Complex Number

UGA

1. Let C be the circle of radius 1 around 0 in the complex plane and z0 be a fixed point in C . Then the
number of ordered pairs ( z1 , z2 ) of points on C such that z0 + z1 + z2 = 0 is [ISI UGA 2007]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) ∞

2. If the points z1 and z2 are on the circles z = 2 and z = 3 , respectively and the angle included
z1 + z2
between these vectors is 60 , then equals [ISI UGA 2009]
z1 − z2
19
(a) (b) 19 (c) 7 (d) 133
7

3. Recall that, for any non-zero complex number w which does not lie on the negative real axis, arg w
denotes the unique real number  in ( − ,  ) such that w = w ( cos  + i sin  ) .
Let z be any complex number such that its real and imaginary parts are both non-zero. Further,
suppose that z satisfies the relation arg z  arg ( z + 1) and arg z  arg ( z + i ) .
Then cos ( arg z ) can take [ISI UGA 2010]
 1   1
(a) Any value in the set  − , 0    0,  but non from outside
 2   2
(b) Any value in the interval ( −1, 0 ) but none from outside
(c) Any value in the interval ( 0,1) but none from outside
(d) Any value in the set ( −1,0 )  ( 0,1) but none from outside

4. Let a  b  c be three real numbers and w denote a complex cube root of unity. If
( a + bw + cw ) + ( a + bw
2 3
+ cw) = 0 , then which of the following must be true?
2 3
[ISI UGA 2011]
(a) a + b + c = 0 (b) abc = 0
c+a
(c) ab + bc + ca = 0 (d) b =
2

5. Suppose that z is any complex number which is not equal to any of {3,3w,3w2} where w is a
1 1 1
complex cube root of unity. Then + + [ISI UGA 2012]
z − 3 z − 3w z − 3w 2
3z 2 + 3z 3z 2 + 3wz 3z 2 3z 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
( z − 3) z 3 − 27 z3 − 3z 2 + 9z − 27 z3 − 27
3

1
 Complex Number

6. Let a be a fixed real number greater than –1. The locus of z ∈ C satisfying |z–ia| = Im(z) + 1 is
[ISI UGA 2012]
(a) parabola (b) ellipse (c) hyperbola (d) not a conic

7. Let i = −1 and S = i + i 2 + ... + i n : n  1 . The number of distinct real numbers in the set S is
[ISI UGA 2013]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) Infinite.

8. Let i = −1 and z1, z2,… be a sequence of complex numbers defined by z1 = i and zn+1 = z 2n + i for
n  1 . Then z 2013 − z1 is [ISI UGA 2013]

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5

9. Let z1, z2 be non-zero complex numbers satisfying |z1 + z2| = |z1 – z2|. The circumcentre of the
triangle with the points z1, z2 and the origin as its vertices is given by [ISI UGA 2014]
1 1 1 1
(a) ( z1 − z 2 ) (b) ( z1 + z 2 ) (c) ( z1 + z 2 ) (d) ( z1 − z 2 )
2 3 2 3

10. Let z be z non zero complex number such that |z–1/z| = 2. What is the maximum value of |z| ?
[ISI UGA 2014]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 1 + 2

S = z  C | z = z 2 
11. Let C denote the set of complex numbers and , where z denotes the complex
conjugate of z. Then S has: [ISI UGA 2015]
(a) two element (b) three element (c) four elements (d) six elements

12. Consider 50 evenly placed points on a circle with centre at the origin and radius R such that arc
length between any two consecutive points is the same. The complex numbers represented by these
points form. [ISI UGA 2015]
 2  2  
(a) an arithmetic progression with common difference  cos + i sin   
 50  50  
 2 2 
(b) an arithmetic progression with common difference  R cos   + iR sin   
  50   50  
 2 2 
(c) a geometric progression with common ratio  cos   + i sin   
  50   50  
 2 2 
(d) a geometric progression with common ratio  R cos   + iR sin   
  50   50  

2
 Complex Number

13. Given two complex numbers z, w with unit modulus (i.e., |z| = |w| = 1,) which of the following
statements will ALWAYS be correct? [ISI UGA 2015]
(a) |z + w| < 2 and z − w  2 (b) z + w  2 and z − w  2
(c) z + w  2 or z − w  2 (d) z + w  2 or z − w  2

