Algebra
Learning Unit
Introduction to
01
Algebra
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Topics to be Discussed
Polynomials
Linear Equations
Quadratic Equations
Cubical Equations
Identities
Inverse Functions
Symmetric Equations
Value Putting Method
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BASIC TERMS
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Polynomials
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Based on Powers
Linear Equation
Quadratic Equation
Cubical Equation
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Based on Number of Terms
Monomial
Binomial
Trinomial
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Linear Equation in
02
Two Variables
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Linear Equation in Two Variables
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Question
𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎 and 𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 = 𝟐𝟒, then the value of x and y is
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Question
The lines 𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 = 𝟓 and 𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 = 𝟒 intersect at the point
(1, 2)
(2, 1)
(5/2, 0)
(0, 2)
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Solubility of
03
Linear Equations
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Solubility of Linear Equations
Consistent System: If a system gives a solution (or) solutions, it is
said to be consistent.
Inconsistent System: If a system gives no solution, it is said to
be inconsistent.
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Consistent System
Unique solution
Infinite solutions
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Inconsistent System
No solution
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Conditions for Number of Solutions
Let ax + by + c = 0 and Ax + By + C = 0 be two linear equations
Conditions:
𝒂 𝒃
Unique solution: ≠
𝑨 𝑩
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
Infinite solutions: = =
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
No solution: = ≠
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
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Question
Find the value of 'k' for which the system of equations 4x + 6y = 7 and
6x + (k + 4)y - 21 = 0 has a unique solution.
(a) k = 5
(b) k ≠ 5
(c) k = 7
(d) k ≠ 7
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Question
For the following equations, what are the values of a and b to have infinitely
many solutions?
ax + by = 2
3x - (5 - 2a)y = 6
(a) a = - 1, b = - 1
(b) a = - 1, b = 1
(c) a = 1, b = - 1
(d) a = 1, b = 1
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Question
For what value of k (k > 0) will the lines 5x + ky - 2 = 0 and (k + 1)x + 4y + 7 = 0
be parallel?
(a) 2
(b) 5
(c) 3
(d) 4
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Linear Equation in
04
Three Variables
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Linear Equation in Three Variables
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Question
The solution of the following equations is:
5x + 4y - 8z = 1
7x - 9y + z = - 1
2x + 3y - 4z = 1
(a) x = - 1, y = 1, z = 1
(b) x = 1, y = 1, z = 1
(c) x = 1, y = - 1, z = 1
(d) x = 1, y = 1, z = - 1
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Roots of
05
Quadratic Equation
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General Form of a Quadratic Equation
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Roots of Quadratic Equation
If 𝜶 and 𝜷 are the roots of the quadratic equation
𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐛
Sum of the roots 𝛂 + 𝛃 = −
𝐚
𝐜
Product of the roots 𝛂𝛃 =
𝐚
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Roots of Quadratic Equation
For a quadratic equation, 𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 where a ≠ 0, the roots will be
given by the equation as
−𝐛± 𝐛 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐚𝐜
𝐱= 𝟐𝐚
If b2 = 4ac, then roots are real and equal.
If b2 > 4ac, then roots are real and different.
If b2 < 4ac, then roots are imaginary.
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Question
A root of equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (where a, b, c are rational numbers) is
𝑎2+ 𝑏2+ 𝑐 2
5 + 3√3. What is the value of ?
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
35/3
37/3
−105/11
−105/13
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Question
If α and β are the roots of 6x 2 + 13x + 7 = 0, then the equation whose roots
are α2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 β2 is:
a) 36x 2 - 87x + 49 = 0
b) 36x 2 - 85x + 49 = 0
c) 36x 2 - 87x - 49 = 0
d) 36x 2 + 87x - 49 = 0
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Summary
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Algebra
Maximum & Learning Unit
Minimum Value of a 07
Quadratic Equation
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Maximum Value of a Quadratic Equation
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Minimum Value of a Quadratic Equation
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Question
Find the minimum value of 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 − 9 .
