Baku, March - 2026
Baku Master Technology
Transfer Program
Module Sustainable Chemicals – Lesson 3 Circularity in Action
Valeria BERNARDINI
This document and all information are confidential and may not be used, reproduced or distributed without prior authorizationof TECHNIP ENERGIES
Sustainable chemicals program
1. Petrochemicals 17th March 2026
2. Biochemicals 17th March 2026
3. Circularity in Action 18th March 2026
• Carbon Circularity
• Waste Circularity
• TEA & LCA for Circularity
• A Case Study
4. Exercise on Case Study 19th March 2026
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 2
Five for [Link]
In everything we do, we never compromise on
3
Safety Integrity Quality Respect Sustainability
Five for [Link]
In everything we do, we never compromise on
4
Safety Integrity Quality Respect Sustainability
Kahoot Question Session
Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 5
1. Why Circularity?
2. Carbon Circularity
3. Waste Circularity
4. TEA and LCA on Circularity Solutions
5. Case Study
6. Conclusion
7. Preparation for Exercise
Presentation title 8
1 Why Circularity?
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 9
Why Circularity?
The linear "take-make-waste" system is the traditional economic model
where resources are extracted, used to create products, and then discarded as
waste after a single use.
This One-Way flow or Open-Loop is the dominant industrial model today but is
increasingly criticized for its environmental impact.
• Take: Finite raw materials (like wood, metals, or fossil fuels) are extracted
from the Earth.
• Make: These materials are manufactured into products, often designed with a
short lifespan or "planned obsolescence" to encourage more buying.
• Waste: Once a product is used, it is thrown away. Most of this ends up in
landfills or incinerators, rather than being returned to the production cycle
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 10
Why Circularity?
In the context of the Circular Economy, circularity is a resource management
model that shifts away from a linear "take-make-waste" system.
It focuses on:
• Designing out waste: Products are built to be durable, repairable, and
recyclable from the start.
• Resource loops: Materials are kept in use for as long as possible through
reuse, refurbishment, and recycling.
• Regeneration: Aiming to restore natural systems rather than just depleting
them.
Understanding circularity - UNEP circularity platform
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 11
Why Circularity?
Circularity builds upon value
retention loops:
• User-to-user processes:
shorter loop, where a product
or component remains close
to its user and function
• User-to-business
processes: medium/long
loop, where a product or
component is upgraded and
producers involved again
• Business-to-business
processes: Long loop, where
a product or component loses
its original function
[Link]
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 12
Kahoot Question Session
Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 13
Courtesy of [Link]
Carbon for chemicals matter !
It’s all about carbon sourcing, use
and re-use.
We reduce the use of fossil-based
carbon by proposing advanced
carbon efficient processes with less
waste, fed with increasing amounts
of bio-based and recycled plastic
feedstocks
Introducing Circularity
[Link] 15
Courtesy of [Link]
The road to renewable carbon
Today Tomorrow The day after
2030 2050
Biomass Recycling Carbon dioxide Renewable electricity
conversion
Hydrogen
Carbon for
Conventional
Chemicals
Chemicals
Better products, Chemical Power to methanol,
and
Better processes: monomer and energy efficiency Plastics clusters Power to synthetic NG,
Upstream downstream integration Power to liquids (RWGS, FT)
Decarbonisation Circular Economy Renewable carbon
Credits: Renewable carbon initiative [Link] 16
Circularity in Action
The circular economy aims to eliminate waste and reduce the use of natural
resources by promoting the reuse, repurposing and recycling of materials.
At Technip Energies, we offer a range of advanced recycling solutions to help
companies transition to a circular economy business model.
Our solutions include plastics and textile-to-textile recycling, among others.
As a sustainable company in the polymers and plastics industries, we are
committed to providing a recycling solution for each of our technologies.
