Periodic table Ph: 8795430430
1. Dobereiner’s Triads ►Dobernier gave number of triads such a way
that the atomic mass of the middle element was the
average atomic masses of the first and the third
elements.
2. Newlands’ Law of Octaves ► elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic
masses as the notes of musical instruments he found
that the properties of eighth element are repeated at
regular interval of times
3. Mendeleev’s periodic law ►The physical and chemical properties of an elements
are the periodic function of their atomic mass
4. Uses of Mendeleev’s periodic table ►simplify the study of elements, in discovery of new
element, in correcting atomic mass
5. Drawbacks of Mendeleev’s periodic table ►[Link] is placed in group one and 17
[Link] of isotopes is not explained
[Link] elements like copper and mercury are separated
[Link] elements like alkali and noble metal placed
together
[Link] order of atomic mass of some elements are not
explained
6.A group of 14 element having atomic number 58 to 71
are placed together called as lanthanides
7.A group of 14 element having atomic number 90 to 103
are placed together called as actinides
6. Modern periodic law ► The physical and chemical properties of an elements
are the periodic function of their atomic mass
7. General configuration of s, p, d, f block
a. s block ns1 or ns2
b. p block ns2 to np1to6
c. d block (n-1)d1to10 ns1 or 2
d. f block (n-2)f 1 to 14 (n-1)d0 or 1 ns2
8. The IUPAC Name of element
Periodic table Ph: 8795430430
9. Position of element in periodic table
10. Atomic Radii: ►It is defined as the distance from center of the nucleus
to the outermost shell containing the electrons.
11. Vander Waals Radius: ►Atoms of Noble gases are held together by weak van
der Waals forces of attraction. The van der Waals radius
is half of the distance between the center of nuclei of
atoms of noble gases.
12. size of cation is larger than parent ►cation is formed after removing of one electron now
proton become greater than number electron effective
nuclear charge increases which hold the remaining
electron more tightly thus size decreases
13. size of anion is larger than parent ►anion is formed after taking of one electron now
electron become greater than proton i.e. effective
nuclear charge decreases which hold the remaining
electron less tightly thus size increases
14. Ionization Enthalpy ► It is the energy required to remove an electron from
an isolated gaseous atom in its ground state.
15. Ionization enthalpies increase on moving ►because the nuclear charge increases and the atomic
left to the right in a period, size decreases
16. The ionization enthalpies decrease on ►distance of electron from the nucleus increases and
moving from top to the bottom in any group. Also due to screening effect or shielding effect increases
17. Ionization energy of nitrogen is greater than O ► Because nitrogen has exactly half-filled configuration
which is stable configuration according to hund rule
18. IE1 of sodium is lesser than magnesium ►because after removal of one electron sodium
but second Ionization energy of sodium acquire stable configuration thus
is greater than magnesium removal of 2nd electron become difficult
19. Ionization energy of Be > B ►because in Beryllium valence electron present in s
orbital which is closer to the nucleus hence highly
attracted by nucleus & Be has also stable configuration in
boron valence electron present in p orbital
20. IE3>IE2>IE1 or successive ionization energy ► because after removing one more electron effective
always increases explain nuclear charge increases which hold the remaining
electron more tightly thus successive ionisation energy
increases
21. Electron Gain Enthalpy ►energy released when an electron is added to an
isolated gaseous atom so as to convert it into a
negative ion.
22. First electron gain enthalpy of Oxygen ►after taking one electron atom acquire -ve charge
is exothermic but second electron gain which repel the coming electron in order to overcome
enthalpy of Oxygen is endothermic the repulsion force energy has to be supplied
23. Electron gain enthalpy of Be Mg N P ►because these elements has stable configuration
and inert is zero why
24. Electron gain enthalpy order of F Cl Br I ► Cl > F >Br >I ? why
Periodic table Ph: 8795430430
25. Electron gain enthalpy of Cl > F ► F is small in size and have high electron density
26. what is Diagonal relationship ►some element of II period shows similar properties of
element placed diagonally this is due to same charge to
radius ratio i.e. polarizability power
27. Assign the position of the element having ► (i)period 3, group 16, block p (ii) period 4, group 4
outer electronic configuration (i) ns2np4 for , block d (iii) period 6, group 3, block f
n = 3 (ii) (n-1)d2ns2 for n = 4, and (iii) (n-2) f7
(n-1)d1ns2 for n = 6, in the periodic table
28. On the basis of quantum numbers, justify ► In 6th period subshell filled are 6s 4f 5d 6p
that the sixth period of the periodic table since total electron in these shells are 32 hence
should have 32 elements 6th period contain 32 elements
29. In terms of period and group where would ►7th period p block group 14
you locate the element with Z =114
30. Arrange in decreasing order of size N-3 O-2 F-1 ►They are isoelectronic and N-3>O-2>F-1>Na+>Mg+2>Al+3
Na+ Mg+2 Al+3 what is common in them
31. first IE values of group 13 elements: ►In gallium d orbital where thalium f orbital is present
since d and f orbital shows poor shielding effect
B Al Ga In Tl
801 577 579 558 589
32. Arrange in dec order of ionic radii I-,I+ ,I ►I-> I > I+
Elements ΔH1 ΔH2 ΔegH
1 520 7300 -6 0
2 419 3051 -4 8
3 1681 3374 -3 2 8
4 1008 1846 -2 9 5
5 2372 5251 +4 8
6 738 1451 -4 0
33. Which element (a) least reactive element. ►(i) High IE1 ie5th (ii) low IE ie 2nd
(b) most reactive metal. (c)most reactive (iii) high EGE ie 3rd (iv) low EGE ie 4th
non-metal. (d) least reactive non-metal. (v) low IE2 ie 6th (vi) 1st
(e) metal which can form a stable binary
halide of formula MX2 (f) metal which can
form a predominantly stable covalent halide?
34. What is Magic No ►Magic number are 2,8,8,18,18,32 it is used to calculate
the atomic number if next element in same group
35. Explain screening or shielding effect ►Valence electron experience 2 type of attraction force
between nucleus and electron and repulsive force
between electron and electron when repulsive force is
greater than attraction force then called as good screening
or shielding effect s>p>d>f
36. Define Inert pair effect ►Reluctance of s electron pair to participate in a chemical
reaction