.
Overall, while online work offers convenience and efficiency, it also requires strong self-
management and social connection to be truly effective.

6. Useful languages
Explanation:
 This is because…
 This could be due to/ because of….
 An/ one explanation for this is that…

Example:
 For example,...
 For instance,...
 An obvious/ excellent example of this is that….

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  A clear illustration of this is that…
 This can be seen in…

Result/ Consequence:
 As a result,...
 Consequently,...
 Therefore,....
 This leads to,...
 As a consequence,...
 Doing this can lead to….

Conclusion:
 In short,...
 Overall,...
 This explains why,...
 To conclude,..

OPINION
Topic: Environment

1. Essay questions
Question 1: The air we breathe has a major impact on our health and the environment.
However, the air pollution is constantly growing and at current levels it can be fought
only globally. That is to say, individual efforts to improve air quality will not give any
results, and it's solely the responsibility of our governments to reduce air pollution. Do
you agree or disagree?

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Question 2: To solve the ever-increasing environmental hazards throughout the world, the
best way is to increase the price of fuel. What is your opinion on the above assumption?
Question 3: Some people think that the best way to solve global environmental problems
is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Question 4: People think that the government should increase the cost of fuel for cars
and other vehicles to solve environmental problems. Give your opinion.

2. Link articles
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
air-pollution

3. Vocabulary and ideas

Opinion about climate change

Vocabulary Arguments for( Agree/ Arguments

Supporting opinion) against( Disagree/
Opposing opinion)

 oxidative stress  Investing in renewable  Renewable energy

 global energy sources like solar can be expensive to
temperatures and wind power can install and maintain
rise significantly reduce in developing
 wildfires / carbon emissions. countrie
wildfire smoke  Reducing one’s carbon  Individual actions
 pollutants / fine footprint helps slow have limited impact
particulate global warming and compared to

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 matter encourages sustainable industrial pollution.
 environmental living.  Over-regulation may
hazards  Strict government slow economic
 climate-related policies can control growth and limit
impacts emissions and promote industrial
 adapt to sustainable productivity.
environmental development.  Fossil fuels are still
changes  Phasing out fossil fuels the cheapest and most
 extreme is essential to prevent reliable energy source
weather / further environmental for many nations.
extreme heat / damage.  Adaptation may be
heavy  Investing in climate more practical than
precipitation mitigation technologies mitigation for
 drought / will protect future developing countries
prolonged generations.  International
drought  Climate change requires agreements often fail
 climate impacts joint global action since due to lack of
/ climate- no single nation can enforcement and
related risks solve it alone. political will

4. Steps for writing

A ) Introduction

 Paraphrase the question

 Give your opinion
 State two supporting reasons

B ) Main body paragraph 1

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  Topic sentence – outline 1st reason for supporting this view
 Explanation – explain this idea
 Example – give an example or expand the idea

C ) Main body paragraph 2

 Topic sentence – outline 2nd reason for supporting this view

 Explanation – explain this idea
 Example – give an example or expand the idea

D ) Conclusion

 Summarise opinion and key reasons

5. Useful languages
Introduction
It is often argued that...
There is a common belief that...
Many people believe that...
Some people claim that...
In my opinion, ...
I strongly believe that...
I completely agree/disagree that...
Personally, I think that...
From my perspective, …
This essay will discuss both sides of the argument and present my own view.
Body paragraph
 Giving reasons
One of the main reasons why I believe this is that...
Another point worth mentioning is that...
A further reason could be that...

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This is mainly because...
This is due to the fact that...
This means that...
 Giving example
For example, ...
For instance, ...
Such as...
A good example of this is…
This can be illustrated by...
 Opinion
It is clear that...
There is no doubt that...
It cannot be denied that...
Obviously, …
Undoubtedly,…
 Contrast
On the other hand,..
However,…
Nevertheless,…
Although it is true that..., I believe that...
While some people may argue that..., I think that...
 Conclusion
In conclusion…
To sum up,…
To conclude,…
In summary,…
In short,…
I firmly believe that

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6. Writing essay
Hương
Question: Some people think that the best way to solve global environmental
problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change have become
serious concerns all over the world. Some people argue that increasing the cost of
fuel is the most effective way to solve these problems. While I agree that this
measure can help reduce fuel consumption, I believe it is not the best or only
solution.

Raising the price of fuel can indeed discourage people from using private
vehicles, which are a major source of air pollution. When fuel becomes more
expensive, many people will prefer using public transport or bicycles instead of
cars and motorbikes. As a result, traffic emissions may decrease, leading to cleaner
air and better public health. Moreover, higher fuel prices may encourage
governments and companies to invest more in renewable energy sources such as
solar and wind power.

However, I believe that increasing fuel prices alone cannot effectively solve
global environmental problems. First, this policy may have negative effects on the
economy and people’s daily lives, especially those with low incomes who rely on
vehicles for work. Second, many other factors cause environmental damage, such
as industrial waste, deforestation, and plastic pollution. Therefore, governments
should also introduce strict environmental laws, promote recycling, and invest in
green technologies to protect the planet more effectively.

In conclusion, although increasing the cost of fuel can help reduce pollution
to some extent, it is not a complete solution. Governments should combine this
approach with other environmental protection measures to deal with the problem
more successfully.
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Lan Chi:
Question: Rich countries should take greater responsibility for tackling climate change
than poor countries. Do you agree or disagree?

Many people believe that rich countries should take more responsibility for
dealing with climate change than poor countries. I completely agree with this statement,
because developed nations are major contributors of environmental damage and they
have great resources to mitigate its effects.

The main reason why developed countries should take the lead is that they are
responsible for most of the pollution that has led to global warming. Their factories and
transportations have released huge amounts of pollutants into the air, which has made
global temperatures rise and increased climate-related impacts such as extreme heat and
wildfires while poorer countries have to suffer more from these environmental hazards
even though they only contributed little to the problem. For example, in parts of Africa,
prolonged droughts have destroyed crops and caused hunger because of changing
weather patterns linked to emissions from rich nations.

Another reason is that wealthy countries have more resources and advanced
technology to deal with the crisis. They can invest in renewable energy, better waste
management, and projects that help developing countries adapt to environmental changes.
For instance, Japan and Germany have supported international programmes that reduce
fine particulate matter in large cities and improve air quality.

In conclusion, I believe that developed countries must take greater responsibility

for fighting climate change. They caused more of the problem and have better conditions

15
to lead the solutions. With such assistance, we can reduce climate-related risks and
protect the planet for future generations.

Quynh Chi:
Question: People think that the government should increase the cost of fuel for cars and
other vehicles to solve environmental problems. Give your opinion.

Many people believe that the price of fuel for cars and other private transportations
should be raised with the aim of addressing environmental problems. Personally, I agree
with the statement.

One of the main reasons why I believe this is that increasing fuel costs could help
lower carbon emissions, discouraging people to use less personal vehicles and turn to
public transportation instead. Thus, pollutants and air pollution in urban areas are
significant decreased and improve the citizen’s quality of life. For example, countries like
Sweden that impose high fuel taxes have seen lower car use and higher investment in
green public transport systems, which effectively reduces their climate-related risks

Another reason is that higher fuel prices can motivate both individuals and
industries to shift to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. This
transformation helps limit fossil fuels, which are responsible for environmental damage
caused by greenhouse gas emissions. By implementing stricter fuel pricing policies,
governments can mitigate climate matters and protect future generations from severe
climate-related impacts such as wildfires and prolonged droughts.

