Aa¨vq t 3  ej|

1bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt

mvjvg Zvi Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z wWg wewµ Kivi Rb¨ GKwU UªvK fvov †bq Ges wWg¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e c¨v‡KU K‡i Uªv‡K
IVvq| wWgmn Uªv‡Ki fi 1.5  10 5 kg | UªvKwU 72 Kmh −1 ‡e‡M PjwQj| cw_g‡a¨ PvjK Uªv‡Ki wbqš¿Y nvwi‡q †d‡j|
`yN©Ubv Awbevh© †`‡L PvjK UªvKwU‡K iv¯Ívi cv‡ki GKwU L‡oi Mv`vi Ici DwV‡q †`q| UªvKwU 1.0 sec − G †_‡g hvq|
G‡Z mvjvg eo `~N©Ubv n‡Z iÿv cvq| msN‡l© mvjvg AvnZ n‡jI AwaKvsk wWg AÿZ _v‡K|
(K) wbDU‡bi MwZ welqK 1g m~ÎwU wjL|
(L) `~N©Ubvq mvjvg AvnZ n‡jI AwaKvsk wWg †Kb AÿZ Ae¯’vq i‡q †Mj e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
(M) Uªv‡Ki Ici wµqviZ e‡ji cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|
(N) ÒPvjK UªvKwU‡K big L‡oi Mv`vi Ici DwV‡q †`Iqvq mvjvg eo ai‡bi `yN©Ubv n‡Z iÿv cvqÓ MvwYwZK
we‡køl‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Gi h_v_©Zv wbY©q K‡iv|
1bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit
K.
wbDU‡bi MwZ welqK 1g m~ÎwU n‡jv -
Òevwn¨K †Kv‡bv ej cÖ‡qvM bv Ki‡j w¯’i e¯‘ w¯’i _vK‡e Ges MwZkxj e¯‘ mylg `ªæwZ‡Z mij c‡_ Pj‡Z _vK‡e|Ó
L.
mvjvg Zvi Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z wWg wewµ Kivi Rb¨ h_vh_fv‡e c¨v‡KU K‡i Uªv‡K IVvq| cw_g‡a¨ PvjK `yN©Ubv Awbevh©
†`‡L UªvKwU‡K iv¯Ívi cv‡ki GKwU L‡oi Mv`vi Ici DwV‡q †`q| msN‡l© mvjvg MwZ RoZvi Rb¨ mvg‡bi w`‡K Syu‡K
c‡o Ges AvnZ nq| wKš‘ wWg¸‡jv c¨v‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ myiwÿZ Ae¯’vq wQj e‡j UªvK av°v †L‡jI wWg¸‡jv ¯’vbPz¨Z nevi
my‡hvM cvqwb Ges Ab¨ wW‡gi mv‡_ ev Ab¨ wKQzi mv‡_ msNl© nqwb| d‡j AwaKvsk wWg AÿZ wQj|
M.
v−u
Avgiv Rvwb, F = ma = m( )
t
‡`Iqv Av‡Q, Uªv‡Ki fi, m = 1.5  10 5 kg
72 1000m
Uªv‡Ki Avw`‡eM, u = = 20ms −1
60  60s
Uªv‡Ki †kl‡eM, v = 0
mgq, t = 1.0 s
F = 1.5 105 (0 − 20)
= − 3 10 6 N .
1
Uªv‡Ki Ici wµqviZ e‡ji cwigvY 3 10 6 N .
N.
GKwU e¯‘ hLb Aci GKwU e¯‘i mv‡_ msNl© wjß nq, ZLb Zvi fi wbw`©ó _vK‡jI †e‡Mi cwieZ©b N‡U A_©vr
fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b nq| fi‡e‡Mi G cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cÖhy³ ej hZUzKz mgq a‡i e¯‘i Ici wµqv K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq
msNl© Kvj| msNl©Kvj hZ †ewk n‡e wbw`©ó cwigvY fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ej ZZ Kg n‡e|