14. Let z1 = 3 + 4i. If z2 is a complex number such that |z2| = 2, then the greatest and the least values of
|z1–z2| are respectively [ISI UGA 2016]
(a) 7 and 3 (b) 5 and 1 (c) 9 and 5 (d) 4 + 7 and 7

15.  
Let X = a + −5 b : a, b   . An element x ∈ X is called special if there exists 0 y  X such that xy
= 1. The number of special elements in X is [ISI UGA 2016]
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

z−i
16. Let z be a complex number such that is purely imaginary. Then the minimum value of |z –(2 +
z −1
2i)| is [ISI UGA 2017]
3 1
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 2

4
Let S be the set of all points z in the complex plane such that 1 +  = 1
1
17.
 z
Then, the points of S are [ISI UGA 2017]
(a) vertices of a rectangle
(b) vertices of a right-angled triangle
(c) vertices of an equilateral triangle
(d) collinear

z−i
18. If z = x + iy is a complex number such that <1, then we must have [ISI UGA 2018]
z+i
(a) x > 0 (b) x < 0 (c) y > 0 (d) y < 0

19. Let α, β, γ be complex numbers which are the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Then, we must have:
[ISI UGA 2018]
(a)  +  +  = 0 (b)  2 + 2 +  2 = 0
(d) (  −  ) + (  −  ) + (  −  ) = 0
2 2 2
(c)  2 + 2 +  2 +  +  +  = 0

3
 Complex Number

20. For each natural number k, choose a complex number zk with |zk| = 1 and denote by ak the area of the
triangle formed by zk, izk, zk + izk. Then, which of the following is true for the series below?


 (a )
k
k
[ISI UGA 2019]
k =1

(a) It converges only if every zk lies in the same quadrant

(b) It always diverges
(c) It always converges
(d) None of the above.

21. Let z and w be complex numbers lying on the circles of radii 2 and 3 respectively, with centre (0; 0).
If the angle between the corresponding vectors is 60 degrees, then the value of |z + w|/|z – w| is:
[ISI UGA 2020]
19 7 12 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 19 7 12

22. The number of complex roots of the polynomial z5 – z4 – 1 which have modulus 1 is
[ISI UGA 2020]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) more than 2

23. Consider the following two subsets of C :

1  1 
A =  : z = 2  and B =  : z − 1 = 2  [ISI UGA 2021]
z  z 
(a) A is a circle, but B is not a circle. (b) B is a circle, but A is not a circle.
(c) A and B are both circles. (d) Neither A nor B is a circle.

24. The locus of points z in the complex plane satisfying z2 + |z2| = 0 is [ISI UGA 2022]
(a) a straight line (b) a pair of straight line
(c) a circle (d) a parabola

2 2 3 9 10
25. (1 − w + w2 ) (1– w2 + w2 ) (1– w2 + w2 ) .(1 – w2 + w2 ) x is equal to [ISI UGA 2022]
(a) 210 (b) 310 (c) 210ω (d) 310ω2

2023
26. Suppose z   is such that the imaginary part of z is non-zero and z 25 = 1 . Then z
k =0
k
equals

[ISI UGA 2023]

24 24
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 – z (d) -z

4
 Complex Number

27. Consider the function f : → defined by f ( a + ib ) = ea ( cos b + i sin b ) , a, b   where i is a

square root of -1. Then [ISI UGA 2023]
(a) f is one-to-one and onto (b) f is one-to-one but not onto
(c) f is onto but not one-to-one (d) f is neither one-to-one nor onto

28. If the points z1 and z2 are on the circles z = 2 and z = 3 respectively, and the angle included
z1 + z2
between these vectors is 60o, then the value of is [ISI UGA 2024]
z1 − z2
19 7
(a) (b) 19 (c) 7 (d)
7 19

29. Let a, b, c be three complex numbers. The equation az + bz + c = 0 represents a straight line on the
complex plane if and only if [ISI UGA 2024]
(a) a = b (b) ac = bc (c) a = b  0 (d) a = b  0 and ac = bc