In conclusion, I believe that it is crucial for governments to take strong action to

reduce emissions and combat climate change. This policy would not only decrease

16
reliance on fossil fuels but also encourage investment in renewable energy and cleaner
transport alternatives.

Dũng:
Question : To solve the ever-increasing environmental hazards throughout the world, the
best way is to increase the price of fuel. What is your opinion on the above assumption?

Nowadays, environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems in the
world. Some people believe that raising the price of fuel is the most effective way to
solve this issue. Personally, I disagree with this idea because I think there are better and
fairer solutions, such as developing renewable energy and improving public
transportation.

One reason why increasing fuel prices is not the best solution is that it would create
financial difficulties for many people. If the cost of fuel rises sharply, people who depend
on vehicles for their daily jobs would have to spend more money on transportation. This
is especially difficult for low-income workers who cannot afford electric cars or live far
from public transport. For example, in developing countries, millions of people rely on
motorbikes to travel to work, and higher fuel prices would make their lives much harder.

Another reason is that there are more effective ways to protect the environment.
Governments could invest in clean energy sources such as solar or wind power, which
can reduce pollution without increasing people’s living costs. They could also improve
public transport systems so that more people choose buses or trains instead of private
cars. For instance, cities like Singapore have successfully reduced air pollution by
providing convenient and affordable public transport for everyone.

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In conclusion, although raising fuel prices can help reduce pollution to some extent, it
should not be considered the best solution. In my view, governments should focus more
on promoting renewable energy, improving public transport systems, and encouraging
people to live in a more eco-friendly way to achieve sustainable environmental
protection.

CAUSE AND SOLUTION

Topic: Traveling
1. Essay Question:
Question 1. Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their
country. What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes?
Question 2 Many countries rely heavily on tourism for their economic growth. What
factors cause the industry in these regions to often become unsustainable? What measures
can be taken to ensure a more sustainable tourism industry?
Question 3 Poor management in the tourism sector often results in overcrowding and
low-quality services. What are the causes of this issue, and what solutions can be
introduced to improve it?
Question 4 Some people believe tourism causes the loss of traditional culture and
customs in many countries. What are the reasons for this, and how can traditional culture
be preserved?

2. Link articles:
1. [Link]
[Link]://[Link]/travel/article/what-is-overtourism
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
[Link]://[Link]/en/printer/3621?type=1
6. [Link]
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3. Vocabulary and Ideas

Vocabulary Lack of planning and Short-term economic gains

regulation

tourist arrivals - lack effective management - officials and tourism operator

influx of tourists strategies -> more tourist prioritize profit over
tourist growth/ arrivals than the area can sustainability
rapid expansion of handle - no investment in maintaining
tourism - uncontrolled tourism facilities or preserving the
popular growth: no visitor limits, environment
destinations/ weak infrastructure, poor -> rapid wear and tear of public
hotspots monitoring spaces and poor visitor
sustainable -> overcrowding, congestion, experience
tourism deteriorating service quality
tourism
- Solution:
management
- Solution:  develop comprehensive
strategies
 introduce sustainable tourism management
visitor regulation
tourism policies: plans
weak governance/
visitor caps, entry fees  Invest in rural tourism,
poor destination
to limit overcrowding cultural villages, or eco-
management/
 improve infrastructure tourism projects to
changing
and resource spread economic
consumer
management: invest in benefits: reduce
priorities
waste treatment overcrowding and
wear and tear
systems, water supply, improve service quality
(idiom: the
public transport: in main destinations.

19
damage that handle high visitor’s
happens to an object demand
in ordinary use

4. Steps for writing

A. Introduction
- Paraphrase the question
- State one key cause and related solution
B. Body 1: Cause
- Topic sentence: State the cause
- Explanation: give detail explaining the cause
- Example
C. Body 2: Solution
- Topic sentence: state the solution
- Explanation
- Example
D. Conclusion: Summarize the key points

5. Member’s writing
Quynh chi:
Question: Poor management in the tourism sector often results in overcrowding and low-
quality services. What are the causes of this issue, and what solutions can be introduced
to improve it?

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 A matter of great concern is the weak governance of the tourism area leads to
overcrowding and a decline in service quality. The focus of this essay is to shed light on
the main causes of this issue and suggest practical solutions to address it.

The most concerning problems resulted from the lack of effective tourism
management strategies. Many destinations experience an influx of tourists that exceeds
their carrying capacity because of uncontrolled tourism growth. A clear illustration of this
is that many popular destinations like Venice or Bali are filled with a massive number of
tourists, causing overcrowding and poor service quality. Furthermore, weak governance
and poor destination management worsen the problem, as officials and tourism operators
tend to prioritize short-term profit over sustainability. Consequently, little investment is
made in maintaining facilities or protecting the environment, increasing the wear and tear
of public spaces and reducing the overall visitor experience.

Effective countermeasures could be to introduce sustainable tourism policies that

ensure balanced growth. Implementing visitor regulation measures such as entry fees,
booking systems, which can help control tourist numbers in hotspots. Additionally,
authorities should develop comprehensive tourism management plans and invest in rural
tourism, cultural villages, or eco-tourism projects to promote the image of local tourism.
These strategies can help reduce overcrowding in major cities, and improve service
quality nationwide.

In conclusion, the root cause of overcrowding and declining service standards lies
in weak governance and the absence of sustainable management strategies. By enforcing
visitor regulation and adopting long-term planning, governments can transform the
tourism sector into one that benefits both local communities and visitors while
developing and preserving destinations for future generations.

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Lan Chi:
Question: Some people believe tourism causes the loss of traditional culture and customs
in many countries. What are the reasons for this, and how can traditional culture be
preserved?

In recent years, the rapid expansion of tourism has raised concerns that local
traditions and customs are being lost in many countries. This issue mainly results from
the influx of tourists and poor destination management, but it can be addressed through
sustainable tourism practices and stronger government control.

One major cause of cultural loss is the massive number of tourists visiting popular
destinations. When there is a constant flow of visitors, local people often adapt their
customs to satisfy foreign expectations, leading to a gradual loss of authenticity. Another
reason is weak governance and poor tourism management, which allow traditional areas
to be over-commercialised. For instance, in Bali, traditional ceremonies have sometimes
been shortened or simplified to suit tourist schedules, showing how uncontrolled tourist
growth can damage local identity and traditions.

To protect traditional culture, governments should promote sustainable tourism

and implement strict visitor regulation policies. This means limiting the number of tourist
arrivals in sensitive cultural sites and encouraging community-based tourism that directly
benefits local residents. In addition, authorities must improve tourism management
strategies by supporting cultural education programs and providing funding to preserve
historical buildings suffering from wear and tear. For example, Japan has successfully
protected its ancient temples by restricting visitor numbers and investing in regular
maintenance.

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 In conclusion, the loss of traditional culture due to mass tourism mainly stems
from excessive tourist numbers and weak management. However, through sustainable
practices and effective regulations, countries can ensure that tourism continues to grow
without erasing their cultural heritage.