Av‡jvP¨ NUbvwU‡Z UªvK Ges L‡oi Mv`vi g‡a¨ msNl©Kvj wQj t = 1.0 s Ges Uªv‡Ki fi, m = 1.5 10 kg
5

72  1000 −1
Pjgvb Ae¯’vq Uªv‡Ki †eM, v = 72 km hr −1 = ms = 20ms −1
60  60
Ges ‡_‡g hvIqv‡Z †eM, u = 0
−1
m( v −u ) (0 − 20)ms −1
 G‡ÿ‡Î UªvKwU _vgv‡Z cÖhy³ ej, F = = 1.5  10 kg
5

t 1.0s
= −30  105 kgms
−1
 UªvKwU‡K m¤ú~Y© _vgv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î L‡oi Mv`v Uªv‡Ki Dci 30  10 kgms ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e|
5

wKš‘ L‡oi Mv`vi cwie©‡Z †Kv‡bv k³ Mv‡Qi msNl© n‡j msNl©Kvj Av‡iv Kg n‡Zv| awi †m mgq t = c~‡e©i mg‡qi
A‡a©K, A_v©r t = 0.5s
−1
 cÖhy³ ej, F = m(v1 −v 2 ) = 1.5  105 kg (0 − 20)ms
t 0.5s
= −60  10 5 kgms −1

= 2  −30  10 5 kgms −1

= 2  c~‡e©i ej|
A_©vr c~‡e©i NUbvi wظY ej cÖhy³ n‡e d‡j L‡oi Mv`v cwie©‡Z Gi †P‡q k³ †Kvb e¯‘i mv‡_ av°v †L‡j UªvKwUi ÿq
ÿwZi cwigvY I wظY n‡Zv|

2 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt

XvKv − gqgbwms gnvmo‡K GKwU evm 54 kmh-1 †e‡M Pj‡Q| evm PvjK 46m `~‡i GKRb c_Pvix‡K iv¯Ív cvi
n‡Z †`‡L mv‡_ mv‡_ †eªK †P‡c w`‡jb| d‡j ev‡mi hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K coj| wKš‘ evmwU c_Pvixi 1m
mvg‡b G‡m †_‡g †Mj| PvjK c_Pvix‡K euvPv‡Z †c‡i nuvd †Q‡o euvP‡jb|
(K) fi‡eM Kx? 1
(L) ev‡mi hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K coj †Kb? 2
(M) evmwUi Z¡iY wbY©q Ki| 3
(N) evmwUi Avw`‡eM 55 kmh-1 n‡j Ges mgZ¡i‡Y evmwU _vgv‡bv n‡j `yN©Ubv Gov‡bv n‡Zv wKbv MvwYwZKfv‡e
Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
2 bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit

(K) fi‡eM Kx?

DËi : fi I †e‡Mi ¸Ydj‡K ejv nq fi‡eM|
(L) ev‡mi hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K coj †Kb?
DËi : evm PvjK †eªK Pvcvi ci ev‡mi hvÎxi mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K coj MwZ RoZvi Kvi‡Y| MvwowU MwZkxj _vKvq
Avinxi mg¯Í †`nB MwZkxj wQj| †eªK Pvcvi d‡j Mvwo _vgvi m‡½ hvÎxi wbgœvsk w¯’i Ae¯’vq _v‡K, wKš‘ †`‡ni
Dc‡ii Ask MwZ RoZvi cÖfv‡e MwZ eRvq ivL‡Z mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z Pvq| d‡j ev‡mi hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K
Suy‡K coj|
(M) evmwUi Z¡iY wbY©q Ki|
DËi :
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,

v2 = u2 + 2as −1 54  1000m
Avw`‡eM, u = 54 kmh =
60  60 sec
ev, 2as = v2 – u2
†kl‡eM, v = 0
v2 − u2 0 − (15ms-1)2
ev, a = =
2s 2  45 m miY, s = (46 – 1)m = 45m

 a = −2.5 ms-2 Z¡iY, a = ?