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Question
Find the maximum value of 5 + 20𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 , when x is a real number.
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Roots of
09
Cubical Equation
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Roots of Cubical Equation
If 𝛂, 𝛃 and 𝛄 are the roots of the cubical equation
𝐚𝐱 𝟑 + 𝐛𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐱 + 𝐝 = 𝟎
𝐛
Sum of the roots, 𝛂 + 𝛃 + 𝛄 = −
𝐚
𝐝
Product of the roots, 𝛂𝛃𝛄 = −
𝐚
c
Sum of product of roots, 𝛂𝛃 + 𝛃𝛄 + 𝛂𝛄 =
a
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Question
If α, β and γ are the roots of the cubical equation x 3 − 6x 2 + 11x − 6 =
0, then find the following
i) α + β + γ =?
ii) α. β. γ =?
iii) α. β + β. γ + α. γ =?
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Question
If x, y, z are the three factors of 𝑎3 – 7𝑎 – 6, then the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 will be
3a
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Factors &
10
Remainders
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Factors & Remainders
Factor theorem - If (x-a) is a factor of polynomial f(x) then f(a) = 0 .
Remainder theorem - When a polynomial f(x) of degree ≥ 1 is divided by (x-a) then
the remainder will be f(a).
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Question
Find the remainder, when 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 is divisible by 𝑥 + 1.
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Question
If 𝑥 − 2 is a factor of 𝑥 2 + 3𝑄𝑥 − 2𝑄, then the value of Q is
-2
-1
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Algebraic Identities 11
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Algebraic Identities
a+b 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
a−b 2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab
a+b 2 + a−b 2 = 2 a2 + b2
a+b 2 − a−b 2 = 4ab
a2 − b2 = a + b a − b
a+b+c 2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 + 2 ab + bc + ca
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Algebraic Identities
a+b 3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab a + b
a3 + b3 = a + b a2 + b2 − ab
a−b 3 = a3 − b3 − 3ab(a − b)
a3 − b3 = a − b a2 + b2 + ab
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Squares
a4 + b4 + a2 b2 = (a2 +b2 + ab)(a2 + b2 − ab)
a2 + b2 + ab = (a + b + ab)(a + b − ab)
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Algebraic Identities
a3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca)
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Learning Unit
Squares 12
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Question
Simplify the given expression:
(1 − 2x)2 −(1 + 2x)2
a) -8x
b) 8x
c) 2 + 8x 2
d) - (2 + 8x 2)
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Question
If the sum of two numbers x and y is 12 and their product is 27, then find the
sum of their cubes.
(a) 657
(b) 576
(c) 765
(d) 756
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Question
The term to be added to 121𝑎2 + 64𝑏 2 to make it a perfect square is
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Question
The term, that should be added to 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥, so that the resulting expression
is a perfect square.
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Question
If a = 23 and b = −29, then the value of 25a2 + 40ab + 16b2 =?
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Question
If a + b = 12, ab = 22, then a2 + b2 is equal to
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Question
p q
If p + q = 10 and pq = 5, then the numerical value of + will be?
q p
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Question
If x 2 − y 2 = 80 and x − y = 8, then the average of x and y is
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Summary
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Algebra
Question
17 17 2 2 17 4
× + × − × is equal to
15 15 15 15 15 15
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Question
75.8 2 − 55.8 2
is equal to
20
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Question
2.697 − 0.498 2 + 2.697 + 0.498 2
The value of
2.697 × 2.697 + 0.498 × 0.498
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Question
1 1 1 1
𝑥+ 𝑥− 𝑥2 + 2 − 1 𝑥2 + 2 + 1 =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑥6 +
𝑥6
1
𝑥8 +
𝑥8
1
𝑥8 −
𝑥8
1
𝑥6 −
𝑥6
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Summary
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Algebra
Question
5+1 5−1 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑏
If 𝑎 = , 𝑏= , then the value of is
5−1 5+1 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑏
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Question
If a2 + b2 + c 2 = 576 and (ab + bc + ca) = 50, then what is the value of (a + b
+ c), If
(a + b + c) < 0?
a) ±26
b) −24
c) −26
d) ±24
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Question
If a2 + b2 + ab = 18, a + b + ab = 6, then find ab.
