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Operating System Main File

The document outlines various Linux commands and their functionalities, including 'ls' for listing directory contents, 'pwd' for printing the working directory, and 'top' for displaying running processes. It also covers file manipulation commands like 'cp' for copying files, as well as shell scripting basics such as creating scripts and using variables, decision-making, and loops. Additionally, it provides examples of commands for displaying the date and calendar.

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Shyam Saini
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3 views20 pages

Operating System Main File

The document outlines various Linux commands and their functionalities, including 'ls' for listing directory contents, 'pwd' for printing the working directory, and 'top' for displaying running processes. It also covers file manipulation commands like 'cp' for copying files, as well as shell scripting basics such as creating scripts and using variables, decision-making, and loops. Additionally, it provides examples of commands for displaying the date and calendar.

Uploaded by

Shyam Saini
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PROGRAM 1 : Program of ls command

ls command –(list directory)

The ls command display information about files and directories within a specified directory

 ls -l => (long listing format)

 ls -a => (show hidden files and directories)

 ls -h => (human readable format )

 ls -r =>( reverse order )

 ls -t => (time) show latest file

 ls -S => (size) show largest file

 ls -R => (recursively )

 ls -la => (show hidden files in long listing format)

 ls -lt => (show present file in long listing format )

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 2: Program of pwd command
pwd => (print working directories/present working directory)

pwd -P => (physical or working path of the working directory)

pwd -L =>(logical or symbolic path of working directory)

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 3: Program of creating a file and changing a directory
cd => (change the directory)

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 4: Program of top command
top => (table of processes)

The top command shows a real time view of running process and display task . The
command also provide a system information summary that shows resource utilization,
including CPU and memory .

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 5: Program of dig command
dig => (Domain Information Groper)

Dig is a linux command that performs DNS lookup by querying name server and display the
result to you.

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 6: Program of creating a file and copying a file into directory
cp => (copy)

cp [Link] [Link] –(to copy the content of file 1 into file 2)

OUTPUT :

cp
[Link] dir1 –(copy file 1 into directory 1)

OUTPUT :

cp
[Link] [Link] dir1 –(copy file1 and file 2 into directory 1)

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 7: Program of cal command
cal => calendar

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 8: Program of date command

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 9: Program of cat command
cat => concatenates file together

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 10: Write a shell script to print “Hello World”
Shell Scripting:- The bash script is a text file that contain set of instruction that can be
executed in the terminal

OUTPUT:
PROGRAM 11: Write a shell script to display date in the Y/M/D format
 date => display date

 date ‘+%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’ => display date in the format of Y/M/D with
hour/minute/seconds

 date -d ‘5 days ago’ => display date of 5 days ago

OUTPUT:
PROGRAM 12: Local, global and constant variable in shell script

Local variable :-

OUTPUT :

Global variable :-
OUTPUT :

Constant variable :-

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 13: Decision making in shell script

a) if-else

OUTPUT :

b) elif
OUTPUT :

C) case-sac

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM 14: Loop in shell script

a) for loop:

i) Number

OUTPUT:

ii) Name

OUPUT :
b) while loop

OUTPUT :

c) until loop
OUPUT :

d) infinite loop

OUPUT :
PROGRAM 15: Functions in shell script

OUPUT :

2) Arguments in function
OUTPUT :

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