CHAPTER

Body Mechanics

TRUE OR FALSE The way in which body parts are

aligned with one another is called
Circle T for true, or circle F for false. base ofsupport.
Ie ike as Log-rolling keeps the spine straight. 10. The skin sticking to a surface,
causing the muscles to slide in the
z 3 lee When you lift, move, or carry
direction the body is moving, is
objects, hold them with your arms
called skinning.
extended.
11. Another name for a transfer or safety
When lifting an object from the
belt is a gait belt.
floor, bend from the waist.
12. Turning the client as a unit in
By using two or more people to help
alignment in one motion is called
a heavy, weak, or very old client
body mechanics.
moye up in bed, you protect only
the client from injury. ts. Another name for the back-lying
or dorsal recumbent position is the
In some agencies, a turning pad can
supine posttion.
be an incontinence pad or a folded
sheet. 14. Another name for the side-lying
position is the sideline position.
When transferring a client to a chair,
choose a chair based primarily on 15. The semi-sitting position, with
how comfortable the chair will be. the head of the bed elevated 45 to
60 degrees, is called the Franklin
A client lying in bed or sitting in a position.
chair should be repositioned every 3
to 4 hours. 16. A left-side-lying position in which
the upper leg is sharply flexed is
Rubbing of one surface against
called the Sims’ position.
another is called friction.
62 CHAPTER 14 Body Mechanics :

72 TF Another word for posture is body —* 29. “TA A transfer belt is used on men who
mechanics. have poorly fitting trousers to keep
them from falling down.
18. T F A turning sheet or pad is also called a
transfer sheet or lift pad. 30. Ty cE The seat of the wheelchair is padded
to promote the client’s comfort.
19.77) -F Sitting on the edge of the bed is
called edging. 6 nad bel 2 Mechanical lifts are used when a
client cannot assist with a transfer.
20; 1 EF ‘The position in which the client is
placed on his abdomen with his head Soe bls, ot The number of staff members
turned to one side is called the drone needed to transfer a client from the
position. bed to a chair or wheelchair depends
on the client’s physical abilities and
Zt) A chair used to move clients from condition.
one place to another is called a
wheelchair. eo eed Ge © The Sims position is the right-side-
lying position.
227 tor You can provide a better base of
support for lifting by standing with 34. T F The supine position is a back-lying
your legs and feet apart for a wide position.
base of support.
35.) ak ‘The prone position is difficult for ill
230 TSF Providing a good base of support will clients to maintain.
help to reduce the risk of injury.
36. T F When in the supine position, ankles
24. T F When you move a client up in bed, should be elevated on two pillows.
it is important to protect the skin
from shaving. 37201) 4B ‘The stroke position is also known as
the lateral position.
255 PE You should place the pillow against
the headboard when moving a client 38. T F To correctly lift an object from the
up in bed to prevent her head from floor, you should use muscles in your
hitting the headboard. shoulders, upper arms, hips, and
thighs.
26. T F The level of the bed should be raised
horizontally when the client is being
repositioned to reduce the amount of
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
work the support worker has to do. From the list below, choose all of the correct
answers.
1nd Waneof Two staff members work together
when raising an older client’s head 39. When working together, two co-workers
oe . >

and shoulders to provide more can ensure they move the client at the
support, for clients with fragile same time by:
bones and joints. A. One person communicating directions
when lifting
28. T F A transfer pad is used to keep B. Counting to 10
the bedding neater and to reduce C. Lifting together
wrinkling.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 CHAPTER 14 Body Mechanics 63

40. Itis important fora support worker to follow 43. What observations should you make when
the guidelines for good body mechanics. the client is dangling the legs?
These guidelines are: A. Pulse and respirations (if instructed to
a Assess the situation before you begin do so)
lifting B. ‘The length of time the person’s legs
B. Face your work area dangled
C. Bend your back and squat when lifting C. Complaints of dizziness, light-
D. Tighten your stomach muscles and tuck headedness, or difficulty breathing
in your pelvis as you lift D. How well the activity was tolerated
E. Hold objects close to your body when E. ‘The amount of assistance that you wish
lifting, moving, or carrying them you had
F. Avoid unnecessary bending and
reaching 44. Before using a lift, make sure:
G. ‘Turn your whole body in sections A. ‘The client has read the lift policy for
when changing the direction of your your agency
movement B. You are trained to use the lift
C. The lift works
41. How can you provide comfort and safety to a D. The client’s weight does not exceed the
client being lifted or moved in bed? lift’s weight limit
A. Check with your supervisor and the
care plan about limits or restrictions in 45. When you position a client, you should
moving or positioning that client. follow these safety regulations:
While you are moving the client, decide A. Check with the care plan for the best
how to move the client and how much position for the client.
help you need. B. Ask the client when you should
Ask for help before starting the move. reposition her.
ke Communicate
Stent directions with your C. Use good body mechanics.
helper by counting 1—2—3 and then D. Ask for help before beginning the
moving together. process.
Move the client in one large movement. Explain the procedure to the client after
Cover and screen the client for privacy. performing the procedure.
Make sure tubes or drainage containers E Be gentle when moving the client.
connected to the client are not pulled, G. Provide for privacy.
tangled, or pinched during the move. H. Leave the client in good body
H. Position the client in good alignment alignment.
after the move. I. Use pillows as directed in the care plan
I. Make sure linens are wrinkle-free after for comfort and support.
moving the client. J. |Make sure linens are wrinkle-free
by tucking the top sheet under the
42. Log-rolling is used to turn: mattress.
A. Clients with arthritic spines K. In facilities, place the call bell within
B. Clients recovering from hip fractures the client’s reach.
C. Clients with spinal cord injuries
D. Clients with facial injuries
E. Clients recovering from spinal cord
surgery

