1 JRS TUTORIALS/MATHEMATICS/ADDITIONAL TOPIC-1 CLASS-X

A-1 GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

Geometric progression is a sequence in which the ratio of each term (except the first) to the
preceding term is constant. This constant is called the common ratio (r).
The standard G.P. is defined as: a, ar, ar2.............

Example: The sequence given below:

(i) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32................
(ii) 3, –6, 12, –24, 48................
1 1 1 1 1
(iii) , , , , ...............
4 12 36 108 324
1 1 1 1 1
(iv) , , , , ...............
5 30 180 1080 6480
(v) x, x2, x3 , x4, x5 ...........(where x is any fixed real number) are all geometric progressions.

The ratio of any term in (i) to the preceeding term is 2. The corresponding ratios in (ii), (iii), (iv)
1 1
and (v) are –2, , , and x respectively. The ratio of any term of a G.P. to the preceding term is
3 6
called the common ratio of the G.P.

 GENERAL TERM
a, ar, ar2 .............…… represents a geometric progression where a is the first term and r the
common ratio. This is called the general form of a G.P.
Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘r’ be the common ratio of a G.P. Then its nth term is
Tn  ar n 1

Ex-1: Find the (i) first term (ii) common ratio (iii) General term (iv) Sum to ‘n’ terms of the G.P.
x 1 y
, , ........
y x x3
x 1 y
Sol: Given G.P. , , 3 ...............
y x x
x
(i) The first term = t1 = a =
y
t2 x / y x 2
(ii) Common ratio, r =  
t1 1/ x y
(iii) General term of the G.P. = tn = arn–1
Substituting ‘a’ and ‘r’ in tn

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n 1
x  x2  x 2 n 1
 tn =   =
y  y yn

(iv) Sum to ‘n’ terms of a G.P. S n 

 
a r n 1
r  1
x   y  
n

   1
y x  2 
Substituting ‘a’ and ‘r’ in S n   
 y
 x2  1
 
3
Ex-2: The 6th and 13th terms of a G.P. are respectively equal to 24 and . Find the G.P. and the 20 th
16
term.
3
Sol: Given, t6 = 24 and t13 =
16
We Know, t6 = arn – 1
 t6 = ar6–1 = ar5 = 24 ............(1)
3
 t13 = ar13–1 = ar12 = ............(2)
16
Equation (1) and (2) are two equations in terms of the unknown variables ‘a’ and ‘r’.
Solving of (1) and (2) gives us the values of ‘a’ and ‘r’.
2 ar12 3 /16
  
1 ar 5 24
1 1
 r7 = 7  r =
2 2
We can find the value of ‘a’ by substituting the value of ‘r’ in the equation (1);
1
 ar5 = 24  a 5 = 24  a = 24 × 25 = 24 × 32 = 768
2
1
Thus first term of the G.P. = a = 768 and common ratio r =
2
The G.P. is 768, 384, 192, 96..............
1
Now let us write the 20 th term by substiuting a = 768, r = and n = 20 in tn = arn–1
2
1 3
 t20 = ar20–1 = 768 19 = 11
2 2
3
 The 20th term of G.P. is 11
2

Ex-3: Which term of the G.P. 2 , 6 ,3 2 ,3 6 .... is 243 2 ? Find the sum of these terms.
Sol: In the given G.P. the first term = a = 2 and
6
The common ratio = r = = 3
2
Let the nth term of the G.P. be 243 2

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 3 JRS TUTORIALS/MATHEMATICS/ADDITIONAL TOPIC-1 CLASS-X

   tn = a(r)n – 1 = 243 2 

 3  = 243
n1
   2 2

 3  = 243
n1
  

 3 =  3 
n1 10

   n – 1 = 10  n = 11
   The 11th term of the G.P. is 243 2
Substituting a = 2 , r = 3 and n = 11 in the formula.

Sn 

a r n 1 
We get the sum of the 11 terms
r  1

2 243 3  1 2 3 3 1 2  3  1
 
11


5
  
 S11 = = =
3 1 3 1 3 1

 SUM TO n TERMS OF A G.P.