 wb‡Y©q Z¡iY – 2.5ms-2|

(N) evmwUi Avw`‡eM 55 kmh-1 n‡j Ges mgZ¡i‡Y evmwU _vgv‡bv n‡j `yN©Ubv Gov‡bv nZ Kxbv MvwYwZKfv‡e
Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : `~N©Ubv Gov‡bv m¤¢e n‡e hw` evmwU 46 m `yi‡Z¡ wVK c_Pvixi wbKU _vgv‡bv hvq|
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,
v2 = u2 – 2as 55  100m
Avw`‡eM, u = 55 kmh-1 =
ev, 2as = v2 – u2 60  60 sec

v2 - u2 0 - (15.278 ms-1)2 = 15.27 ms-1

ev, s = 2a =
2  (− 2.5 ms-2) †kN †eM, v = 0
= 46.68 m Z¡iY, a = −2.5 ms-2
 s = 46.68 m miY, s=?

G‡ÿ‡Î evmwU 46.68m `~i‡Z¡ _vg‡e, d‡j `yN©Ubv Gov‡bv m¤¢e bq

3 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt
Avwbm Zvi Gq¨viMvb w`‡q 0.5 gm f‡ii Gi GKwU ¸wj Qz‡o †`Lj GwU GKwU †`Iqv‡ji g‡a¨ 0.5cm Xy‡K †Mj| ¸wjwU cÖvq 500

ms-1 †e‡M Qz‡U wM‡qwQj| welqwU †m Zvi c`v_©weÁvb eB‡qi wbDU‡bi MwZ m~‡Îi gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z PvBj| †m fi ( m),
Z¡iY (a) Ges ej (F) c¯ú‡ii mv‡_ m¤úK© hy³ welqwU Avwe®‹vi Kij|

(K) ej Kx? 1

(L) wbDU‡bi MwZi wØZxq m~Î †_‡K 1g m~ÎwU cÖwZcv`b Ki| 2

(M) evav`vbKvix e‡ji gvb KZ? 3

(N) F, m I a Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki| 4

3 bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit

(K) ej Kx?
DËi : hv †Kv‡bv w¯’i e¯‘i Dci wµqv K‡i Zv‡K MwZkxj K‡i †Zv‡j A_ev MwZkxj e¯‘i Dci wµqv K‡i Zv‡K w¯’i K‡i ev Ki‡Z Pvq
Zv‡K ej e‡j|

(L) wbDU‡bi MwZi wØZxq m~Î †_‡K 1g m~ÎwU cÖwZcv`b Ki|

DËi : wbDU‡bi MwZi wØZxq m~Î †_‡K cÖ_g my‡Îi cÖwZcv`b :
wbDU‡bi wØZxq m~Î †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, F = ma
v−u v−u m(v − u)
ev, F = m t
[a=
t
] ev, F = t
ev, m (v − u) = Ft

GLb hw` evB‡i †_‡K ej cÖhy³ bv nq A_©vr F = 0 nq, Zvn‡j Dc‡iv³ mgxKiY †_‡K m(v − u) = 0| †h‡nZz e¯‘i fi m k~b¨ n‡Z
cv‡i bv, †h‡nZz v − u = 0  v = u
myZivs evB‡i †_‡K e¯‘i Ici †Kv‡bv ej cÖhy³ bv n‡j, e¯‘i †e‡Mi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
hw` u = 0 nq, Zvn‡j v = 0 A_©vr e¯‘ w¯’iB _vK‡e| Avi hw` u = 0 bv nq, Zvn‡j u Gi gvb t mgq Ry‡o v GiI †mB GKB gvb
_vK‡e A_©vr e¯‘wU mylg †e‡M Pj‡Z _vK‡e| myZivs evwn¨K ej cÖhy³ bv n‡j w¯’i e¯‘ wPiKvj w¯’i _vK‡e Avi MwZkxj e¯‘ mylg †e‡M
Pj‡Z _vK‡e| GwUB wbDU‡bi MwZ m¤úwK©Z cÖ_g m~Î|
AZGe wbDU‡bi MwZi wØZxq m~Î n‡Z cÖ_g m~ÎwU cÖwZcvw`Z n‡jv|

(M) evav`vbKvix e‡ji gvb KZ?

