OBJECTIVE REFRACTION
Names:
Anitha
Sathi Samanta
Suchita
Riyaz
Sai Hari
MCQ Questions (Choose the correct answer)
1) Retinoscopy works on which principle?
a) Snell’s law
b) Focault’s principle
c) Fermat’s principle
d) Helmholtz principle
Answer: b) Focault’s principle
2) The normal working distance in retinoscopy is:
a) 33 cm
b) 50 cm
c) 66 cm
d) 1 m
Answer: c) 66 cm
3) A with movement reflex indicates:
a) Myopia
b) Hyperopia
c) Emmetropia
d) Astigmatism
Answer: b) Hyperopia
4) Against movement during retinoscopy indicates:
a) Hyperopia
b) Myopia
c) Emmetropia
d) Aphakia
Answer: b) Myopia
5) If there is no movement of reflex, it indicates:
a) Astigmatism
b) Hyperopia
c) Neutrality
d) Myopia
Answer: c) Neutrality
6) The light reflected from the fundus is called:
a) Pupillary reflex
b) Retinoscopic reflex
c) Corneal reflex
d) Accommodation reflex
Answer: b) Retinoscopic reflex
7) Which drug is commonly used for cycloplegic retinoscopy?
a) Pilocarpine
b) Cyclopentolate
c) Timolol
d) Atropine ointment
Answer: b) Cyclopentolate
8) Dynamic retinoscopy is used to measure:
a) Refraction
b) Lag of accommodation
c) Corneal curvature
d) Intraocular pressure
Answer: b) Lag of accommodation
9) The normal accommodative lag value is:
a) 0.00 D
b) +0.25D to +0.75D
c) +1.50D
d) −0.50D
Answer: b) +0.25D to +0.75D
10) Which condition commonly shows scissoring reflex?
a) Cataract
b) Keratoconus
c) Hyperopia
d) Glaucoma
Answer: b) Keratoconus
2 MARKS
1. Define Retinoscopy.
2. What is working distance in retinoscopy and how is it calculated?
3. Write the types of retinoscopy.
4. What is neutral reflex?
5. What are the parts of a retinoscope?
6. Define wet retinoscopy.
7. Define dry retinoscopy.
8. What is gross retinoscopy?
9. What is net retinoscopy?
10. What is scissoring reflex?
11. What is dynamic retinoscopy?
12. What is cycloplegia?
13. What are the cycloplegic agents?
14. Differentiate between cycloplegic and mydriatic drugs.
5 MARKS
1. Explain the principle of retinoscopy.
2. Explain the steps to neutralize astigmatism.
3. Explain the properties of retinoscopic reflex.
4. Write the sources of error in retinoscopy.
5. Write the indications for cycloplegic retinoscopy.
6. Explain the MEM procedure.
10 MARKS
1. Describe retinoscopy in detail including principle, parts and procedure.
2. Explain neutralizing technique in retinoscopy with example.
PROBLEMS
1. Find net value from gross value
(i) +4.00 D
(ii) –3.00 D
(iii) +7.50 D
(iv) –3.75 D
(v) +2.75 D
Answer
(i) +2.50 D
(ii) –4.50 D
(iii) +6.00 D
(iv) –5.25 D
(v) +1.25 D
2. Find gross value from net value
(i) –2.25 D
(ii) +4.75 D
(iii) –8.25 D
(iv) +3.75 D
(v) 0.00 D
Answer
(i) –0.75 D
(ii) +6.25 D
(iii) –6.75 D
(iv) –2.25 D
(v) +1.50 D