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Tutorial 3 Solution

This document contains solutions to various problems related to second order systems in instrumentation and measurement. It includes calculations for natural frequency, damping ratio, amplitude ratio, and phase angle for different scenarios. Each question is followed by detailed mathematical solutions and results.

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5 views8 pages

Tutorial 3 Solution

This document contains solutions to various problems related to second order systems in instrumentation and measurement. It includes calculations for natural frequency, damping ratio, amplitude ratio, and phase angle for different scenarios. Each question is followed by detailed mathematical solutions and results.

Uploaded by

tha076bam044
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

Tutorial No. 3
SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS

Q.1
Solution:
Given differential equation is

where a1= 2.5 x 103, a2= 1, a0= 2x1010 and b0= 1011

Natural Frequency Wn = √ = 1.414 x 105 rad./s

Damping ratio ξ = = 8.84 x 10-3


√

Sensitivity Ratio K = = 5 pC

Q.2
Solution:
Natural Frequency Wn = 3 Hz
Damping ratio ξ = 0.5
Frequency W = 2 Hz

µb = =

Amplitude Ratio= = 1.1523

Let ф be the phase angle for input.

= - 50.19°
Q.3
Solution:
Moment of Inertia I = 200 x 10-3 kg.m2
Frequency ω = 2 rad./s
Torsion Constant K = 1.5 Nm/rad.

Natural Frequency Wn = √ = 2.7386 rad./s

µb = = = 0.73

Maximum Error = + 10 %

Amplitude Ratio = = = = 1 + 0.1 = 1.1

For second order system,

Put = 1.1 and solve for

ξ = 0.5342 Ans.
Q.4
Solution:
Undamped frequency fn = 60 KHz = 60 x 103 Hz
Damping Ratio ξ = 0.6

Wn = 2πfn = 12π x 104 rad./s


qis = 800 KPa

Frequency f = 30 KHz = 30 x 103 Hz


So,
ω = 2πf = 2π x 30 x 103 = 6π x 104 rad./s

µb = = = 0.50

The amplitude ratio for second order system is:

Amplitude Ratio = =

solve for
= 832.92 KPa Ans.

% Error = = 4.115 %
Q.5
Solution:
Frequency f = 0.5 Hz
So, ω = 2πf = π rad./s
=

Since input has unit amplitude, so =1

Given equation is :

Comparing with standard equation of second order instrument,


we get:

Static Sensitivity K = = = 0.4

ωn = √ = 5 rad./s

Damping Ratio ξ = = 0.5


√

Amplitude Ratio = =

Solve for
Ans:
Since ξ = 0.5, which is less than 1, so the output frequency is
under damped.

= √
or, 2πf = 5 √  f = 0.68916 Hz

Let ф be the phase lag.

-1
Ф = tan ( )  ф = - 46.073o

Q.6
Solution:
Natural frequency ωn = 100 Hz

Damping Ratio ξ = 0.7


Frequency ω = 40 Hz

For Second Order System,


= = 0.4

Amplitude Ratio = =
Let ф be the phase lag. [( ) ( ) ]

-1
Ф = tan ( )  ф = - 33.7o

Range of Amplitude Ratio = 1.00 0.01


So, has range of m1 = 0.99 and m2 = 1.01

We have, m =
√[( ) ( ) ]

For m1:
0.99 =
√[( ( ) ) ( ) ]

Let ( )
On solving we get:

Solving quadratically for and taking the positive value, we get:

i.e. ( )
For m2:
1.01 =
√[( ( ) ) ( ) ]

Let ( )
On solving we get:
Solving quadratically, we get imaginary roots, i.e. negative
values. As frequency cannot be negative, we take as zero.

Q.7
Solution:
Natural Frequency ωn = 10 Hz

Damping ratio ξ = 0.3

Resonant Frequency = √

Magnitude Ratio = | |= = 1.84 Hz


√

Bandwidth

= = 0.90554
Amplitude Ratio = =

Ans: 1.747

For Steady state error to unit ramp input:

Error =

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