ICT Technician Level 6 (TVET■CDACC) Computer
Essentials & Computer Operations Complete Notes
for All Sub■Units
These notes summarize the key topics covered in Computer Essentials and Computer Operations
units for ICT Technician Level 6 students preparing for TVET■CDACC examinations.
1. Introduction to Computers
• A computer is an electronic device that receives data as input, processes it and produces
information as output.
• Components of a computer system include hardware, software, data, procedures and users.
• Characteristics of computers include speed, accuracy, storage capacity, automation and
versatility.
2. Types of Computers
• Supercomputers – used for complex scientific calculations.
• Mainframe computers – used by large organizations.
• Minicomputers – mid■range systems used in institutions.
• Microcomputers – personal computers such as desktops and laptops.
3. Computer Hardware
• Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that can be seen and touched.
• Examples include keyboard, monitor, motherboard, processor, memory and storage devices.
4. Input Devices
• Keyboard – used to enter text and commands.
• Mouse – pointing device used to control the cursor.
• Scanner – converts printed documents into digital form.
• Microphone – captures sound input.
5. Output Devices
• Monitor – displays information visually.
• Printer – produces hard copy output.
• Speakers – produce audio output.
• Projector – displays computer output on a large screen.
6. Storage Devices
• Primary storage includes RAM and ROM.
• Secondary storage includes hard disks, flash drives, memory cards and optical disks.
• Cloud storage allows storing data on internet servers.
7. Computer Memory
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – temporary memory used while programs run.
• ROM (Read Only Memory) – permanent memory storing firmware instructions.
8. Software
• System software – controls computer hardware (e.g., operating systems).
• Application software – programs designed for user tasks such as word processing.
9. Operating Systems
• An operating system manages hardware and software resources.
• Examples include Windows, Linux and macOS.
• Functions include memory management, file management and device control.
10. Booting Process
• Booting is the process of starting a computer.
• Cold boot occurs when a computer is powered on from an off state.
• Warm boot occurs when a computer restarts without being completely powered off.
11. File Management
• A file is a collection of related data stored in a storage device.
• A folder (directory) is used to organize files.
• File operations include creating, copying, moving, renaming and deleting files.
12. Computer Security
• Computer security protects systems from unauthorized access.
• Threats include viruses, worms, trojans and spyware.
• Protection methods include antivirus software, firewalls and strong passwords.
13. Computer Maintenance
• Preventive maintenance keeps computers working efficiently.
• Activities include cleaning hardware, updating software and scanning for viruses.
14. Safety and Precautions
• Do not place liquids near computers.
• Ensure proper ventilation to avoid overheating.
• Use surge protectors to prevent electrical damage.
15. Basic Troubleshooting
• Check power connections if the computer does not start.
• Restart the computer if programs freeze.
• Check cables and peripherals if devices are not detected.
16. Practical Computer Operations
• Creating folders and organizing files.
• Installing and uninstalling software.
• Using task manager to monitor system performance.
• Backing up files using external drives or cloud storage.