Let a denote the first term andr the common ratio of a G. P. Let S n represent the sum of first n
terms of the G. P. Thus,
Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ... + arn–2 + ar n–1 …… (1)
Multiplying (1) by r, we get
rSn = ar + ar2 + .... + arn–2 + arn–1 + arn …… (2)
(1) – (2) ⇒ Sn – rSn = a – ar n
∴ Sn (1 – r) = a (1 – r n)

Sn 
 
a r n 1
r  1
Ex–4: Find the sum of the geometric series: 2  6  18  54............... 10 terms.
Sol: In the given G.P. the first term, a = 2 and the common ratio, r = 3

Now, S n 
a r n 1  
r  1
S10 

2 310  1 
3 1

=

2 310  1 
2
= 3 1
10

Ex–5: How many terms are there in the geometric progression 2,4,8………….128?
Sol: In the given G.P. the first term, a = 2 and the common ratio, r = 2
Let the nth term of the G.P. be 128.
   tn = a(r)n – 1 = 128
   2(2)n – 1 = 128
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 2n = 128 = 27
 n=7

Ex–6: Find the sum of the following series: 5  55  555  ...to n terms.
Sol: We have, 5  55  555  ...to n terms  51  11  111  ...to n terms]
5
 9  99  999  .....to n terms
9
 10  1  102  1  103  1  ...  10n  1 
5
9
 10  102  103  ...  10n   1  1  1  ...1 
5
9
 10  102  103  ...  10n   1  1  1  ...1 
5
9
5
 10 
10n  1  5 10  5
 n    10n  1  n   10n 1  10  9n 
9 10  1  9  9  81




Ex–7: If the continued product of three numbers in a G.P. is 216 and the sum of their products in pairs
is 156, find the numbers.
Sol: Let the three numbers be a/r, a, and ar. Then, product = 216.
Hence, a / r  a  ar  216  a3  216  a  6
Sum of the products in pairs is 156.
a
Hence, + a + ar = 156
r
1
r  
 a 2 + r +1 = 156  36 
 1+ r 2 + r 

 r
2
 = 15  3(1+ r + r ) = 13r

1
 3r 2 -10r + 3 = 0  r = ; r = 3
3

 SUM TO INFINITE TERMS OF A G.P.

If the number of terms are infinite and |r|<1
S  a  ar  ar 2  ar 3 ................
a
S 
1 r
1 1
Ex-8 Find the sum of the infinite sequence 7, –1, ,  , .........
7 49
1
Sol: The given sequence is a G.P. with a = 7 and r =  , so |r| = = < 1.
7
a 7 49
 S  = 
1 r 1   1/ 7  8

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 5 JRS TUTORIALS/MATHEMATICS/ADDITIONAL TOPIC-1 CLASS-X

 SELECTION OF TERMS A G.P.

No. Of terms Terms Common ratio

3 a r
, a, ar
r
4 a a r2
3
, , ar , ar 3
r r
5 a a r
2
, , a, ar , ar 2
r r

 PROPERTIES OF GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

Property – 1: If every term of a G.P. is multiplied or divided by a fixed term, then the resulting
series is also a G.P.
Property – 2: If every term of a G.P. is raised to the same power, the resulting series is also a
G.P.
Property – 3: The reciprocals of a G.P. is also a G.P.
Property –4: If the terms of given G.P. are choosen at regular intervals then the new sequence so
formed also forms a G.P.
Property – 5: In a finite G.P. the product of the terms equidistant from the beginning and the end
is always same and is equal to the product of first and the last term.
i.e., akan–k+1 = a1 rk–1 . a . rn–k = a2 rn–1
= a1 an k = 2, 3 ........ (n –1)
Property – 6: Three non-zero numbers a, b, c are an G.P. iff b2 = ac.

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 6 JRS TUTORIALS/MATHEMATICS/ADDITIONAL TOPIC-1 CLASS-X

EXERCISE – I

1. Find the 10th term of the G.P. 5, 25, 125, ….., Also find its nth term.
2. Find the 8th term of the G.P. 0.3, 0.06, 0.012, …..
3. Which term of the geometric sequence?
(i) 2 3 , 6, 6 3 , ..... is 1458 ? (ii) 3 , 3, 3 3 , ..... is 729 ?
(iii) 2, 8, 32, …. is 131072? (iv) 0.004, 0.02, 01, …. is 12.5?
1 1 1 1 1 1
(v) , , , ...... is ? (vi) ,  , 1,  2 ...... is 64
3 9 27 19683 4 2

4. If 5th and 8th terms of a G.P. be 48 and 384 respectively. Find the G.P. if terms of G.P. are real
numbers.
1 1
5. If the 6th and 10th terms of a G.P. are and respectively. Find the G.P. if its tems are real
16 256
numbers.