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

64 CHAPTER 14 Body Mechanics a

46. What are the benefits of repositioning a 51. Mr. John Dunlop is turned as a unit, with
client frequently? one motion. ‘This is called:
A. Promotes comfort and well-being A. Body mechanics
B. Makes breathing easier B. Log-rolling
C. Keeps linens cleaner and fresher C. Ergonomics
smelling D. The safety roll
D. Helps prevent many complications
(e.g., pressure ulcers and contractures) 52s Mrs. Renee Nadeau has slid down in bed.
Her skin sticks to the bed while her muscles
move down. This is called:
MULTIPLE CHOICE A. Friction
Circle the correct answer. B. Abrasion
C. Tension
47. A transfer sheet or pad is used by placing it D. Shearing
under the client:
A. From the head to above the knees LeP When you are giving bedside care, the bed
B. From the shoulders to the hips should be:
C. From the head to the hips A. At its lowest horizontal level
D. From the shoulders to the knees B. At its highest horizontal level
C. Level with your waist
48. Why should shoes with nonskid soles be D. In Fowler’s position
worn by the client being transferred to a
chair or wheelchair? 54. You need to move a client up in bed. To
A. To provide a good base of support reduce your risk of injury:
B. To make the client more steady on his A. Use a transfer belt
feet B. Raise the head of the bed prior to
C. To prevent the client sliding or slipping moving the client
on the floor C. Instruct the client to place both hands
D. To provide strength on the client's around your neck and shoulders
affected side D. Get assistance from a co-worker

49. When transferring a client to a stretcher: 55. To prevent falls during transfers, you should
A. ‘The client is moved by moving the head ensure that wheelchair or shower chair
first wheels are:
B. A transfer belt is used to lift the client A. Fully inflated
C. The head of the bed is raised before the B. Locked and aligned correctly
transfer C. Removed
D. Three or more staff members are needed D. Positioned sideways and at right angles
to the chair
50. Body alignment is:
A. ‘The way the head, trunk, and legs are 56. Mrs. Arja Gupta has less strength on her
aligned with each other left side. Where should you position the
The same as body mechanics wheelchair?
The base of support A. At the foot of the bed
gor The area on which an object rests B. At the head of the bed
C. Next to the bed on her left side
D. Next to the bed on her right side

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 CHAPTER 14 Body Mechanics 65

57. When you have to move, turn, or transfer a 59. A no-lift policy means:
client, it is always best to: A. You should not bend over to pick up
A. Use a transfer belt something that fell to the floor
B. Have a co-worker help you B. Mechanical lifts need to be used for
C. Follow the care plan lifting clients
D. Use a mechanical lift C. Only the special lift team is allowed to
lift clients
58. Before moving, turning, transferring, or D. Clients are not allowed to be lifted at
lifting a client, you should always: any time
A. Explain what you are going to do ina
way the client understands
B. Ask a co-worker to help you
C. Apply a transfer belt
D. Use a mechanical lift

FILL IN THE BLANKS

60. The position in which the client is placed on his abdomen with his head turned to one side is called
the position.

61. How can you make sure that you and a co-worker both move the person at the same time when
working together? b

62. When a turning pad or slider sheet is used,

and are reduced, and the person can be

63. Why should you move a person to the side of the bed before turning?

64. Why do you pad the seat of the wheelchair?

65. When are mechanical lifts used?

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

66 CHAPTER 14 Body Mechanics

FILL IN THE BLANKS P 69. The illustration below shows the

Complete each statement, referring to the illus- position, with thefeet positioned over ___
trations below.

66. The illustration below shows the

position.

70. The illustration below shows the

position.

67. The illustration below shows the

position.

71. When lifting correctly as in the images

below, which muscle groups are used?

68. The illustration below shows the

position, with a pillow placed under the

to prevent
pressure on the toes.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.