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Tutorial 2 Solution

The document presents solutions to various questions related to zero and first order systems in instrumentation and measurement. It includes calculations for sensitivity, time constants, and output responses for different input types. Each question is followed by a detailed solution involving mathematical equations and graphs.

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4 views8 pages

Tutorial 2 Solution

The document presents solutions to various questions related to zero and first order systems in instrumentation and measurement. It includes calculations for sensitivity, time constants, and output responses for different input types. Each question is followed by a detailed solution involving mathematical equations and graphs.

Uploaded by

tha076bam044
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

Tutorial 2.
Zero and First Order Systems

Q.1
Solution:
Sensitivity of (a) Transducer = 0.3 Ω/oC
(b) Wheatstone Bridge = 0.01 V/ Ω
(c) Amplifier Gain = 80 V/V
(d) Pen Recorder = 0.12 cm/V

Overall Sensitivity = 0.3 Ω/oC x 0.01 V/ Ω x 80 V/V x 0.12 cm/V


= 0.0288 cm/ oC

Temperature change corresponding to a recorder pen movement of 3cm


o
= C

Q.2
Solution:
Sensitivity of instrument = slope of the curve = = 0.0152 V/rpm

50
45
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ( volts )

40
35
30
25
20 𝑑𝑦
15
𝑑𝑥
10
5
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
ANGULAR VELOCITY ( rev./min.)
Q.3
Solution:
The given equation is:
Which is in the form
Where

Time Constant

Static Sensitivity m/oC

Q.4
Solution:
Time Constant
Ratio of output to input signal ( )

For first order instrument in step input,

( ) ( )

Solve for

Q.5
Solution:
Time Constant

(a)
Temperature after t=10s = ( )
(a)
Temperature after t = 10s = ( )

Q.6
Solution:
Initial Temperature Ti = 20oC
Temperature of liquid bath To = 150oC
Indicated Temperature T = 95oC
Time Interval t = 3s

We have,
( )
Solve for [Ans: ]

Indicated temperature after five time constants i.e. time (t) = 5

= ( )

= ( )

Q.7
Solution:
Time Constant
Static Sensitivity mV/oC

Since the temperature change occurs at a constant rate, the type of


input is ramp input.

For ramp input, we have:


( )

where

( )

Q.8
Solution:
120

100
TEMPERATURE (oC)

80

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
TIME (s)

For the response shown in graph,


( )
Taking the last data where temperature is 99oC when time is 18s:
or, ( )
solve for
Given: Temperature variation every second =

Q.9
Solution:
Time Constant
Since output signal is 0.8 times the amplitude of input signal, so

For sinusoidal input,

√
or,
√

Squaring both sides and solving for ω, we get ω = 0.0597 Hz

Q.10
Solution:
Maximum frequency content f = 100 Hz
So,

Amplitude inaccuracy = 5% = 0.05

Amplitude of Output Ao = Amplitude of Input Ai – 5% of Ai

Hence,

Solving for , we get


Q.11
Solution:
The input signal is

For

We have,

(i) When τ = 2s (k=1):

and ф = tan-1(ωτ) = 21.8o

(ii) When τ = 0.02s:

and ф = tan-1(ωτ) = 0.23o

For
We have,

(i) When τ = 2s (k=1):

and ф' = tan-1(- ωτ) = 76o


(ii) When τ = 0.02s:

and ф" = tan-1(- ωτ) = 2.3o

→Output response
At τ = 2s:

At τ = 0.02s:

Q.12
Solution:
τ = 0.3s ; K = 0.04 mV/oC

For Step Input AB (0<t<0.6s)

( ) ( )
For Ramp Input BC

And

Hence, ( )

( )

At t = 0.6s, ( )

At t = 0.3s, ( )

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