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 17
Markets
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 18
Our Differentiators
• Unique offer combining technologies and EPC project delivery capabilities
• Proprietary technologies, support to licensing
• Proven skills in chemicals, petrochemicals, refining and fermentation processes
• Notable alliances such as Neste, PLAnet TM
• Circular economy, pyrolysis and purification CLUB, including agreements with Alterra
Energy, Synova, Carbios, Agilyx, APChemi and others that utilize our proprietary [Link]
by [Link] purification technology
• Multiple technology and R&D centers with dedicated experts worldwide
• Clariant (Collaboration in commercialization various catalytic technologies such as EARTH,
Acrylonitrile, sunliquid®)
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 19
Our Solutions
We offer start-up consultancy services to help our partners shift to a circular economy by finalizing
processes and beginning industrialization and commercialization. We provide early-stage action plans to
assess plant budgets and develop business cases, helping companies adapt their processes to a feasible
circular model.
Circular solutions | Technip Energies
• bro_sustainable-chemicals_online.pdf
• flysheet_pyrolysis-gas_rgb.pdf
• flysheet_pyrolysis-oil_rgb.pdf
• [Link]
• [Link]
• Reju Press Trip 2026 | Technip Energies
[Link]
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 20
Our Solutions
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 21
The Process and New Product Development
Technology is available
Technology is not available
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 22
Break
23
Kahoot Question Session
Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 24
2 Carbon Circularity
Presentation title 26
Circular Plant of the Future
Profitable growth boosting climate resilience
Global Industry Sectors is currently reevaluating their strategic responses to the energy transition as more and more low -
carbon sectors is rapidly growing and an incredible boost in capital investment is forecasted in the short -term period to
sustain the 1,5°C Scenario
Over the next decade US$750 billion is needed to flow to CCUS, US$700 billion to hydrogen-production capacity.
Renewable power is another magnitude larger; capital expenditures of US$8.5 trillion are required to build the solar and on-
and offshore wind capacity required from 2020 to 2030.
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program
Circular Plant of the Future
The GHG Abatement Potential
Technological solutions in their FID
(First Industrial Deployment) and
Industrial Best practices are key to
meet the PoF Carbon Ambitions
However the ones with the highest
Carbon Abatement potential may
hide a quite relevant capital
investment not fully balanced by
carbon price incentives and carbon
tax mechanisms
A fit for purpose solutions with best
carbon abatement potential and
sustainable capital intensity can
provide more effective return of
investments
Focus on Chemical Industry Opportunities
Modified from
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program
Circular Plant of the Future
Key Best Practice in terms of
Carbon price and Carbon tax effect GHG Abatement potential and
cost for the Chemical industry are:
• Management and improved
Bio&Green fuels use
Maintenance Procedures
• Energy efficiency options for
Renewable
energy use EU ETS 202 1 €45-50 Asset and PoF
• Renewable Energy
APAC ETS 202 1 US$ 25
USCal ETS 202 1 US$ 18
• Carbon Capture and Storage
China ETS 202 1 US$ 4-6 CCS
• Flaring minimization/Zero
Flaring
• Carbon Capture and Use CCU
Focus on Chemical Industry Opportunities
• Feedstock Shift &
Circularity Enhancement!
NOTE Original study abatement cost was not considering the challenging effect of the Global Carbon
Pricing and Carbon Taxation. Today a carbon price of 100 $ /Tonne CO2eq is not so far from short term
forecast in EU and North America
Modified from
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program
Circular Plant of the Future
CCU Scenario for Chemical Industry
Mass flows within the chemical industry in
(A) the conventional scenario and
(B) CCU implementation scenario.
In both scenarios, the projected final demand for 20 large-volume chemicals in 2030 is produced. Note, mass flows are scaled differently in the conventional and the high-TRL
scenario. The mass flows of the final demand (on the Right) are identical.
Opportunity
Challenge
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program
Kahoot Question Session
Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 31
3 Waste Circularity
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 33
Our References
We are helping clients boost their sustainability credentials by moving toward a circular economy
throughout the value chain. Regardless of the project type, our recycling technology and other circular
products and services support companies of every size from established players to startups.