DËi : Avgiv Rvwb, evav`vbKvix ej = e¯‘i fi  e¯‘i Dci wµqvkxj Z¡iY
GLv‡b, ¸wji fi = 0.5 gm = 0.5  10-3kg
GLb, v2 = u2 + 2as
GLv‡b, u = ¸wji Avw`‡eM = 500ms-1
ev, 2as = v2 – u2
 u2 − v2
ev, a = − 2s
v = ¸wji †kl‡eM = 0ms-1

(500)2 − (0)2 s = AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ = 0.5  10-2m

ev, a = − 2  0.5  10-2

 ¸wji Z¡iY = 2.5  107 ms-2 a= Z¡iY =?

AZGe, evav`vbKvix e‡ji gvb = (0.5  10-3  2.5 107)N = 1.25  104N.

(N) F, m I a Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki|

DËi : F, m I a Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb : awi m f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ u Avw`‡eM wb‡q Pj‡Q | GLb e¯‘wUi Dci F ej t mgq a‡i cÖhy³
nIqv‡Z ÔaÕ Z¡iY m„wó nq| Avevi awi, a Z¡i‡Y t mgq P‡j e¯‘wUi †eM nj v |
myZivs, e¯‘wUi Avw` fi‡eM = mu
e¯‘wUi †kl fi‡eM = mv

t mg‡qi e¯‘i fi‡eMi cwieZ©b = mv - mu

mv − mu m(v − u) v-u
myZivs, fi‡eMi cwieZ©‡bi nvi = t
=
t
= ma Z¡iY, a = t

Avevi, wbDU‡bi MwZi wØZxq m~Îvbymv‡i,e¯‘i fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi cÖhy³ e‡ji mgvbycvwZK|
A_©vr, maF ev, ma = KF............... (i) GLv‡b, KGKwU mgvbycvwZK aªæeK|
hLb, m=1kg, a =1ms-2 ZLb, F = 1N aiv nq, d‡j 1 bs mgxKi‡Y
11 = K 1 ev, K =1nq|
A_©vr, fi m †K kg, Z¡iY a †K ms-2 Ges ej F †K N G cÖKvk Ki‡j mgxKiY (1) `uvovq,

F = ma GUvB F, m I a Gi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© |

4 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt
12kg 10kg

A B A B A B
6ms−1 4ms−1 F2 F1 4ms−1
msN‡l©i c~‡e© msN‡l©i mgq
msN‡l©i c‡i

(K) fi‡eM Kx? 1

(L) fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki| 2

(M) msN‡l©i ci B e¯‘wUi †eM wbY©q Ki| 3

(N) msN‡l©i c~‡e© I c‡i e¯‘؇qi fi‡eM msiwÿZ _v‡KÑ we‡kølY Ki| 4
4 bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËit

(K) fi‡eM Kx?

DËi : fi I †e‡Mi ¸Ydj‡K fi‡eM e‡j|

(L) fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m~ÎwU wee„Z Ki|

DËi : fi‡eM msiÿY m~Î: GKvwaK e¯‘i g‡a¨ ïay wµqv I cÖwZwµqv Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ej KvR bv Ki‡j †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó w`‡K Zv‡`i †gvU
fi‡e‡Mi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|