6. If the pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. are a, b, and c respectively. Prove that a q  r b r  p c p q  1

7. The fourth term of a G.P. is the square of its second term, and the first term is -3. Determine its 7th
terms.
8. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is -64 and the first term is four times the third.
Find the terms.
13
9. The sum of first three terms of a G.P. is and their product is -1. Find the common ratio and the
12
terms (Assume the terms of [Link] be real number).
10. Three numbers whose sum is 15 are in A.P. If 1, 4, 19 be added to them respectively, the resulting
numbers are in G.P. Find the numbers.

11. Find three numbers in G.P. whose sum is 52 and the sum of whose products in pairs is 624.

12. Find the sum of indicated terms of each of the following geometric progression.
1 1 1
(i). 1, 2, 3, 8……, 12 terms (ii). 1, , , , .... ; n terms
3 9 27
1 1 1
(iii). 0.15, 0.015, 0. 00015… , 20 terms (iv). 1,  , ,  , ....; n terms
2 4 8
(v). 1, 3, 9, 27, ….; 8 terms (vi). 1, –3, 9, –27, …..; 9 terms
(vii). x 2 , x 4 , x6 , ....; n terms ( x  1) (viii). 1,  a, a 2 ,  a3 , ....; n terms (a  1)
2 4
(ix). 1   ....; n terms and 5 terms
3 9

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13. How many terms of the series 1  2  22  ..... must be taken to make 511?
3 3 3069
14. How many terms of the series 3    ..... must be taken to make ?
2 4 512
15. Find the sum of the series
(i) 6  66  666  .... to n terms
(ii) 9  99  999  .... to n terms
(iii) 4  44  444  .... to n terms
(iv) 5  55  555  .... to n terms
(v) 7  77  777  .... to n terms
(vi) 0.6  0.66  0.666  .... to n terms
(vi) 0.5  0.55  0.555  .... to n terms

16. The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If there were 30 bacteria present
in the culture originally, how many bacteria will be present at the end of 2 nd hour, 4th hour and nth
hour.

17. A man deposited Rs. 10000 in a bank at the rate of 5% simple interest annually. Find the amount
in 15th year since he deposited the amount and also calculate the total amount after 20 years.

18. Ali buys a scooter for Rs. 2200. He pays Rs. 4000 cash and agrees to pay the balance in annual
installment of Rs. 1000 plus 10% interest on the unpaid amount. How much will the scooter cost
him?

19. Find the sum of infinite terms of each of the following geometric progression.
1 1
(i) 1  ................................
2 4
(iii) 0.15, 0.015, 0. 00015……………..
1 1
(v) 1  ................................
3 3
(vii) 1  x 2  x 4 ................................

(ix) 1  sin   sin 2  ................................

20. In a certain colony of cancerous cells, each cell breaks into two new cells every hour. If there is a
single productive cell at the start and this process continues for 9 hours, how many cells will the
colony have at the end of 9 hours? It is known that the life of an individual cell is 20 hours.

21. The product of 1st five terms of an increasing A.P. is 3840. If the 1st, 2nd and 4th terms of the
A.P. are in G.P. Find 10th term of the series.

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 8 JRS TUTORIALS/MATHEMATICS/ADDITIONAL TOPIC-1 CLASS-X

EXERCISE – Ii
1. Find the number of terms of the series 1/27, 1/9, 1/3,... 729.
1. 10 2. 11 3. 12 4. 13

2. If the fifth term of a G.P. is 80 and first term is 5, what will be the 4th term of the G.P.?
1. 20 2. 15 3. 40 4. 25

3. The 3rd and 8th term of a GP are 1/3 and 81, respectively. Find the 2nd term.
1. 3 2. 1 3. 1/27 4. 1/9

4. How many terms are there in the G.P. 5, 10, 20, 40,... 1280?
1. 6 2. 8 3. 9 4. 10

5. 7th term of the sequence 2 , 10 ,5 2 , ….is

1. 125 10 2. 25 2 3. 125 4. 125 2

6. If the 4th,7th and 10th terms of a GP are a,b and c respectively, then the relation between a, b and c
is
ac
1. b 2. a 2  bc 3. b 2  ac 4. c 2  ab
2
7. If the first term of a GP is 5 and common ratio is -5, then which of the following term is 3125?
1. 6th 2. 5th 3. 7th 4. 8th