Huong
Question: Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country.
What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes?
Nowadays, international tourism plays an important role in many countries.
However, some people think that it has negative effects on their country. This essay will
explain the main reasons for this opinion and suggest some solutions to improve people’s
attitudes

There are several reasons why people believe international tourism is bad. Firstly,
tourists can cause pollution and damage to the environment. For example, they may
throw rubbish in public places or harm natural areas like beaches and forests. Secondly,
local culture can be affected when traditional customs are changed to attract tourists.
Many people also think that only big travel companies or hotels get most of the money,
while local people earn very little from tourism

To change these negative attitudes, governments and local authorities should

promote responsible tourism. They can educate tourists about protecting the environment
and respecting local culture. At the same time, local people should be more involved in
tourism activities so that they can share in the benefits. Finally, media campaigns can
show how international tourism helps the economy and increases cultural understanding
between countries

23
 In conclusion, the main reasons for people’s negative views are environmental
problems, cultural loss, and unfair income. By making tourism more sustainable and
involving local people, these attitudes can gradually become more positive

Dũng;
Question: Many countries rely heavily on tourism for their economic growth. What
factors cause the industry in these regions to often become unsustainable? What
measures can be taken to ensure a more sustainable tourism industry?

In many countries, tourism plays an important role in boosting the economy and
creating job opportunities. However, in some regions, the industry has become
unsustainable because of poor management and excessive exploitation of natural
resources. One major cause of this problem is the rapid growth of mass tourism, and a
suitable solution is to promote eco-friendly tourism practices.

The main cause of unsustainable tourism is the uncontrolled development of mass

tourism. When too many tourists visit the same place, it puts great pressure on local
infrastructure and the natural environment. Overcrowding often leads to waste problems,
pollution, and damage to natural attractions. For example, some beaches in Thailand have
been temporarily closed due to coral destruction and water contamination caused by large
numbers of visitors. Without effective planning and regulations, tourism may destroy the
very destinations that attract people in the first place.

To deal with this problem, governments should take action to promote sustainable
and environmentally friendly tourism. They can limit the number of tourists allowed to
visit sensitive areas and encourage the use of green transportation and eco-friendly hotels.
For instance, Costa Rica has successfully developed eco-tourism by protecting national
parks and involving local communities in conservation efforts. This not only helps

24
preserve the environment but also brings long-term economic benefits for both residents
and visitors.

In conclusion, the tourism industry often becomes unsustainable because of mass

tourism and the lack of proper management. To make tourism more sustainable,
governments should focus on controlling tourist numbers and encouraging eco-friendly
practices that protect nature while still supporting economic growth.

6. Useful languages
A. Cause paragraph

1. One of the main causes of this issue is …

2. A significant factor contributing to this problem is …
3. This situation mainly stems from …
4. The root cause of … lies in …

- Explaining causes

1. This happens because …

2. This is due to the fact that …
3. This can be attributed to …
4. This results from …
5. This arises from…

- Result/Consequences:

1. As a result, …
2. Consequently, …
3. This leads to …
4. This contributes to …

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B. Solution paragraph

1. Possible solution to the problem is….

2. Effective countermeasures could be…
3. To tackle this problem, several measures can be taken

DISCUSSION
Topic: Family

1. Essay questions:
Question 1: In many parts of the world, people do research on their family history. Some
people believe that finding out about previous generations is a useful thing to do.
However, others believe that it is better to focus on present and future generations.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 2: Some people think the generation gap between parents and children causes
more conflicts than understanding, while others believe it helps families adapt to modern
life.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 3: Some people believe parents should be strict to teach children discipline,
while others think they should be more lenient to let children express themselves freely.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Question 4: Some people argue that parents today spend too much time working and not
enough time with their families, while others think working hard is necessary to provide a
better life for their children.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

26
 2. Link articles:
[Link]
live-in-a-traditional-family/?
gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=22378837192&gbraid=0AAAAA-
ddO9G6OI3_Ig142LjHdk6Gf6AZP&gclid=Cj0KCQjw35bIBhDqARIsAGjd-
cZLQcnJkEevapbXWnu9rywq5jY5Fj_g3cDsC3grzFeDUtTZEW3BEfsaAq9_EALw_wc
B
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
only-preserve-of-moral-values

3. Vocabulary and ideas

Learning from Past and Future generations

Ideas Useful vocab Explanation/ Example

1. Learning from learn from elders / Older generations have rich life
previous generations pass down experiences that can guide younger
is valuable wisdom / people. For example, grandparents often
traditional values / teach patience, respect, and hard work.
life experience / Preserving stories and customs helps
cultural heritage / maintain identity and connection.
preserve family Family rituals like celebrating Lunar New
history Year or family dinners create unity and
help children understand their roots and
2. Family traditions preserve family
27
strengthen identity traditions / sense of values.
belonging / shared
heritage / moral
The world is evolving fast, so younger
guidance / cultural
generations should focus on education,
continuity
technology, and building new ways of
3. Modern people
living that suit today’s needs.
should focus on the
adapt to modern
present and future
life / embrace Some old traditions may not fit modern
innovation / life. For instance, strict gender roles or
forward-thinking old-fashioned parenting styles can prevent
mindset / modern equality and creativity.
perspective /
changing values
A balanced approach is ideal - we can
respect family history while adapting to
4. Too much focus
outdated beliefs / modern values, learning what’s useful and
on the past may limit
conservative letting go of what’s not.
progress
mindset / resistance
to change /
generational
conflict
5. Balance between
past and future combine tradition
and modernity /
respect the past
while embracing
the future /
intergenerational

28
 understanding

4. Steps for writing

A. Introduction
 Paraphrase the question
 State Both Points of View
 Thesis Statement

B. Body paragraph 1
 State first viewpoint
 Discuss first viewpoint
 Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint
 Example to support your view

C. Body paragraph 2
 State second viewpoint
 Discuss second viewpoint
 Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint
 Example to support your view

D. Conclusion
 Summarise the key points
 State which one is better or more important

5. Useful Languages
Explanation sentences
29
  That is to say… (linking)
 In other words… (linking)
 This is because… (giving reasons)
 The reason is… (giving reasons)
 As a result… (describing result)
 As a consequence… (describing result)
 Therefore… (describing result)
 Moreover… (elaborating further)
 For example,
 For instance,
 This is illustrated by…
 …such as…
 …namely…

6. Writing essay
.
Dũng:
Question: In many parts of the world, people do research on their family history. Some
people believe that finding out about previous generations is a useful thing to do.
However, others believe that it is better to focus on present and future generations.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring our family roots and
understanding the lives of our ancestors. While some believe that studying past
generations provides valuable lessons and a sense of identity, others argue that attention
should be directed to the needs of the present and the future. This article will discuss both
perspectives before explaining why a balanced approach to the past and the future is most
beneficial.

30
 Supporters of family history research say there is value in learning from previous
generations. Older generations often possess life experiences, wisdom, and cultural
traditions that can guide younger generations. For example, grandparents can teach their
grandchildren values such as patience, respect, and perseverance, values that are still
relevant in modern life. Furthermore, understanding family heritage helps individuals
maintain their identity and sense of belonging. Family rituals such as celebrating Lunar
New Year or passing down traditional crafts can strengthen solidarity and moral
orientation across generations.

On the other hand, many people argue that modern societies should focus on the
present and future rather than the past. The world is evolving rapidly with technological
innovations and changing social norms. To adapt to modern life, individuals must
embrace innovation and forward-thinking mindsets instead of clinging to outdated
customs. For example, old-fashioned parenting styles or strict gender roles may hinder
equality and creativity today. Therefore, focusing on education, technology, and
sustainable development can better equip future generations to meet contemporary
challenges and build a progressive world.

In conclusion, while researching family history can strengthen identity and

maintain cultural continuity, focusing on current and future developments is equally
important for progress. In my opinion, the ideal approach is to balance both - respecting
the wisdom of the past while adapting to modern needs and preparing for future
challenges. Such harmony allows societies to grow without losing their cultural roots.