(M) msN‡l©i ci B e¯‘wUi †eM wbY©q Ki|

DËi :
Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, m1 = A e¯‘i fi = 12 kg
fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m~Îvbyhvqx Ñ
u1 = A e¯‘i msN‡l©i c~‡e© †eM = 6 ms-1
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
 12  6 + 10  4 = 12  4 + 10  v2 v1 = A e¯‘i msN‡l©i c‡ii †eM = 6 ms -1
ev, 72 + 40 = 48 + 10 v2
m2 = B e¯‘i fi = 10 kg
ev, 10v2 = 112 – 48 = 64
u2 = B e¯‘i msN‡l©i c~‡e© †eM = 4 ms-1
ev, v2 = 6.4
v2 = 6.4 ms-1 v2 = B e¯‘i msN‡l©i c‡i †eM = ?
AZGe, msN‡l©i ci B e¯‘wUi †eM 6.4ms-1

(N) msN‡l©i c~‡e© I c‡i e¯‘؇qi fi‡eM msiwÿZ _v‡KÑ we‡kølY Ki|
DËi : Avgiv Rvwb, e¯‘i fi‡eM = e¯‘i fi  e¯‘i †eM
msN‡l©i c~‡e© †gvU fi‡eM :
A e¯‘i fi = 12 kg ; A e¯‘i †eM = 6 ms-1
 A e¯‘i fi‡eM = 12  6 = 72 kgms-1
Ges B e¯‘i fi = 10 kg ; B e¯‘i †eM = 4 ms -1
 B e¯‘i fi‡eM = 10  4 = 40 kg ms-1
myZivs msN‡l©i c~‡e© A I B e¯‘؇qi †gvU fi‡eM = (72 + 40) kgms-1 = 112 kgms-1
msN‡l©i c‡i †gvU fi‡eM : A e¯‘i fi = 12 kg ; A e¯‘i †eM = 4ms-1
A e¯‘i fi‡eM = 12  4 = 48 kgms-1
Ges B e¯‘i fi = 10 kg; B e¯‘i †eM = 6.4 ms-1 [(M) bs cÖkœ Abyhvqx]
 B e¯‘i fi‡eM = 10  6.4 = 64 kgms-1
myZivs msN‡l©i c‡i A I B e¯‘؇qi †gvU fi†eM = (48 + 64) kgms-1 = 112 kgms-1
†`Lv hv‡”Q, msN‡l©i c~‡e© I c‡i fi‡e‡Mi †gvU mgwó mgvb|
AZGe, msN‡l©i c~‡e© I c‡i e¯‘؇qi fi‡eM msiwÿZ _v‡K|

5 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt

1| `ywU Mvwo 4ms-1 Ges 7ms-1 †eM wb‡q GKwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïiæ K‡i| G‡`i Z¡iY h_vµ‡g 0.5ms-2 Ges 0.4ms-2| Mvwo `ywU
GKB mgq †klcÖv‡šÍ †cuŠQvq| miY, Z¡iY Ges MwZKvj‡K h_vµ‡g s, a Ges t cÖZx‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq|

(K) †eM Kx? 1

(L) GKwU †gvUiMvwo 2ms-2 mylg Z¡i‡Y Pjv ïiæ Kij ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2

(M) DÏxc‡Ki Mvwo `ywU KZ mgq a‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask wb‡qwQj? 3

(N) DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ miY, Z¡iY I MwZKv‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU m¤úK© cÖwZôv Ki| 4

5 bs m„RbkxjcÖ‡kœi DËit
(K) †eM Kx?

DËi : mg‡qi mv‡_ †Kvb e¯‘i mi‡Yi nvi‡K †eM e‡j|

L) GKwU †gvUiMvwo 2ms-2 mylg Z¡i‡Y Pjv ïiæ Kij ej‡Z Kx †evS?

DËi : Avgiv Rvwb, †Kvb e¯‘i †eM hw` wbw`©ó w`‡K memgq GKB nv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j †m Z¡iY‡K mylg Z¡iY e‡j| †gvUiMvwowU
2ms-2 mylg Z¡i‡Y Pjv ïiæ Kij ej‡Z eySvq MvwowUi †eM cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 2ms-1 nv‡i e„w× cvq|

(M) DÏxc‡Ki Mvwo `ywU KZ mgq a‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask wb‡qwQj?