8. If fifth term of a GP is 2, then the product of its 9 terms is

1. 256 2. 512 3. 1024 4. None of these
9. The 6th term of a GP is 32 and its 8th term is 128, then the common ratio of the GP is
1. -1 2. 2 3. 4 4. -4
10. If x, (2x+2),(3x+3) are in GP, then the fourth term is
1. 27 2. -27 3. 13.5 4. -13.5
11. The number which should be added to the numbers 2, 14, 62, so that the resulting numbers may
be in GP, is
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
12. The sum of a GP, with common ratio 3 is 364 and last term is 243, then the number of terms is
1. 6 2. 5 3. 4 4. 10
13. In a geometric progression {a n}, if a1=3,an=96 and sn = 189, then the value of n is
1. 5 2. 6 3. 7 4. 8

14. The geometric mean of the roots of x 2  18 x  9  0 , is

1. 3 2. 4 3. 2 4. 1
15. The sum of the first two terms of a GP is 1 and every term of this series is twice of its previous
term, then the first term will be
1 1 2 3
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 3 3 4

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EXERCISE – Iii
1. If the roots of the cubic equation ax 3  bx 2  cx  d are in GP, then
1. c 3a  b3d 2. ca 3  bd 3 3. a 3b  c 3 d 4. ab 3  cd 3

2. If x, y, z are in GP and a x  b y  c z , then

1. log a c  log b a 2. log b a  log c b
3. log c b  log a c 4. None of these
p r q
c b a
3. If the pth, qth and rth terms of a GP are a,b,c then       is equal to
b a  c 
p q r
1. 1 2. abc 3. aqbrcp 4. arbpcq

4. Three numbers are in GP such that their sum is 38 and their product is 1728. The greatest number
among them is
1. 18 2. 16 3. 14 4. None of these

5. If a, b and c are in GP, then

1. a2, b2 and c2 are in GP 2. a 2 (b  c) , b 2 (c  a) , c 2 (a  b) are in GP
a b c
3. . . 4. None of these
bc ca ab

6. The value of common ratio for which three successive terms of a GP are the sides of a triangle is
1. r>0 2. r(0,1)
 5 1 5 1 1  5 5  1
r   ,  r   
3.
2 2  4.  2 , 2 
   

7. Let 1, 1 are the roots of x 2  6 x  p  0 and 2, 2 are the roots of x 2  54 x  q  0 . If 1 , 1 ,
2, 2 form an increasing GP. Then, the value of
(q-p) is
1. 500 2. 520 3. 540 4. 560

8. The sum of the first three terms of the GP in which the difference between the second and the first
term is 6 and the difference between the fourth and the third term is 54,is
1. 39 2. -10.5 3. 27 4. -27

9. If 9th, 13th and 15th terms of an arithmetic progression are the first three terms of GP, where a =
80(1-r), then which of the following hold(s) well?
1. Sum of the first 16 terms of the GP is 860
2. First term of the arithmetic progression is 80
3. First term of the geometric progression is 40
4. If d is the common difference of arithmetic progression and r is the common ratio of GP,
5
then dr = -
2

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10. The sum of the series 6+66+666+……..upto n terms is

10n1  9n  10 2(10 n1  9n  10)
1. 2.
81 27
2(10  9n  10)
n
3. 4. None of these
27
a  a3  a5  ....a 49
11. If a1, a2…,a50 are in GP, then 1 is equal to
a 2  a 4  a6  ...  a50
a1 a 25
1. 0 2. 1 3. 4.
a2 a 24
12. The geometric mean of 7, 72, 73…..,7n is
n 1 n n 1
2
1. 7 2. 72 3. 7 2
4. None of these