30. For each n  1, let an and bn be real numbers such that an  0 and bn  0 . Let
( an + ibn ) = n ( an + ibn ) for all n  6 . Then
n
[ISI UGA 2025]
1
2 1
2
(a) No such an , bn exist (b) an = n n +1 cos , bn = n n +1 sin
n +1 n +1
1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
(c) an = n n cos , bn = n n sin (d) an = n n −1 cos , bn = n n −1 sin
n n n −1 n −1

5
 Complex Number

UGB
1 1
31. Suppose a is a complex number such that a 2 + a + + + 1 = 0 if m is a positive integer, find the
a a2
1 1
value of a 2 m + a m + m
+ 2m [ISI UGA 2007]
a a

2 ik
32. For a natural number n  1 , consider the n − 1 points on the unit circle e n
( k = 1, 2,...., n − 1) . Show
that the product of the distances of these points from 1 is n . [ISI UGA 2007]

33. Let z be a complex number such that z , z 2 , z 3 are all collinear in the complex plane. Show that z is
a real number. [ISI UGA 2008]

34. Let x, y , z be non-zero real numbers. Suppose  ,  ,  are complex numbers such that
 =  =  = 1 . If x + y + z = 0 =  x +  y +  z , then prove that  =  =  .
[ISI UGA 2009]

35. Let a be a complex number such that both  and  + 1 have modulus 1. If for a positive integer
n,1 +  is nth root of unity, then show that  is also an nth root of unity and n is a multiple of 6.
[ISI UGA 2011]

36. Let Ω = {z = x + iy ∈ C : |y| ≤ 1}. If f (z) = z2 + 2 then draw a sketch of f(Ω) = {f (z) : z ∈ Ω}.
Justify your answer [ISI UGA 2019]

37. Let i be a root of the equation x2 + 1 = 0 and let w be a root of the equation
x2 + x + 1 = 0. Construct a polynomial f(x) = a0 + a1x + …..+ anxn where a0, a1, ,….an are all integers
such that f (i + w) = 0: [ISI UGA 2020]

38. Find the smallest positive real number k such that the following inequality holds
1
z1 + ... + zn  ( z1 + ... + zn ) . For every positive integer n  2 and every choice z1 ,..., zn of complex
k
numbers with non-negative real and imaginary parts. [ISI UGA 2022]

39. Let S 1 =  z   z = 1 be the unit circle in the complex plane. Let f : S 1 → S 2 be the map given by

f ( z ) = z 2 . We define f (1) := f and f ( k +1) := f  f ( k ) for k  1 . The smallest positive integer n such
that f (
n)
( z) = z is called the period of z . Determine the total number of points in S 1
[ISI UGA 2025]

6
Complex Number

Key Answer
UGA

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a)

7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (c)

13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (c)

19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (a)

25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (d)

7
 Complex Number

Solutions
UGA

1.

2.

8
 Complex Number

3.

9
 Complex Number

4.

Hence,

10
 Complex Number

3 z 2 − 2(3 + 3w + 3w2 ) + 9 + 9 w + 9 w2 3z 2
5. =
z 3 − 27 z 3 − 27

6.

7. There are only four possible outcomes i, i – 1, -1, 0 out of which 2 are real.

8.

9. The diagonals of a parallelogram with vertices O, z1, z1 + z2, z2 are equal therefore angle between z1
and z2 is 90. Circumcentre = ½ (z1 + z2)

1 1 1
10. z−  z−  z +
z z z
1 1
z− 2 z +
z z
After solving, maximum value of |Z| = 1 + 2

11
 Complex Number

11. x – iy = x2 – y2 + 2xyi
y = 2xy
y =0 or x = ½
x = x2 – y2
put y = 0, x = 0, 1
put x = ½
y2 = -1/4 not possible

2
12. Angle between consecutive points =
50
 2 2 
Points form geometric progression with common ratio  cos   + i sin   
  50   50  

13. As both z and w lies on a circle of radius 1. |z + w| = |z - w| = 2 , when angle θ between z and w is
90. If θ > 90, then |z - w| > 2 , If θ < 90, then |z + w| > 2.