Lan Chi:
Question: Some people think the generation gap between parents and children causes
more conflicts than understanding, while others believe it helps families adapt to modern
life. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Many people argue that the generation gap creates misunderstandings and
conflicts within families, while others believe it enables parents and children to adjust
31
better to modern society. Although this gap may sometimes lead to disagreements, I
personally believe it plays a positive role by helping families adapt to modern life.

Some people believe that differences in lifestyles and mindsets between

generations often lead to conflicts. Older parents tend to hold on to traditional values and
a conservative mindset, while young people are more open to changing values and new
ideas. This contrast can create tension, especially when parents try to impose their beliefs
on children who prefer independence. For example, older generations may view certain
careers or relationships as inappropriate, while younger ones see them as expressions of
freedom. I partly agree with this view because such disagreements are common.
However, they often stem from resistance to change rather than a lack of love or
understanding between generations.

On the other hand, others argue that the generation gap can actually strengthen
families by encouraging both sides to learn from each other. Young people can learn
from elders who pass down wisdom, life experience, and moral guidance, while parents
can benefit from their children’s modern perspective and technological knowledge. This
exchange helps preserve cultural continuity while still allowing families to embrace
innovation. According to a 2023 survey by the University of Melbourne, families that
encouraged open discussions between generations reported higher levels of mutual
understanding and a stronger sense of belonging. I agree more with this opinion, as the
ability to share and adapt is essential for families to stay united in today’s world.

In conclusion, while the generation gap can sometimes result in conflicts due to
differences in beliefs, it also benefits families by promoting understanding and
adaptability. In my view, maintaining respect for traditional values while accepting
modern perspectives is the best way to build strong family bonds.

Huong :

32
Question: Some people believe parents should be strict to teach children discipline, while
others think they should be more lenient to let children express themselves freely. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion

People have different opinions about how parents should raise their children.
Some believe that being strict helps children learn discipline and respect, while others
think that a more relaxed parenting style allows children to be creative and independent.
This essay will discuss both views and give my own opinion

Many people argue that parents need to be strict to teach children good behavior.
Strict discipline helps children understand what is right and wrong, which is important for
their future. For example, children who follow rules at home are more likely to behave
well at school and in society. Moreover, strict parenting can protect children from
dangerous habits such as spending too much time on the Internet or hanging out with bad
friends

On the other hand, some people believe that parents should be more lenient so that
children can express themselves freely. This kind of upbringing encourages creativity,
confidence, and problem-solving skills. When parents allow children to make their own
choices, they can learn from mistakes and become more independent. However, being too
lenient may lead to spoiled behavior if children are never told “no.”

In my opinion, both strictness and freedom are important in raising children.

Parents should be firm when it comes to discipline but also give children enough space to
express themselves and make decisions. A balanced approach helps children become both
responsible and confident.

Quỳnh Chi:

Question: Some people argue that parents today spend too much time working and not
enough time with their families, while others think working hard is necessary to provide
a better life for their children. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
33
 Some people believe that parents should devote more time to their families, while
others contend that working hard is crucial to secure financial stability and children’s
future opportunities. This essay will discuss both sides and give personal opinions.

On the one hand, spending time with family helps preserve family traditions and
strengthen emotional bonds. Family rituals such as shared meals or cultural celebrations
can create a sense of belonging and help children understand their roots and moral values.
Personally, I agree with this viewpoint as learning from elders and listening to their life
experiences also allows young people to inherit traditional values such as patience,
respect, and hard work. For example, grandparents often share life experiences that teach
younger generations how to deal with challenges and maintain family unity. Thus,
without sufficient family interaction, children may lose touch with their cultural heritage
and feel disconnected.

On the other hand, it is clear that many parents work long hours to adapt to
modern life and provide better education, healthcare, and opportunities for their children.
One explanation for this is that in a fast-changing world driven by technology and
innovation, financial security is vital for a stable future. For instance, in developing
countries, parents may take multiple jobs to afford tuition fees or private tutoring.
However, focusing solely on work can lead to stress and weaken family ties, creating
generational conflict and emotional distance.

In conclusion, both work and family are important. I strongly believe that parents
should combine tradition and modernity working hard to support their families while also
making time to nurture relationships and pass down wisdom, ensuring both material
comfort and emotional well-being.

34
 DISCUSSION
Topic: Media & Advertising

1. Essay Question

Question 1: Some companies sponsor sports as a way to advertise themselves. Some

people think it is good, while others think there are disadvantages to this. Discuss both
sides and give your own opinion

Question 2: Some people believe that what children watch on television influences their
behaviour. Others say that amount of time spent watching television influences their
behaviour. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Question 3: The number of TV programs is growing day by day. Some people say that it
is good as it gives people more choices, while others say it affects the quality of TV
programs. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
35
Question 4: Most people are interested in national news, others view that international
news is more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

2. Link articles:

[Link]
sponsorship#:~:text=Sports%20sponsorship%20builds%20brand%20awareness,exposure
%20to%20millions%20of%20consumers.

[Link]
society/#:~:text=Awareness:%20Advertising%20enables%20customers
%20conscious,MSG%20Management%20Study%20Guide

[Link]
hnk

[Link]

3. Vocabulary and ideas

Vocabulary Advantages Disadvantages

- sports - Sponsorship help to reach - Risk of bad publicity:

sponsorship global audiences, especially  if a sport player faces
- marketing tool/ during major sporting events scandal -> sponsor’s
strategy  Eg:Millions of image is damaged
- brand worldwide people  Eg: A cyclist Lance
awareness/ watch Olympics, ArmStrong was exposed
brand World Cup , giving for addictions, several
recognition sponsors instant global sponsors like Nike

36
- target audience exposure. immediately ended their
- corporate  Company logos are deals to protect their image
sponsors/ displayed on athlete’s
sponsorship deals uniforms, stadium
- Negative associations:
- mutual benefit banners, broadcast
+ Sponsorship by alcohol or fast
- promotional screens -> brand
food companies -> harm the
activity/ visibility to viewers
brand’s credibility.
advertising - Enhances brand image:
- Uncertain investment and
potential + linking the brand to a healthy
financial loss
- endorsement activity -> positive public image
 expensive cost of
advertisement deals
- Boosts sales:  poor performance or event
 combine sponsorship cancellation -> exposure
with product discounts reduction

37
 4. Steps to write

Introduction
 Paraphrase the question
 State Both Points of View
 Thesis Statement

Body paragraph 1
 State first viewpoint
 Discuss first viewpoint
 Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint
 Example to support your view

Body paragraph 2
 State second viewpoint
 Discuss second viewpoint
 Reason why you agree or disagree with viewpoint
 Example to support your view

Conclusion
 Summarise the key points
 State which one is better or more important

5. Useful Languages
Introduction

 It is often argued that…

 Some believe that…, while others claim/ disagree/ think/ contend that…

38
  It is considered by some… while there are others who think…

Body Paragraph

 On the one hand,…

 Supporters of this view claim that…
 Those who advocate this idea believe that…
 This is because…
 The main reason is that…
 This can be explained by the fact that…
One possible explanation is that…

Conclusion

 In conclusion, there are valid arguments for both sides of the issue.
 To sum up, while some people think that…, others believe that…
 From my perspective,....
 However, I believe that…

Linking Words

 Moreover, in addition, furthermore, however,

 On the contrary, whereas, while, although
 Therefore, consequently, as a result, thus

6. Member’s writing

Quynh Chi:

39
Question: Some companies sponsor sports as a way to advertise themselves. Some people
think it is good, while others think there are disadvantages to this. Discuss both sides and
give your own opinion

Some corporations regard sports advertisements as an effective way to sponsor

themselves. While some people believe that this practice is beneficial, others argue that it
can bring certain disadvantages. This essay will discuss both views and give my own
opinion.

