Top 100 SQL Interview Questions
1. What is SQL and what is it used for?
2. What are the different types of SQL commands?
3. What is the difference between SQL and MySQL?
4. What are primary keys and why are they important?
5. What is a foreign key?
6. What is a UNIQUE constraint?
7. What is a NOT NULL constraint?
8. What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING?
9. What is the ORDER BY clause?
10. What is the GROUP BY clause?
11. What is a JOIN in SQL?
12. What are the different types of JOINs?
13. What is an INNER JOIN?
14. What is a LEFT JOIN?
15. What is a RIGHT JOIN?
16. What is a FULL OUTER JOIN?
17. What is a SELF JOIN?
18. What is a CROSS JOIN?
19. What is a subquery?
20. What is a correlated subquery?
21. What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE?
22. What is the difference between DROP and DELETE?
23. What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR?
24. What is normalization?
25. What are the different normal forms?
26. What is denormalization?
27. What is a view in SQL?
28. What is a materialized view?
29. What is an index in SQL?
30. What are the advantages of indexing?
31. What are the disadvantages of indexing?
32. What is a clustered index?
33. What is a non-clustered index?
34. What is a composite index?
35. What is a stored procedure?
36. What is a function in SQL?
37. What is the difference between a stored procedure and a function?
38. What is a trigger in SQL?
39. What are ACID properties in databases?
40. What is a transaction in SQL?
41. What is COMMIT in SQL?
42. What is ROLLBACK in SQL?
43. What is SAVEPOINT?
44. What is database locking?
45. What is a deadlock?
46. What is concurrency control?
47. What is a schema in SQL?
48. What is a database constraint?
49. What is the difference between PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE KEY?
50. What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?
51. What is the EXISTS operator?
52. What is the IN operator?
53. What is the BETWEEN operator?
54. What is the LIKE operator?
55. What are wildcards in SQL?
56. What is the LIMIT clause?
57. What is OFFSET in SQL?
58. What are aggregate functions in SQL?
59. What is the COUNT() function?
60. What is the SUM() function?
61. What is the AVG() function?
62. What is the MAX() function?
63. What is the MIN() function?
64. What is the difference between COUNT(*) and COUNT(column)?
65. What is a CASE statement in SQL?
66. What is the COALESCE function?
67. What is NULL in SQL?
68. How do you handle NULL values in SQL?
69. What is the difference between IS NULL and = NULL?
70. What is a temporary table?
71. What is a common table expression (CTE)?
72. What is a recursive CTE?
73. What is window function in SQL?
74. What is the ROW_NUMBER() function?
75. What is the RANK() function?
76. What is the DENSE_RANK() function?
77. What is PARTITION BY in SQL?
78. What is the difference between RANK() and DENSE_RANK()?
79. What is the LEAD() function?
80. What is the LAG() function?
81. What is data integrity?
82. What is referential integrity?
83. What is database replication?
84. What is sharding in databases?
85. What is a cursor in SQL?
86. What is the difference between cursor and loop?
87. What is an execution plan?
88. What is query optimization?
89. What is a slow query and how do you identify it?
90. What is a surrogate key?
91. What is a natural key?
92. What is a star schema?
93. What is a snowflake schema?
94. What is OLTP?
95. What is OLAP?
96. What is data warehousing?
97. What is ETL?
98. What is a fact table?
99. What is a dimension table?
100. What are the best practices for writing efficient SQL queries?