History - Chapter 7
THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE
I. Four alternatives are given… Choose one correct answer and write the
complete answer with alphabet.
1. The Founder of Indian National Congress was
A) Mahatma Gandhiji
B) A.O. Hume
C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
Answer: B) A.O. Hume
2. The one who started the newspaper ‘Maratha’
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Ras Bihari Bose
C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
Answer: C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. Swarajya Party was established in the year
A) 1924
B) 1923
C) 1929
D) 1906
Answer: B) 1923
4. The Haripura session of Indian National Congress was presided over by
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Lal Lajpat Rai
D) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: D) Subhash Chandra Bose
5. The Drain theory of wealth was propagated by
A) Dadabhai Naoroji
B) Aurobindo Ghosh
C) Lal Lajpat Rai
D) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: A) Dadabhai Naoroji
6. The first Prime Minister of India was
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Lal Lajpat Rai
D) Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer: A) Jawaharlal Nehru
7. The prominent moderate leader among the following
A) Aurobindo Ghosh
B) Lala Lajpat Rai
C) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: C) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
8. Reason for the partition of Bengal in 1905 was
A) To separate Hindus and Muslims
B) To promote trade in Bengal
C) To develop the West Bengal region
D) To suppress the struggle against the British
Answer: D) To suppress the struggle against the British
9. The Quit India Movement gave leadership to non-Congress leaders. The prominent
among them is
A) Kasturba Gandhi
B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Jayaprakash Narayan
D) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
Answer: C) Jayaprakash Narayan
10. Gandhiji started the Champaran Movement
A) To support the indigo farmers
B) To support the cotton farmers
C) To support the wine palm planters
D) To support the tea estate workers
Answer: A) To support the indigo farmers
11. The movement led by the Ali brothers was
A) Non-Cooperation Movement
B) Khilafat Movement
C) Civil Disobedience Movement
D) Quit India Movement
Answer: B) Khilafat Movement
II. Answer the following questions in a sentence/word each.
12. Who implemented the Domestic paper control Act?
Answer: Lord Lytton
13. When was the Indian National Congress founded?
Answer: 1885
14. Who composed ‘Gita Rahasya’?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
15. Which were the secret organizations during the freedom movement in India?
Answer: Anusheelan Samiti and Abhinava Bharat
16. Who led the Khilafat Movement in India?
Answer: Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
17. Who was the President of the Lahore Session of Congress?
Answer: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
18. In which year did the Quit India Movement take place?
Answer: 1942
19. Who was the founder of the Forward Block Party?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose
20. Who Published the Janata and Mooknayaka newspapers?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
21. Who led the Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
22. Who was the last Viceroy of India?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
23. Which commission marked the border between India and Pakistan?
Answer: Sir John Radcliffe Commission
24. Who demanded for a separate nation for Muslims?
Answer: Muhammad Ali Jinnah
25. Who declared that “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
III. Answer the following questions in 6–8 sentences/points each.
26. Role of Moderates in the Freedom Struggle
Believed in constitutional methods like petitions, meetings, pamphlets.
Leaders: Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee, M.G.
Ranade.
Trusted the British sense of justice.
Provided political education and awareness to Indians.
Demanded reduction of military expenditure.
Worked for industrial and economic reforms.
Highlighted poverty and demanded relief measures.
Spread national consciousness among Indians.
27. Drain Theory of Wealth
• Dadabhai Naoroji explained that Indian wealth was draining to England.
• More imports than exports caused loss to India.
• High salaries to British officials burdened India.
• Huge pensions sent to England after retirement.
• High administrative expenditure paid from Indian revenue.
• He used statistical data to prove India’s exploitation.
• His theory created nationalism among Indians.
28. Role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak / Extremists
• Leaders: Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal.
• Used public festivals like Ganesh & Shivaji to spread nationalism.
• Declared: “Swaraj is my birthright”.
• Started Swadeshi movement for boycotting foreign goods.
• Edited newspapers ‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha’.
• Opposed the partition of Bengal.
• Wrote ‘Gita Rahasya’ in prison.
• Demanded complete independence.
29. Method of struggle of Revolutionaries
• Believed violent struggle was necessary to remove the British.
• Leaders: Savarkar, Aurobindo Ghosh, Khudiram Bose, Bhagat Singh, Azad.
• Formed secret societies like Anusheelan Samiti.
• Collected weapons and funds.
• Trained youth in weapons and tactics.
• Attacked British officials and establishments.
30. Role of Non-Cooperation Movement
• Started by Gandhiji in 1920.
• Boycott of titles, schools, courts, foreign goods.
• Students and lawyers gave up studies and practice.
• Elections to councils were boycotted.
• Chauri Chaura incident turned violent.
• Gandhiji withdrew the movement.
• Injected mass participation in freedom struggle.
31. Civil Disobedience Movement
• Resolution passed in Lahore Congress session (1929).
• 11 demands presented to Viceroy, rejected.
• Gandhiji launched Salt Satyagraha.
• Dandi March — broke Salt Law.
• People refused to pay taxes and follow unjust laws.
• Lakhs participated in the movement nationwide.
32. Quit India Movement
• Launched in 1942 demanding immediate British withdrawal.
• Slogan: “Do or Die”.
• All leaders including Gandhi arrested.
• Jayaprakash Narayan took underground leadership.
• People sabotaged communication lines and protested.
• Marked the final phase of the freedom struggle.
33. Protests of Farmers and Workers
• Indigo revolt in Champaran led by Gandhiji.
• Bengal and Telangana farmers revolted against landlords.
• Maharashtra farmers protested against low wages.
• Workers in jute, textile and railways organized strikes.
• Formation of trade unions to fight exploitation.
34. Tribal Rebellions
• British forest policies caused tribal poverty.
• Major revolts: Santhal, Kol, Munda.
• Halagali Bedas revolt in Karnataka significant.
• Tribal people looted landlords and moneylenders.
• British used army to crush these revolts.
• These movements increased national awakening.
35. Achievements of Subhash Chandra Bose
• President of Haripura Congress session.
• Popularly called “Netaji”.
• Formed Forward Bloc Party.
• Took leadership of INA and gave slogan “Delhi Chalo”.
• Motivated soldiers with “Give me blood, I will give you freedom”.
• Escaped British house arrest, sought help from Germany and Japan.
• Became a symbol of armed resistance in freedom struggle.
36. Struggle of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
• Known as architect of Indian Constitution.
• First Law Minister of India.
• Fought against untouchability and social inequality.
• Started newspapers: Mooknayaka, Janata, Bahishkrit Bharat.
• Led Mahad Satyagraha and Kalaram Temple movement.
• Formed Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha.
• Provided legal protection against caste discrimination.
37. Achievements of Jawaharlal Nehru
• First Prime Minister of India.
• Architect of industrialization and planned economy.
• Introduced Five-Year Plans.
• Implemented mixed economy and strengthened public sector.
• Formulated Non-Aligned Movement.
• Completed integration of princely states with Sardar Patel.
• Promoted scientific and modern education.
38. Khilafat Movement
• Sultan of Turkey (Khalifa) was regarded as religious head of Muslims.
• After World War I, Khalifa was insulted by British powers.
• Ali brothers started Khilafat Movement to protect Khalifa.
• Gandhiji supported it for Hindu-Muslim unity.
• Became a joint mass movement against British rule.
• Congress actively participated in it.