DËi : g‡b Kwi,

Mvwo `ywU t mgq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask wb‡q s wgUvi `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i|
1 GLv‡b,
cÖ_g Mvwoi †ÿ‡Î s = u1t + 2 a1t2 … … (1)

1 cÖ_g Mvwoi Avw` †eM, u1 = 4ms-1

Ges wØZxq Mvwoi †ÿ‡Î s = u2t + 2 a2t2 … … (2) cÖ_g Mvwoi Z¡iY a1 = 0.5ms-2
(1) Ges (2) mgxKiY †_‡K Avgiv cvB, wØZxq Mvwoi Avw`‡eM u2 = 7ms-1
wØZxq Mvwoi Z¡iY a2 = 0.4ms-2
1 1 mgq, t = ?
u1t + a t2 = u2t + a2t2
2 1 2
1
ev, (u1 - u2) t = 2 (a2 – a1) t2

2(u - u )
ev, t = a21- a12

2(4ms-1 - 7ms-1)
ev, t = 0.4ms-2 - 0.5ms-2

-6ms-1
=
-0.1ms-2
= 60s DËi : 60s

(N) DÏxc‡Ki †cÖwÿ‡Z miY, Z¡iY I MwZKv‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU m¤úK© cÖwZôv Ki|

DËi : g‡b Kwi, †Kvb e¯‘ u Avw`‡eM wb‡q a mylg Z¡i‡Y P‡j t mg‡q v †kl †eM cÖvß nq| g‡b Kwi G mg‡q e¯‘wU s `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i
s
A_©vr e¯‘wUi miY nq s| Zvn‡j e¯‘i Mo †eM n‡e v = t

ev, s = vt … … (1)
Avevi e¯‘wU mylg Z¡i‡Y P‡j e‡j Mo †eM n‡e Gi Avw` †eM Ges †kl †e‡Mi MvwYwZK M‡oi mgvb, A_©vr
 u+v
v= … … (2)
2
(1) mgxKi‡Y gvb ewm‡q Avgiv cvB
u+v
s= t … … (3)
2
Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb mg‡qi mv‡_ Amg †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j, A_©vr
v-u
a=
t
ev, v – u = at
ev, v = u + at
v Gi gvb (3) mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q Avgiv cvB,

s= u + u + at  t
 2 
1
ev, s = ut + 2 at2

1
A_©vr `~iZ¡ = Avw` †eM  MwZ Kvj + 2  Z¡iY  (MwZKvj)2

6 bs m„Rbkxj cÖkœt

2| XvKv − gqgbwmsn gnvmo‡K GKwU evm 54 kmh-1 †e‡M Pj‡Q| evm PvjK 46m `~‡i GKRb c_Pvix‡K iv¯Ív cvi n‡Z †`‡L mv‡_
mv‡_ †eªK †P‡c w`‡jb| d‡j ev‡mi hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K coj| wKš‘ evmwU c_Pvixi 1m mvg‡b G‡m †_‡g †Mj| PvjK c_Pvix‡K
euvPv‡Z †c‡i nuvd †Q‡o euvP‡jb| miY, Z¡iY Ges †kl‡eM‡K h_vµ‡g s, a Ges v cÖZx‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq|

(K) Z¡iY Kx? 1

(L) †e‡Mi cwieZ©b bv n‡j Z¡iY _v‡K bv Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

(M) DÏxc‡Ki evmwUi Z¡iY wbY©q Ki| 3

(N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ miY, Z¡iY I †kl †e‡Mi g‡a¨ GKwU m¤úK© cÖwZôv Ki| 4

6 bs m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœiDËi

(K) Z¡iY Kx?