14. z1 − z2  z1 – z2  z1 + z2
3  z1 – z2  7

15. ax – 5by = 1, ay + bx = 0
-bx2 – 5by2 = y
b = -y/(x2 + y2)
b is integer if x = 0 and y = 1 or -1.

z −i  
16. arg  =
 z −1  2
1 1
Represents circle with diameter end points (1, 0) and (0, 1), c  , 
2 2
|z–(2+2i)|min = distance b/w c & (2,2) = 2

12
 Complex Number

17. (z+1)4 = z4 ; (z ≠ 0)
⇒ |z+1| = |z|
z lies on the perpendicular bisector of (0, 0) and (-1, 0)

18. x2 + (y – 1)2 < x2 + (y + 1)2

y>0

19. Direct result

1 1
20. a k =  1 1 =
2 2

 k
1 1 1 1
   = + + + .... = 1
k =1  2  2 4 8

21.
w | w | i /3 3
=
z |z|
e = 1+ i 3
4
( )

z+w z / w +1 7 + 3 3i 99 + 27 76 19
= = = = =
z−w z / w − 1 −1 + 3i 3 1 + 27 28 7

22. z5 – z4 – 1 = 0
(z2 – z + 1) (z3 – z – 1) = 0
z2 – z + 1 = 0
1  3i
z=
2
= –w – w2
or z3 – z – 1 = 0
z3 – z = 1

13
 Complex Number

z = reiθ = eiθ
cos3θ – cosθ = 1 and sin 3θ – sinθ = 0
–2sin 2θ. sinθ = 1 2sinθ . cos2θ = 0
Sin 2θ . sinθ = –1/2 θ = nπ or θ = (2n+1)π/4
Not possible

23.
1 1
= w; z =
A: Let z w
1 1
z =2 = 2  w = → Circle
w 2
1 1
B: Let = w ; z =
z w
1
z −1 = 2  −1 = 2
w
⇒|1 – w| = 2|w|
w −1
⇒ = 2 ⇒ Apollonius Circles
w

24. x2 – y2 + i2xy + x2 + y2 = 0
x =0 and 2xy = 0
y can be any real number

25. (-2w)(-2w2) (-2w)(-2w2) (-2w)(-2w2) (-2w)(-2w2) (-2w)(-2w2) = 210

26.

14
 Complex Number

27.

28.

29.

15
 Complex Number

30.

16
 Complex Number

UGB
31.

17
 Complex Number

32.

33.

34.

18
 Complex Number

35.

36. f(Ω) = {f(z): z ∈ Ω}

f(z) = (x + iy)2 + 2
= x2 + 2 – y2 + i(2xy)
= x + iy x∈R
For y = β –1 ≤ y ≤ 1
2 2
x = x + 2 – β Y = 2xβ
x = (Y/β)2 + 2 - β2
y2
x= + 2 − 2
42
y2 = 42 .  x − ( 2 − 2 )
Right opening parabola
LR = 42
Vertex : (2–β2, 0)
  −1,1 2  0,1

19
 Complex Number

1 i 3 2i − 1 + i 3
37. x =i+w =i+− + =
2 2 2
( ) (
⇒ 2x + 1 = 2 + 3 i  4x 2 + 4x + 1 = 7 + 4 3 ( −1) )
⇒ 4x2 + 4x + 8 = –4√3 ⇒ x2 + x + 2 = – √3, Now squaring again;
⇒ x4 + x2 + 4 + 2x3 + 4x2 + 4x = 3
⇒ x4 + 2x3 + 5x2 + 4x + 1 = 0

38. n=2
z1 = x1 + iy1
z2 = x2 + iy2
|z1 + z2|
= |x1 + x2 + i(y1 + y2)|
RMS ≥ AM

a 2 + b2  a + b  (a + b 2
)
  → (a + b ) 
2 2

2  2  2
(
x1 + x 2 ) + ( y1 + y 2 )
2
=
a b

Equality if

( x 1 + x 2 + y1 + y 2 )
2


2
1
 ( x1 + y1 ) + ( x 2 + y 2 ) 
2

20
 Complex Number

1
  z1 + z 2 
2
n≥3
z1 = x1 + iy1 , etc
( x1 + x 2 + .....x n ) + ( y1 + y2 + ... + y n )
2 2
|z1 + z2 +…+zn| =

( x1 + x 2 + ...x n + y1 + y 2 + ... + y n )
2


2


( x1 + y1 ) + ( x 2 + y 2 ) + ... + ( x n +n )
2
z + z 2 + .... zn

2

39.

21
Complex Number

22