On the one hand, sponsorship provides companies with a powerful promotional

tool to reach a wide target audience. One explanation for this is that during major
sporting events such as the Olympics or the World Cup, millions of people around the
world watch athletes and teams displaying company logos on their uniforms or stadium
banners, which enhances brand visibility and recognition. Furthermore, sponsoring sports
helps improve a company’s brand image by linking it to healthy and engaging activities.
For instance, Adidas often sees increased product sales after sponsoring the FIFA World
Cup, as many fans prefer to purchase items from companies that support their favourite
teams. Hence, this mutual benefit allows firms to boost sales while athletes and events
receive financial support.

On the other hand, there are several drawbacks. Companies may face bad publicity
if a sponsored athlete is interfered in a scandal. For example, when a cyclist Lance
Armstrong was exposed for doping, sponsors like Nike immediately ended their
endorsement deals to protect their reputation. In addition, sponsorship can create negative
associations, especially when alcohol or fast-food brands promote unhealthy lifestyles. It
is also an uncertain investment, as events can be cancelled due to unexpected situations
like the COVID-19 pandemic.

In conclusion, although sports sponsorship carries some risks, I believe its

advantages for marketing and sports development outweigh the potential downsides when
managed responsibly.
40
Lan Chi:
Question: Some people believe that what children watch on television influences their
behaviour. Others say that amount of time spent watching television influences their
behaviour. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Many people believe that television affects how children think and act. Some
argue that the type of shows children watch has a stronger influence on their behaviour,
while others think that the number of hours spent watching TV matters more. This essay
will discuss both sides and explain why I believe the content of TV programs has a
greater impact on children’s behaviour.

People who focus on what children watch say that television can shape their moral
values and personality. Watching violent or negative programs may encourage aggressive
actions or bad language, while educational and family shows can teach moral lessons and
promote kindness and teamwork. For example, a study from Oxford University found
that children who watched educational shows like Sheriff Labrador often became more
socially conscious and confident when encountering challenges. This shows that what
children watch plays an important role in how they behave and interact with people.

Others believe that how much time children spend watching TV has a bigger
effect. If children watch for too many hours, they may become lazy, lose focus on
schoolwork and have less time for physical activities. A report by the APT found that
kids who watched more than four hours of TV per day were more likely to have attention
problems and sleep issues. Although this shows that spending too much time on TV is
harmful, the negative effects can be reduced if the programs are useful and educational.

In conclusion, both the content and the watching time of television can affect
children’s behaviour. However, I believe that what they watch is more important, because
it can shape their thinking, emotions, and values. Parents should help children choose

41
good-quality programs and make sure they don’t spend too much time in front of the
screen.

Dũng:

Question: The number of TV programs is growing day by day. Some people say that it is
good as it gives people more choices, while others say it affects the quality of TV
programs. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.

In recent years, the number of television programs has significantly increased.

While some people believe this trend is beneficial because it offers audiences a wider
variety of choices, others argue that it negatively impacts the overall quality of TV
shows. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my personal opinion.

On one hand, the increasing number of TV programs provides viewers with more
options to suit their interests and preferences. With numerous channels and genres
available, audiences can easily find content that entertains or educates them, from
documentaries and news to reality shows and movies. Moreover, competition among TV
producers encourages creativity and innovation, as each channel strives to attract more
viewers. For example, Netflix and other streaming platforms have improved storytelling
quality to stand out from traditional television networks.

On the other hand, some argue that the rapid growth of TV programs leads to a
decline in quality. In order to produce large amounts of content quickly, many shows are
created with low budgets, weak scripts, and repetitive ideas. As a result, quantity is often
prioritized over creativity and depth. This not only lowers the overall quality of television
entertainment but also misleads audiences, especially young viewers, who may consume
low-value content. For instance, the rise of reality shows often focuses on drama and
gossip rather than meaningful messages.

42
 In conclusion, although the expansion of TV programs gives people more choices
and stimulates innovation, I believe that it also reduces the overall quality of content.
Therefore, producers should focus more on creating high-quality and meaningful
programs instead of just increasing the number of shows.

PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS

Topic: Education

1. Essay questions:
1. In many countries, students face high levels of stress due to academic pressure.
What are the main causes of this problem? What solutions can you suggest?
2. Some students drop out of school before completing their education. What
problems does this cause for individuals and society? What measures can be taken
to reduce this issue?
3. In some countries, there is a shortage of qualified teachers, especially in rural
areas. What are the reasons for this problem? What can be done to attract more
teachers to remote regions?
4. Many young people are unable to afford higher education today. What are the
effects of this situation? What can governments and universities do to make
education more accessible?
5. The quality of education in developing countries is often lower than in developed
nations. What problems does this inequality cause? How can these differences be
reduced?

2. Link articles:
1. [Link]
urban-report-penn-state/
43
 2. [Link]
2025_c58fc9ae.html
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
million-teachers
5. [Link]
pupils-in-uk-avoiding-school-because-of-anxiety
6. [Link]
need-tuition-fees-of-12500-to-break-even-analysis-finds

3. Vocabulary and ideas

Academic Stress Among Students

Vocabulary Problems Solutions

academic pressure 2 main problems: mental health 2 solutions: education system

exam-oriented decline - poor life balance - emotional support
education  mental health decline  education system
competitive  competitive learning  focus on developing
environment environments => self- creativity, soft skills
overloaded with worth depends on their  example: The Guardian
homework performance => (Finland - standardized
burnout burnout, anxiety tests are limited)
peer comparison  life balance  emotional support
high-stakes exams  workloads, exams =>  counseling services,
academic resilience lack of sleep, physical workshops,
counseling service / activity

44
 student support  example: Harvard communication
program Summer School (60%
scholarly high school students)
achievement
coping mechanisms
educational reform /
curriculum redesign
academic workload
self-esteem / self-
worth

4 .Structure of Paragraph
INTRODUCTION
1. Paraphrase the question
2. Outline sentence: 2 problems - 2 solutions

BODY 1
1. State 2 problems
2. Explain first problem
3. Explain second problem
4. Example for the second problem

BODY 2
1. State 2 solutions
2. Explain first solution
3. Explain second solution
4. Example for the second solution

45
CONCLUSION
Summary of main points in body 1 and 2

5. Member’s Writing

Lan Chi:
Question: In many countries, students suffer from high levels of stress caused by
academic pressure. What problems does this situation create? What solutions can be
proposed to address it?

In many parts of the world, students are struggling with intense stress due to
academic demands. This essay will discuss two major problems which are mental health
decline and poor life balance, and propose two possible solutions including reforming the
education system and enhancing emotional support.

One serious problem caused by academic pressure is the rise in mental health
issues among students. Highly competitive learning environments often make students
feel that their self-worth depends solely on academic performance. This constant
comparison can lead to burnout, anxiety and even depression. Another problem is the
lack of balance between study and personal life. Excessive workloads and exam-focused
learning push students to sacrifice sleep, physical activity and leisure time, which can
harm both their physical health and social skills. For example, a study by Harvard
Summer School (2023) reported that nearly 60% of high school students in the USA
experience stress-related symptoms during exam periods, such as headaches, fatigue, and
emotional exhaustion.