• Neste renewable diesel plants in Rotterdam and Singapore
• Clariant 2G bioethanol plants
• TotalEnergies La Mède biofuels plant
• BTG Bioliquids Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil plants
• UPM biochemical plant
• LA/PLA and Epicerol® technologies
• PBAT and PBS technologies and plants
• Carbios PET demonstration plant
• Pyrolysis-based chemical recycling plant
• Syngas SDN BHD plastic recycling
• Reju
Circular solutions | Technip Energies
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 34
Pyrolysis Gas
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 35
Pyrolysis Gas
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 36
Pyrolysis Oil
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 37
Pyrolysis Oil
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 38
Catalytic Pyrolysis
broad range of mixed plastic waste feedstock. : Single-use plastics, Flexible packaging,
Flexible films, Composite plastics, Plastic containing nitrogen (such as nylon, ABS,
polyurethane), oxygen (including PET, polycarbonate) and other heteroatoms, Other
hard-to-recycle plastic materials
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 39
PurerGas and Synova
Innovatively Cracking Plastic Waste for Crackers
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 40
Textile Waste to r-Textile → Hi! We are Reju
Reju_technipenergies.pdf
[Link]
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 41
Textile Waste to r-Textile → Hi! We are Reju
[Link]
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 42
Textile Waste to r-Textile → Hi! We are Reju
[Link]
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 43
Textile Waste to r-Textile → Hi! We are Reju
[Link]
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 44
Reju in the world
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 45
Break
46
Kahoot Question Session
Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 47
4 TEA and LCA on
Circularity Solutions
Presentation title 49
The Process and New Product Development
Reminding Back this slide…
Technology is available
Technology is not available
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 50
How to measure Circularity?
Techno-sustainable analysis of circular economy-indicators for corporate supply chains - ScienceDirect
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 51
What is a TEA Analysis
A Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) is a structured method that combines engineering and
financial modeling to determine whether a technology, process, or business model is
technically feasible and economically viable.
In practice, TEA links mass/energy balances and performance assumptions to costs,
revenues, and cash flows, so decision-makers can compare options, stress-test assumptions,
and decide whether to invest, scale, pivot, or stop.
What TEA answers?
• Is the Study viable? Expected NPV, IRR, payback, and levelized cost versus market prices.
• What drives value? The top sensitivities (e.g., yield, energy price, utilization).
• What scale and design? Minimum viable scale, critical specs, capex/opex structure.
• What risks? Market, policy, technology, quality, and supply constraints.
• What’s the baseline delta? Costs and (if integrated) emissions versus the counterfactual.
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 52
What is a TEA Analysis
Typical TEA workflow (step-by-step)
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 53
What is a TEA Analysis
Typical TEA workflow (step-by-step)
• Define goal, functional unit, boundary, and baseline.
• Build mass/energy balances and throughput (capacity, uptime, yields).
• Estimate CapEx and OpEx; structure by fixed/variable and by process step.
• Model revenues (price × volume) and credits/avoided costs; separate price from
quality (e.g., recycled price = α × virgin price).
• Cash-flow model: depreciation, taxes, working capital, discount rate; compute
NPV/IRR/payback/levelized costs.
• Scenarios & sensitivities: show tornado chart and break-even points.
• Decision: recommend go/no-go, scale, and risk mitigations; list data gaps.
• Pair with LCA to quantify environmental co-benefits and compute LCOA.
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 54
What is a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts
of a product system throughout its life cycle
LCA is defined by the ISO 14040 as the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental
impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. Along the lines of this standard and with the main aim to support LCA
practitioners in operationalizing LCA, other codes of practice have been developed.
To enhance the comparability of LCA applied to products and organisations, the European Commission has launched
the Environmental Footprint methods.
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 55
EU Platform on LCA - EPLCA
Environmental Footprint OEF and PEF
The European Commission proposed the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) and Organisation Environmental
Footprint (OEF) methods as a common way of measuring environmental performance (EU Commission Recommendation
2021/2279).
The PEF and OEF are the EU recommended Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based methods to quantify the environmental
impacts of products (goods or services) and organisations.