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Question
If a4 + b4 + a2 b2 = 273 and a2 + b2 − ab = 21 , then one of the value of
1 1
+ .
𝑎 𝑏
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Cubes 18
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Question
If (x + y) = 36 then find 𝑥 − 27 3 + 𝑦 − 9 3
(a) 1
(b) 81
(c) 2y
(d) 0
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Question
3
If 𝑥 = 5 + 2, then the value of 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 13 is
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Question
1 2
If 𝑥 = 2 − 2 + 2 , find 𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 18 =?
3 3
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Question
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑏
If 𝑎 = 11 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 9, then the value of is
𝑎3 − 𝑏3
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Question
If 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7, then the value of 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 21𝑥𝑦 is
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Question
1 1
If 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 35, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5, then the value of + will be
𝑥 𝑦
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Question
If 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = 27, then 𝑎 + 𝑏 is
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Question
𝑎 𝑏
If + − 1 = 0, then the value of 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 is
𝑏 𝑎
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Question
1 1 1
If = + , then the value of 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 is
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
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Summary
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Learning Unit
Cubes 18
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Question
If 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 3 − 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 3 = 𝑦 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 , then what is the value of
2𝐴 − 𝐵 ?
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Question
If 𝑥 6 − 512𝑦 6 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐴𝑦 2 𝑥 4 − 𝐵𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑦 4 , then the value of
(𝐴 + 𝐵 − 𝐶) is
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Question
If (5√5x3 − 81√3y3) ÷ (√5x − 3√3y) = (Ax2 + By2 + Cxy), then the value of
(6A + B − √15 C) is
10
15
12
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Special Formula 23
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Question
If a + b + c = 5 and ab + bc + ca = 7 then the value of a3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc is:
(a) 20
(b) 25
(c) 15
(d) 30
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Question
If a + b + c = 5 and a2 + b2 + c 2 = 15 then find the value of
a3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc − 27.
(a) 23
(b) 27
(c) 25
(d) 21
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Question
If ab + bc + ca = 8 and a2 + b2 + c 2 = 20 then the possible value of
1 2 2
(a + b + c) [ a − b + b − c + c − a 2] is:
2
(a) 72
(b) 56
(c) 84
(d) 80
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Question
If x = 222 y = 223 and z = 224 then find the value of x³ + y³ + z³ - 3xyz
(a) 2007
(b) 2004
(c) 2006
(d) 2005
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Question
If a + b = c then the expression a3 + b3 − c 3 + 3abc will be equal to:
(a) 0
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1
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Question
If x + y + z = 6, then the value of x − 1 3 + y−2 3 + z−3 3 is
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Question
If a = 1.21, b = 2.12 and c = −3.33, then the value of a3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc is
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Sum of Squares 25
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Sum of Squares
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Question
If x − 3 2 + y−5 2 + z−4 2 = 0, then the value of 3x + 4y + 5z is
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Question
If a2 + b2 + c 2 + 3 = 2 a − b − c , then the value of 2a − b + c is
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Question
If 10x 2 + y 2 + 6xy + 2x + 1 = 0, then the value of 3x + 4y is
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Question
If a2 + b2 + 64c 2 + 16c + 3 = 2 a + b , then the value of 4a + 2b + 7c is
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Summary
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Algebra
Inverse Functions Learning Unit
in 26
Algebraic Identities
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Inverse Functions in Algebraic Identities
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Formulas
𝟏
𝐈𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐱 = 𝐚,
𝟏
𝐱𝟐 + 𝐱𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝟐
𝟏
𝐱𝟑 + 𝐱𝟑 = 𝐚𝟑 − 𝟑𝐚
𝟏 𝟐
𝐱𝟒 + 𝐱𝟒 = 𝐚𝟐 − 𝟐 −𝟐
𝟏
𝐱𝟓 + 𝐱𝟓 = (𝐚𝟐−𝟐) (𝐚𝟑 − 𝟑𝐚) − 𝐚
𝟏 𝟐
𝐱𝟔 + 𝟔 = 𝐚𝟑 − 𝟑𝐚 −𝟐
𝐱
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Question 1
1 1
If 𝑎 + = 12, find 𝑎2 + .