To tackle this issue, the first solution is to reform the education system. Instead of
measuring students purely by exam scores, schools should also focus on developing
creativity, collaboration, and soft skills. This method has proven effective in some
countries. For instance, The Guardian (2022) reported that Finland’s flexible education
46
model where standardized tests are limited, has led to lower student stress and better
overall performance. Another important measure is to provide emotional and
psychological support within schools. Counseling services, stress-management
workshops, and open communication between teachers and students can help young
people express their emotions and cope with academic demands in healthier ways.

In conclusion, academic pressure causes serious problems such as deteriorating

mental health and loss of life balance among students. However, by reforming testing
systems and offering stronger emotional support, schools and governments can help
students achieve both academic success and personal well-being.

Huong:
Question : In some countries, there is a shortage of qualified teachers, especially in rural
areas. What are the reasons for this problem? What can be done to attract more teachers
to remote regions?
In many parts of the world, there is a lack of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and
remote areas. This problem can negatively affect the quality of education for local
students. This essay will discuss the main reasons for this issue and suggest some
possible solutions to attract more teachers to these regions.
There are several reasons why few teachers want to work in rural areas. Firstly, salaries
and working conditions in these places are often poorer than in cities. Many schools in
remote regions lack modern facilities, such as libraries or computers, which makes
teaching more difficult. Secondly, living in rural areas can be uncomfortable because of
limited transportation, healthcare, and entertainment. Young teachers, in particular, prefer
to live in urban areas where they can have better job opportunities and lifestyles. Lastly,
some teachers may not receive enough support or professional training when working in
small schools.

To solve this problem, governments should offer special benefits to teachers who work in
rural areas. For example, higher salaries, free housing, or travel allowances can make the
job more attractive. In addition, improving school facilities and providing professional
47
development programs can help teachers feel more motivated and respected. Finally,
public campaigns could raise awareness about the importance of rural education and
encourage more young people to become teachers in these regions.
In conclusion, the shortage of teachers in rural areas is mainly caused by low income,
poor living conditions, and lack of support. By offering financial incentives and better
working environments, more teachers may be willing to move to and stay in remote
areas.

Quỳnh Chi:

Question: The quality of education in developing countries is often lower than in

developed nations. What problems does this inequality cause? How can these differences
be reduced?

A matter of great concern is that developing countries tend to have poorer education
systems compared to developed ones. The focus of this essay is to shed light on the
causes of this gap and suggest viable solutions

The most concerning problems resulted from the big gap in quality education between
developed and developing countries are the mental health issues and poor life balance.
One of the significant matters is that in competitive education systems, learners often
face high academic pressure and peer comparison. Their self-worth may depend solely on
scholarly achievement, leading to burnout, stress, and anxiety. For instance, many high
school students, including those attending programs like Harvard Summer School, report
high levels of academic stress, with around 60% struggling to maintain a healthy mindset.
Another issue is poor life balance. Students overloaded with homework and high-stakes
exams tend to sacrifice sleep, exercise, and leisure, which can negatively affect their
overall well-being and academic resilience.

Effective countermeasures could be to reform education. Governments in developing

nations should reconstruct curricula to focus on creativity, communication, and soft
skills rather than rote learning. A clear illustration of this is that according to The
48
Guardian, Finland limits standardized testing and emphasizes holistic learning. Moreover,
schools should provide counseling services and student support programs to help learners
build coping mechanisms and maintain emotional stability.

In conclusion, poor mental health and lack of life balance are major problems caused by
academic pressure in developing countries. These issues can be reduced by reforming
curriculum that promotes creativity and providing counseling services to support
students’ well-being, helping create a healthier and more effective education system.

Dũng

Question: Many young people are unable to afford higher education today. What are the
effects of this situation? What can governments and universities do to make education
more accessible?

In many countries, the cost of higher education has increased sharply, making it
difficult for many young people to afford university studies. This situation can lead to
several negative effects on individuals and society. However, there are various measures
that governments and universities can take to make higher education more accessible and
affordable.

One major effect of this problem is the growing social inequality between rich and
poor students. When only wealthy families can pay for university tuition, those from low-
income backgrounds lose the chance to continue their studies and find good jobs. This
creates an unfair gap in career opportunities. Another consequence is that many students
are forced to work part-time or take large student loans to cover their expenses. As a
result, they suffer from stress and struggle to balance study and work. For example, in the
United States, a large number of graduates leave university with heavy debts, which can
take years to repay and limit their financial independence.

To address these problems, both governments and universities need to take action.
Firstly, governments should provide more scholarships and financial aid for students
49
from disadvantaged families, helping them cover tuition fees and living costs. This would
give everyone an equal opportunity to pursue higher education regardless of their
financial background. Secondly, universities can lower tuition fees or offer flexible
payment options, such as monthly installments or online learning programs, to reduce
financial pressure on students. For instance, some European countries like Germany offer
free or low-cost higher education, which ensures fairness and attracts more students.

In conclusion, the inability to afford higher education leads to serious effects such
as inequality and student debt. To make education more accessible, governments should
support students financially, and universities should reduce tuition costs or create flexible
payment systems so that every young person has the chance to study and achieve their
goals.

6. Useful languages
Introducing the Problem
One major problem related to the issue is…
One major problem is that…
Another significant issue is…
This issue can lead to…
As a result / Consequently / Therefore,...
A further problem associated with this is…
This not only… but also…

Introducing the Solution

One effective solution would be to…
To address this issue, it is essential to…
A possible way to tackle this problem is…
This problem could be solved by…

50
In order to combat this issue, the government should…

Concluding the Essay

In conclusion, this is a serious issue that requires urgent attention.
While this issue poses significant challenges, implementing … can help resolve it.
To sum up, tackling … requires a multi-faceted approach, including…
By taking these steps, we can effectively reduce the negative impact of ….
Although… is a complex issue, it can be managed with appropriate measures.

TWO-PART QUESTION ESSAYS

Topic: Health

1. Essay questions
1. Many people find it difficult to stay healthy in today’s fast-paced world.
Why do people struggle to maintain a healthy lifestyle?
What can be done to help them live more healthily?

2. In many countries, healthcare is provided for free by the government, while in

others, people have to pay for their own medical treatment.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system?
Which do you think is better for society?

3. Nowadays, more people are suffering from stress-related illnesses.

What are the main causes of this problem?
How can people reduce stress in their daily lives?

51
 4. People are becoming more aware of the importance of eating healthy food and
doing regular exercise.
Why do some people still not follow a healthy diet or exercise routine?
How can the government encourage people to be healthier?

2. Link to articles
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
brain-strength
3. [Link]
galleries-can-improve-wellbeing-study-reveals
4. [Link]

5. Vocabulary and ideas

Vocabulary

 reduce stress / relieve stress

 improve mental health
 promote well-being
 increase life expectancy
 benefit both mind and body
 preventive healthcare\
 public health campaign
 lifestyle-related diseases
 healthy lifestyle choices
 flexitarian / plant-based eating
 antioxidant-rich foods

52
  cardiovascular health / heart disease
 processed food / ultra-processed food
 nutrient deficiency
 reduce the risk of heart disease
 obesity / weight management
 immune, endocrine, and nervous systems
 emotional wellbeing / mental health

6. Steps for writing

A. Introduction
 Paraphrase the topic and state your position clearly, either by answering
both questions directly or by providing an outline of the essay.
B. Body paragraph 1
 Address the first question with a topic sentence and supporting ideas,
details, facts, or examples.
C. Body paragraph 2
 Address the second question with a topic sentence and supporting ideas,
details, facts, or examples.
D. Conclusion
 Summarize the main points from both body paragraphs and restate your
thesis or opinion
7. Useful language

8. Writing essay
Hương
Question: Many people find it difficult to stay healthy in today’s fast-paced world.
Why do people struggle to maintain a healthy lifestyle?
What can be done to help them live more healthily?