13. The product of (32) (32)1/6(32)1/36 …upto  is

1. 16 2. 32 3. 64 4. 0

14. If five geometric means are inserted between 486 and 2/3, then fourth GM will be
1. 4 2. 6 3. 12 4. -6

1 1 1 1
15. If 1,2,3,….,n are first terms; , , ...., are common ratios and S1,S2,Sn are sums of n infinite
2 3 4 n 1
GP’s,then S1+S2+…..+Sn is equal to
n( n  1) n ( n  2) n(n  3)
1. 2. 3. 4. None of these
2 2 2
16. If ( x  y )  f ( x). f ( y ) for x,yN and f(1)=2, then the value of a for which
n

 f (a  k )  16(2
K 1
n
 1) is

1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 5

17. In a GP, first term is 1. If 4T2 + 5T3 is minimum, then its common ratio is
2 2 3 3
1. 2.  3. 4. 
5 5 5 5
1 1 1
18. If S denotes the sum to infinite and Sn the sum of n terms of the series 1    +….such that
2 4 8
1
S - Sn < , then the least value of n is
1000
1. 8 2. 9 3. 10 4. 11

19. If 1  cos   cos2   ....  2  2 , then  is equal to (0 <  < )

3   
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 4 6 8

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Paragraph for questions 20 and 21

Let a1, a2….., be an AP and b1,b2…..be a GP. The sequence c1, c2, c3 …., is such that cn = an+bn
 nN. Suppose c1 = 1, c2=4, c3=15 and c4=2

20. The common ratio of GP is

1. -2 2. -3 3. 2 4. 3

20
21. The value of a
i 1
i

1. 480 2. 770 3. 960 4. 1040

22. If in a GP, the 5th term is 8 times the second term and sum of its 1 st, 3rd and 6th terms is 111, then
what is the 7th term.
1. 192 2. 208 3. 224 4. 216

23. Four distinct numbers are in a Geometric Progression, whose first term and the common ratio are
both natural numbers. If the sum of the four numbers is 255, then find the Geometric Mean of the
highest and the 3rd highest numbers.
1. 48 2. 50 3. 68 4. Both 1 and 3

24. If p 2  q 2  q 4  q6  q8 + ….. where |q| < 1, then find ‘p’.

q  ( q  1) q q
1. 2. 3. 4.
1 q 2
q 1
2
q2 1 q2  1
1 7 25 79
25. What is the sum of the series    +….up to 30 terms?
3 9 27 81
1.
1 31
330

3 1  2.
3
1
30

29  330  1 
3.
1 31
330

3 1  4.
3
1
30

29  330  1 
26. Find the product of the first 12 terms of the sequence 3, 6, 12, 24,….
1. 266 × 312 2. 278 × 312 3. 255 × 312 4. 266 × 311

JRS TUTORIALS, Durgakund, Varanasi – 221 005 (U.P.) Ph. No. (0542) 2311922, 2311777, 7317347706
 12 JRS TUTORIALS/MATHEMATICS/ADDITIONAL TOPIC-1 CLASS-X

ANSWERs
EXERCISE-I

1. 510 , 5n 2. (0.3) (0.2) 7 3. (i) 12 (ii) 14 (iii) 9 (iv) 6 (v) 9 (vi) 9

1 1 1 1
4. 3, 6, 12, 24, … 5. 2, 1, , , ..... or  2, 1,  , 7. -2187
2 4 2 4
3 4 3
8. 8, -4, 2 or -8, -4, -2 9. r   , G.P. is ,  1,
4 3 4
10. 2, 5, 8 or 26, 5, -16 11. 4, 12, 36 or 36, 12, 4

3 1 1 2
12. (i) 4095 (ii) 1  n  (iii) 1  (0.6) 20  (iv) [1  (1) n / 2n ]
2 3  6 3
x 2 ( x 2 n  1) 1  (1) n a n
(v) 3280 (vi) 4921 (vii) (viii)
x2  1 1 a
  2 n  211
(ix) 3 1     ; 13. 9 14. 10
  3   81
2 10 n 4
15. (i) (10n 1  9n  10) (ii) (10  1)  n (iii) (10n 1  9n  10)
27 9 81
5 7 2  10n  1 
(iv) (10n 1  9n  10) (v) (10n 1  9n  10) (vi) n 
81 81 3 9.10n 
5  10n  1 
15
 21 
n 
n 10000  
(vii) 16. 120; 480; 30(2) 17.
9 9.10n   20 
 21 20 
18. 200000    1 20. 29 21. 24
 20  
EXERCISE-II
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 4
11 12 13 14 15
2 1 2 1 2

EXERCISE-III

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 2,3 2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3 1 3 2 1 2 2 4 1 2
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
3 1 3 4 4 1

JRS TUTORIALS, Durgakund, Varanasi – 221 005 (U.P.) Ph. No. (0542) 2311922, 2311777, 7317347706