𝑎 𝑎2
a) 144
b) 146
c) 142
d) 140
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Question 2
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 5, find 𝑥 4 + .
𝑥 𝑥4
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Question 3
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 6, find 𝑥 3 + .
𝑥 𝑥3
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Summary
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Algebra
Inverse Functions Learning Unit
in 27
Algebraic Identities
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Inverse Functions in Algebraic Identities
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Formulas
𝟏
If 𝒙 − 𝒙 = 𝒂,
𝟏
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐
𝟏
𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟒 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐 −𝟐
𝟏
𝒙𝟓 − 𝒙𝟓 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂 − 𝒂
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟔 + 𝟔 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂 +𝟐
𝒙
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Question 1
1 1
If 𝑥 − = 3, then 𝑥 2 + =?
𝑥 𝑥2
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Question 2
1 1
If 𝑥 − = 4, then 𝑥 3 − =?
𝑥 𝑥3
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Question 3
1 1
If 𝑥 − = 9, then 𝑥 4 + =?
𝑥 𝑥4
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Summary
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Algebra
Inverse Functions Learning Unit
in 28
Algebraic Identities
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Inverse Functions in Algebraic Identities
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Formulas
𝟏 𝟏
If 𝒙𝒏 + = 𝒂, then 𝒙𝒏 − = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒
𝒙𝒏 𝒙𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
If 𝒙𝒏 − = 𝒂, then 𝒙𝒏 + = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟒
𝒙𝒏 𝒙𝒏
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Question 1
1 1
If 𝑥 − = 6, find 𝑥 2 − .
𝑥 𝑥2
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Question 2
1 1
If 𝑎 = (a > 0), then the value of 𝑎 + is
𝑎−5 𝑎
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Question 3
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 4, find 𝑥 4 − .
𝑥 𝑥4
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Question 4
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 3, find 𝑥 6 − .
𝑥 𝑥6
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Inverse Functions 29
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Inverse Functions
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Question 1
1 2 1
If 𝑎 + = 5, then 𝑎 − 2 + 2 is
𝑎−2 𝑎−2
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Question 2
3 1
If 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑏 = 1, 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 5 = 0, then 𝑥 − 𝑎 − 3 is
𝑥−𝑎
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Question 3
1
If 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 5, then the value of 𝑥 + 3 3 + 3 is
𝑥+3
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Question 4
1
If 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 59 = 0, then the value of 𝑥 − 6 2 + 2 is
𝑥−6
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Summary
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Algebra
Learning Unit
Inverse Functions 30
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Inverse Functions
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Question 1
If 𝑥 = 2 + 3, then
1
i) 𝑥 2 + =?
𝑥2
1
ii) 𝑥 3 + =?
𝑥3
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Question 2
1
If 𝑥 = 5 + 2 6, find 𝑥 3 − .
𝑥3
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Summary
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Learning Unit
Inverse Functions 31
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Inverse Functions
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Question 1
1 1
If 3𝑥 + = 3, then 9𝑥 2 + =?
5𝑥 25𝑥2
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Question 2
1 1
If 2𝑥 + = 4, then 27𝑥 3 + =?
3𝑥 8𝑥3
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Question 3
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 1, then 64𝑥 3 + =?