53
In today’s modern and fast-paced world, many people struggle to maintain a healthy
lifestyle. This essay will discuss some main reasons why this happens and suggest
possible measures to help people live more healthily.

One of the major reasons why people find it hard to stay healthy is their busy work
schedule. Nowadays, many people have to work long hours or even take extra jobs,
which leaves them little time for exercise or cooking nutritious meals. As a result, they
often rely on fast food, which is convenient but high in fat and sugar. Another reason is
the increase in sedentary lifestyles. With the development of technology, people spend
too much time sitting in front of computers or on their phones, which reduces physical
activity and leads to health problems such as obesity or heart disease.

To help people improve their health, several actions can be taken. Firstly, governments
and workplaces should encourage a better work–life balance by reducing working hours
and promoting regular exercise. For example, companies can offer gym memberships or
organize sports events for employees. Secondly, schools and media can raise awareness
of healthy eating and the importance of regular physical activity. When people
understand the long-term benefits of staying fit, they are more likely to make positive
lifestyle changes.

In conclusion, the main reasons people struggle to maintain good health are lack of time
and inactive habits. However, with support from both governments and individuals, it is
possible to build a healthier and more balanced lifestyle for everyone.

Quỳnh Chi:
Question: In many countries, healthcare is provided for free by the government, while in
others, people have to pay for their own medical treatment. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of each system? Which do you think is better for society?

In many parts of the world, it goes without saying that healthcare service is given
free by the government, while in others, individuals have to spend an amount of money
54
for their own medical treatment. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of these two
systems and I believe that public healthcare is more beneficial for society.

One major advantage of a government-funded system is that it ensures equal

access to medical services. For example, in countries like the UK, the National Health
Service provides free medical care for everyone, which reduces stress for low-income
families and promotes well-being across the population. Moreover, national public health
campaigns can raise awareness of healthy lifestyle choices, which benefit both mind and
body and increase life expectancy. However, the downside is that free healthcare may
lead to overcrowded hospitals and long waiting times, placing a heavy financial burden
on the government.

By contrast, private healthcare systems offer faster treatment and higher-quality

facilities, giving patients more options. Yet, they may create inequality, as only the
wealthy can afford proper care. This can worsen public health problems, especially for
those unable to manage nutrient deficiency, mental health, or cardiovascular health
issues.

In conclusion, while private healthcare can deliver efficiency, a free, government-

funded system better supports emotional well-being and the overall health of society. It
not only improves mental health but also strengthens the immune, endocrine, and nervous
systems, leading to a healthier and fairer nation.

Dũng
Question: Nowadays, more people are suffering from stress-related illnesses.
What are the main causes of this problem?
How can people reduce stress in their daily lives?

In today’s fast-paced world, stress-related illnesses have become increasingly

common among people of all ages. This essay will discuss the main causes of this
problem and suggest some effective ways to help individuals reduce stress in their daily
lives.
55
 One major cause of stress is the heavy workload and pressure in modern life.
Many people have demanding jobs with long working hours, tight deadlines, and high
expectations, which can lead to exhaustion and mental tension. Another significant cause
is the lack of work-life balance. People often spend most of their time at work or
studying, leaving little time for relaxation, hobbies, or social interaction. For example,
office workers in big cities often experience burnout due to continuous work stress and
limited rest. In addition, financial difficulties and social competition also contribute to
increasing stress levels, as individuals constantly worry about maintaining their living
standards or achieving success.

To reduce stress, people need to make changes in both their lifestyles and
attitudes. Firstly, they should manage their time effectively and set realistic goals to avoid
being overwhelmed. Taking regular breaks, exercising, and getting enough sleep are also
essential for maintaining good mental health. Secondly, people can engage in relaxing
activities such as meditation, listening to music, or spending time with family and friends.
For instance, yoga and mindfulness practices have been proven to help people calm their
minds and reduce anxiety. Lastly, governments and workplaces can also support mental
well-being by providing counseling services and promoting a healthier work
environment.

In conclusion, stress-related illnesses are mainly caused by heavy workloads, lack

of balance, and financial pressures. To overcome these problems, individuals should
adopt a healthier lifestyle and positive mindset, while organizations and governments
should take action to create a more supportive environment for everyone’s mental health.

Lan Chi
Question: People are becoming more aware of the importance of eating healthy food and
doing regular exercise. Why do some people still not follow a healthy diet or exercise
routine? How can the government encourage people to be healthier?

In recent years, more individuals have recognized the value of maintaining a

56
balanced diet and an active lifestyle. Despite this growing awareness, many still fail to
adopt healthy habits. This essay will discuss the reasons why people neglect a healthy
lifestyle and suggest several ways governments can encourage citizens to make better
choices for their well-being.

One key reason why some people do not follow a healthy diet or exercise routine
is the fast-paced lifestyle of modern society. Many individuals work long hours, leaving
them with little time or energy for cooking or exercising. As a result, they often rely on
processed food, which is harmful to health in the long run. Another reason is the lack of
motivation or understanding about preventive healthcare. Some people only take their
health seriously after developing lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity or heart
disease. For example, a 2024 survey by the World Health Organization found that over
40% of adults in urban areas skipped exercise due to job stress and poor work-life
balance.

Governments can play a vital role in promoting healthy lifestyle choices. Firstly,
they should launch public health campaigns to raise awareness about how a balanced diet
and regular exercise can reduce stress, improve mental health, and increase life
expectancy. Secondly, authorities can make healthy options more accessible by providing
subsidies for plant-based or antioxidant-rich foods and imposing higher taxes on sugary
drinks or junk food. For instance, Japan’s health ministry successfully reduced national
obesity rates by supporting community fitness programs and healthy lunch initiatives in
schools.

In conclusion, busy lifestyles and low motivation often prevent people from
following healthy routines. However, with strong government movements such as public
education and financial support for healthier food options, citizens can be encouraged to
adopt habits that benefit both mind and body.

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 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Topic: Technology

1. Essay questions:
Question 1: Artificial Intelligence has become a part of our daily routines through voice
assistants and recommendation systems. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
this?
Question 2: AI can automate repetitive tasks and support data-driven decision-making.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this?
Question 3: AI plays a key role in early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of this?
Question 4: AI can improve efficiency and sustainability, but also raises ethical concerns.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this?