CEE&C CEE&C
for ASSET for PRODUCT
Policy related information on the Environmental Footprint is available on the dedicated page hosted by DG ENV which contains
the scheduled PEF/OEF trainings and the archive of past trainings including recordings and slides.
Embracing the Future: A Comprehensive Approach to Decarbonisation and Energy Transition | Genesis
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 56
Scope of the Product Environmental Footprint
Steps of the Product Environmental Footprint (LCIA)
• Define the Goal and Scope
of the PEF
• Compile the Life Cycle
Inventory (LCI)
• Conduct the Life Cycle
Impact Assessment (LCIA)
• Interpretation and
Reporting
• EF Verification
European Platform on LCA | EPLCA
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 57
European Platform on LCA | EPLCA
EU EF Categories
LCIA covers 16 impact categories.
• Climate Change
• Ozone depletion
• Human toxicity, cancer effects
• Human toxicity, non-cancer effects
• Particulate matter
• Ionising radiation
• Photochemical ozone formation
• Acidification
• Eutrophication, terrestrial
• Eutrophication, freshwater
• Eutrophication, marine
• Ecotoxicity, freshwater
• Land use
• Water use
• Resource use, including Energy & Fossils
• Resource use, minerals and metals
CEE&C is typically considering the 4 impact categories in bold, easily extended to 16
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 58
International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD
EU EF Category Factors are part of ILCD Life Cycle Data Network
The International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) is an initiative developed by JRC and DG ENV since 2005,
with the aim to provide guidance and standards for greater consistency and quality assurance in applying LCA. ILCD
publications have been established through a series of extensive public and stakeholder consultations.
Valeria Bernardini Part 3 – Circularity - Baku Master Technology Transfer Program 59
5 A Case Study
Presentation title 60
Break
65
6 Conclusion
Presentation title 66
Key Takeovers
Footer - Title of the presentation 67
Exercise
Footer - Title of the presentation 68
Thank you
APPENDIX 1: Technology Readiness level (TRL)
Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) are a method for estimating the maturity of technologies during the
acquisition phase of a program.
TRLs enable consistent and uniform discussions of technical maturity across different types of technology. TRL is
determined during a technology readiness assessment (TRA) that examines program concepts, technology requirements,
and demonstrated technology capabilities. TRLs are based on a scale from 1 to 9 with 9 being the most mature
technology and the following definitions apply, unless otherwise specified:
• TRL 1 – basic principles observed
• TRL 2 – technology concept formulated
• TRL 3 – experimental proof of concept
• TRL 4 – technology validated in lab
• TRL 5 – technology validated in relevant environment (industrially relevant environment in the case of key enabling
technologies)
• TRL 6 – technology demonstrated in relevant environment (industrially relevant environment in the case of key
enabling technologies)
• TRL 7 – system prototype demonstration in operational environment
• TRL 8 – system complete and qualified
• TRL 9 – actual system proven in operational environment (competitive manufacturing in the case of key enabling
technologies; or in space)
BAKU Master 20206 – Part 3 – Circularity 70
CONFIDENTIAL
Appendix 2: Resources
Breaking Boundaries #11 - “Reinvent the industry for a more circular economy” | Technip Energies
Reju Announces Site Selection for French Regeneration Hub in Lacq Advancing Europe’s Circular Textile Infrastructure | Technip Energies
Understanding circularity - UNEP circularity platform
[Link]
Circular solutions | Technip Energies
bro_sustainable-chemicals_online.pdf
flysheet_pyrolysis-gas_rgb.pdf
flysheet_pyrolysis-oil_rgb.pdf
[Link]
[Link]
Reju Press Trip 2026 | Technip Energies
Techno-sustainable analysis of circular economy-indicators for corporate supply chains - ScienceDirect
Columbia | SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy | Levelized Cost of Carbon Abatement: An Improved Cost-Assessment Methodology for a Net-
Zero Emissions World
Embracing the Future: A Comprehensive Approach to Decarbonisation and Energy Transition | Genesis
Valeria Bernardini BAKU Master 20206 – Part 3 – Circularity 71