16𝑥 64𝑥3
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Learning Unit
Inverse Functions 32
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Inverse Functions
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Question 1
If 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0, then what is the value of 𝑥 9 + 𝑥 7 − 194𝑥 5 − 194𝑥 3?
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Question 2
If 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0, then 𝑥 9 + 𝑥 7 − 47𝑥 5 − 47𝑥 3 =?
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Question 3
If 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0, then 𝑥 13 + 𝑥 7 − 123𝑥 8 − 123𝑥 2=?
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Learning Unit
Reverse Order 33
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Reverse Order (Squares)
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Reverse Order (Cubes)
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Question 1
1 1
If 𝑥 2 + = 47, then 𝑥 + =?
𝑥2 𝑥
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Question 2
1 1
If 𝑥 4 + = 322, then 𝑥 + =?
𝑥4 𝑥
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Question 3
1 1
If 𝑥 8 + = 47, then 𝑥 2 + =?
𝑥8 𝑥2
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Summary
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Learning Unit
Special Conditions 34
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Special Conditions
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Formulae
1
If 𝑥 + = 2, then 𝑥 = 1
𝑥
1
If 𝑥 + = −2, then 𝑥 = −1
𝑥
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Formulae
1
If 𝑥 + = 1, then 𝑥 3 + 1 = 0
𝑥
1
If 𝑥 + = −1, then 𝑥 3 − 1 = 0
𝑥
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Formulae
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 3, then 𝑥 3 + = 0, 𝑥 6 + 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑥3
1 1
If 𝑥 + = − 3, then 𝑥 3 + = 0, 𝑥 6 + 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑥3
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Question 1
1
If 𝑥 + = 2, then 𝑥 98 + 𝑥 57 − 𝑥 −10 + 2 =?
𝑥
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Question 2
1 1
If 𝑥 + = −2, then 𝑥 197 − =?
𝑥 𝑥197
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Question 3
1
If 𝑥 + = 3, find 𝑥 91 + 𝑥 85 + 𝑥 73 + 𝑥 67 + 𝑥 6 + 2 =?
𝑥
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Question 4
1 1
If 𝑥 + = 3, find 𝑥 92 + .
𝑥 𝑥92
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Question 5
1
If 𝑥 + = − 3, find 𝑥 291 − 𝑥 285 + 𝑥 54 + 𝑥 48 + 1.
𝑥
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Summary
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Learning Unit
Symmetric
37
Equation
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Symmetric Equation
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Question 1
For real values of a, b and c. If 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎, then the value of
𝑎+𝑐
is
𝑏
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Question 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
If 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0 and 𝑧 ≠ 0 and + + = + + , then the relation
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦𝑧 𝑧𝑥
among 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 is
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Question 3
𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
If 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐, then the value of + + =?
𝑏𝑐 𝑎 − 1 𝑎𝑐 𝑏 − 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 − 1
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Question 4
4𝑥 − 3 4𝑦 − 3 4𝑧 − 3 1 1 1
If + + = 0, + + =?
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
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Question 5
𝑚 − 𝑎2 𝑚 − 𝑏2 𝑚 − 𝑐2
If + + 2 2 = 3, then the value of ′m′ is
𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎 +𝑏
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2
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Learning Unit
Miscellaneous 37
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Question
Complete factorization of 𝑥4 + 64 is
𝑥2 + 8 2
𝑥2 + 8 𝑥2 − 8
(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 8)
(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8)
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Question
If x − y = 2, xy = 24, then the value of x 2 + y 2 is
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Question
If ax + by = 6, bx − ay = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 a2 + b2 = 4, find x 2 + y 2 .
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Question
𝑎2 − 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐
If 𝑎 = 0.25, 𝑏 = −0.05, 𝑐 = 0.5, then the value of is
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 2
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Question 3
If 𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 1 = 0, then the value of 𝑎9 is
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