2. Link articles:
[Link]
daily-lives
[Link]
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cbkrGUzc4chwrIqqbs7gU6FnbuiRnw1a4eBnUEUzdwuC28o_SqtUIIaAmg4EALw_wcB
[Link]

58
 3. Vocabulary and ideas
Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life

Vocabulary Reasons why Artificial Effects of extended working

Intelligence are popular hours

- Automation / 1. Rapid development of 1. Advantages:

repetitive task digital tools and computing - Increased efficiency
automation power and productivity at work.
- Efficiency / - AI technologies are - Better decision-making
productivity / becoming cheaper, faster, through data analysis.
accuracy and more accessible. - Improved healthcare
- Data-driven with early diagnosis and
decision-making / personalized treatment.
2. Demand for efficiency
predictive analytics - Greater convenience in
and accuracy
daily routines (smart
- Businesses and individuals
homes, digital
- Personalized rely on AI to save time,
assistants).
recommendation / reduce costs, and minimize
- Supports
algorithm human error.
environmental protection
- Natural language
and sustainable
processing / voice
3. Data explosion in the development.
recognition
digital era
- The huge amount of data
2. Disadvantages:
- AI in healthcare / generated daily requires AI
- Job loss due to
medical diagnostics for analysis and decision-
automation and reduced
- Machine learning / making.
need for human labor.
neural networks
- Privacy invasion and
4. Desire for convenience in
59
 daily life data misuse by
- AI assistants and smart companies.
- Job automation / AI-
devices help users perform - Overreliance on
driven
daily tasks faster and more technology reduces
unemployment
easily. creativity and social
- AI ethics / bias /
interaction.
transparency
- Ethical issues such as
- Sustainable 5. Advancement in
bias and lack of
technology / smart healthcare technology
transparency in AI
solutions - AI supports doctors in
systems.
detecting diseases early and
- Environmental
creating personalized
concerns from the high
treatments.
energy use of AI
systems.
6. Environmental and
sustainability needs
- AI helps optimize energy
use, reduce waste, and
monitor climate change.

7. Economic competition
and innovation
- Governments and
companies invest in AI to
stay competitive in the
global market.

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 4. Steps for writing
A. Introduction
 Paraphrase the question
 Outline the views stated in the statement
 State your opinion (if required)
B. Body paragraph 1
 Topic sentence – state 1 advantage
 Explanation – give detail explaining the advantage
 Example – give an example
C. Body paragraph 2
 Topic sentence – state 1 disadvantage
 Explanation – give detail explaining the disadvantage
 Example – give an example
D. Conclusion
 Summarise the key points
 State your opinion (if required)

5. Useful Languages
Advantages

 One advantage of X is…

 A primary advantage of X is…
 The positive aspects of X include…
 A/Another benefit of X is…
 An/Another advantage of X is…

Díadvantages

 A disadvantage of X is…
 One drawback of X is…
61
  A negative aspect of X is…
 A negative consequence of X is…
 A/another drawback of X is…

6. Writing essay
Dũng:
Question 1: Artificial Intelligence has become a part of our daily routines through voice
assistants and recommendation systems. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
this?

In recent years, artificial intelligence has become increasingly integrated into our
daily lives through technologies such as voice assistants and personalized
recommendation systems. While these tools offer great convenience and efficiency, they
also raise certain social and ethical concerns. This essay will discuss both the advantages
and disadvantages of this development.

One big advantage of AI in everyday work is the efficiency and convenience it

offers. Voice assistants like Siri or Alexa help users manage their schedules, control
smart devices, and access information hands-free. This saves time and simplifies
everyday tasks. In addition, AI-driven recommendation systems which are used by
platforms like Netflix or Spotify also enhance user experience by offering personalized
suggestions based on preferences and past behavior. As a result, people can make
quicker and more satisfying decisions while enjoying a more customized digital
experience.

However, the use of AI in daily life also has serious drawbacks. The most
significant concern is the issue of privacy, as AI systems often collect and analyze large
amounts of personal data to make accurate predictions. This can lead to data misuse or
other personal problems. Furthermore, overreliance on AI may reduce human creativity
and independent decision-making, as people become dependent on machines to make
62
choices for them. Lastly, the algorithms used in these systems can be biased, which
sometimes results in unfair or inaccurate recommendations.

In conclusion, AI greatly improves daily life through convenience and

personalization, but issues like privacy risks and dependence remain. To benefit fully,
people should use AI wisely and ensure it’s applied responsibly.

Lan Chi:
Question: AI plays a key role in early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of this?

In the modern era, artificial intelligence has become an important tool in the
medical field, especially for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. Although AI can
improve the quality and speed of healthcare, it also brings some risks and challenges.
This essay will discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of using AI in healthcare.

One clear benefit of AI in medicine is that it increases efficiency and accuracy in

medical diagnostics. With machine learning and neural networks, AI systems can process
a huge amount of data in a short time and detect patterns that might be missed by doctors.
This helps patients get treatment before their condition becomes serious. Another
advantage is that doctors can use data-driven decision-making to offer personalized
treatment for each patient. For example, hospitals using AI programs like IBM Watson
Health can design cancer treatment plans that match each patient’s needs

On the other hand, there are some problems with using AI in healthcare. First,
job automation may replace some medical workers, especially those who do repetitive
tasks such as reading scans or entering data. Second, AI systems can face ethical issues,
like data privacy and bias. If an algorithm is trained with limited data, it might make
unfair or incorrect decisions. For instance, research by Stanford University showed that
some AI tools for diagnosing skin diseases worked less accurately on darker skin tones,
which could lead to dangerous results.

63
 In conclusion, AI has many advantages in early diagnosis and personalized
treatment, such as better efficiency and more accurate care. However, it can also cause
job loss and ethical problems. Therefore, governments and hospitals should create clear
rules to make sure AI is used safely and fairly in the healthcare system.

Huong:

Question: AI can automate repetitive tasks and support data-driven decision-making.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this?

Artificial Intelligence has become an important part of modern life. It can perform
repetitive tasks automatically and help people make decisions based on data. While AI
brings many advantages, it also has some disadvantages that need to be considered.
One major advantage of AI is that it saves time and increases productivity.
Machines can complete repetitive tasks faster and more accurately than humans, such as
checking documents, answering simple customer questions, or analyzing large amounts
of data. This allows workers to focus on more creative and complex jobs. In addition, AI
can help companies make better decisions by analyzing patterns and trends in data. For
example, hospitals can use AI systems to predict patient risks and improve treatment
plans.
On the other hand, the use of AI also has drawbacks. Firstly, it may lead to job
loss, especially in industries that rely heavily on manual or routine work. Many workers
might lose their income if machines replace their roles. Secondly, AI systems depend on
data, which can sometimes be inaccurate or biased. Wrong data can lead to poor
decisions. Finally, over-reliance on AI may reduce human creativity and problem-solving
skills because people might depend too much on machines.
In conclusion, AI offers great benefits in terms of efficiency and decision-
making, but it also brings challenges such as unemployment and data bias. Therefore, it
is important to use AI wisely while ensuring that humans remain in control of key
decisions.

64
Quỳnh Chi:

Question: AI can improve efficiency and sustainability, but also raises ethical concerns.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this?

Although AI brings numerous benefits to efficiency and sustainability, it also

raises several ethical and social challenges. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of
this cutting-edge tool

One key advantage of AI is its ability to increase efficiency and productivity by

automating repetitive tasks. In many industries, automatic machines enable faster, more
accurate data-driven decision-making. For instance, AI-powered systems in healthcare
assist doctors in early medical diagnostics and personalized treatment planning,
improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, sustainable technology supported by AI can
optimize energy use, reduce waste, and monitor climate change, promoting eco-friendly
development. In everyday life, AI applications such as smart homes, natural language
processing, and voice recognition enhance convenience and simplify tasks for users.

However, the growing use of AI also has disadvantages. Job automation may lead
to unemployment, especially in roles that rely on repetitive work. Additionally, ethical
issues such as bias, privacy invasion, and lack of transparency in AI operation have
become serious global concerns. Overreliance on AI could also reduce human creativity
and social interaction. Moreover, despite supporting sustainability, the high energy
consumption required for AI systems can itself create environmental pressure.

In conclusion, AI offers undeniable advantages in efficiency, innovation, and

sustainability, but it also presents major ethical and social challenges. It is crucial that
governments and organizations must ensure responsible AI development that balances
technological progress with fairness, transparency, and human well-being.

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