DËi : mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i Amg‡e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|

L) †e‡Mi cwieZ©b bv n‡j Z¡iY _v‡K bv Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki|

DËi : Z¡i‡Yi msÁv n‡Z Avgiv Rvwb, mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i Amg †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j| hw` †e‡Mi cwieZ©b bv _v‡K A_©vr
†e‡Mi cwieZ©b k~b¨ (0) nq Z‡e cwieZ©‡bi nviI k~b¨ (0) n‡e| d‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î Z¡iY Avi _v‡K bv|

(M) DÏxc‡Ki evmwUi Z¡iY wbY©q Ki|

DËi :

Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b,

v2 = u2 + 2as 54  1000m
Avw`‡eM, u = 54 kmh-1 = 60  60 sec
ev, 2as = v2 – u2

v2 - u2
†kl‡eM, v = 0
ev, a = 2s miY, s = (46 – 1)m = 45m
0- (15ms-1)2
= Z¡iY, a = ?
2  45 m
 a = −2.5 ms-2
 wb‡Y©q Z¡iY – 2.5ms-2|

N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ miY, Z¡iY I †kl †e‡Mi g‡a¨ GKwU m¤úK© cÖwZôv Ki|
DËi : g‡b Kwi, †Kvb e¯‘ u Avw`‡eM wb‡q a mylg Z¡i‡Y t mgq P‡j v †kl †eM cÖvß nq| GB mg‡q e¯‘wU s `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i, A_©vr
e¯‘wUi miY nq s| Zvn‡j e¯‘i Mo †eM v n‡e|
s
v=
t
ev, s = vt … … (1)
Avevi e¯‘wU mylg Z¡i‡Y P‡j e‡j Mo †eM n‡e Gi Avw` †eM Ges †kl †e‡Mi MvwYwZK M‡oi mgvb, A_©vr
u+v
v= … … (2)
2
(1) bs mgxKi‡Y gvb ewm‡q Avgiv cvB

s= u + v t … … (3)
 2 
Avevi, Avgiv Rvwb, mg‡qi mv‡_ Amg †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j, A_©vr
v-u
a=
t
v-u
ev, t = a

 t –Gi GB gvb (3) mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q Avgiv cvB,

(u + v) v - u
s= 
2 a
v2 - u2
s=
2a

ev, v2 - u2 = 2as
 v2 = u2 + 2as
A_©vr (†kl‡eM)2 = (Avw`‡eM)2 + 2(Z¡iY)  (miY)
 cÖ¨vKwUm Askt-
Ávb (K) I Abyavebg~jK (L) cÖkœt
1. RoZv Kx? RoZv Kx‡mi Dci wbe©ikxj?
2. ‡_‡g _vKv evm Pj‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j hvÎxiv wUQ‡b †n‡j c‡o †Kb?
3. PjšÍ evm ‡_‡g †M‡j hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K c‡o †Kb?
4. ‡Kvb w¯’i e¯‘i RoZv Øviv Kx cwigvc Kiv nq?
5. ‡gŠwjK ej Kx? G‡`i ZxeªZvi Zzjbv Ki|
6. Mvwoi PvjKMb wmU †eë euv‡ab †Kb?
7. ej , ¯úk© ej , gnvKl© ej ,‡PŠ¤^K ej , Zwir ej I wbDwK¬q ej Kx?
8. wbDU‡bi 1g m~ÎwU Kx? G m~Î †_‡K Kxfv‡e RoZvi cÖgvb cvIqv hvq?
9. ¯úk© ej I A¯úk© ej Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
10. gnvKl© ej A¯úk© ej †Kb?
11. ‡gŠwjK ej Kx? Pviai‡bi †gŠwjK e‡ji bvg wjL|
12. gnvKl© ej , ZvwiZ‡PŠ¤^K ej , `~e©j wbDwK¬q ej I mej wbDK¬xq ej Kx?
13. mvg¨ I Amvg¨ ej Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
14. fi‡eM Kx? Gi gvÎv , GKK wjL|
15. cÖhy³ ej Kxfv‡e w¯’i e¯‘‡K MwZkxj Ki‡Z cv‡i?
16. cÖhy³ ej Kxfv‡e MwZkxj e¯‘i †eM e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i?
17. cÖhy³ ej Kxfv‡e MwZkxj e¯‘i †eM n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i?
18. cÖhy³ ej Kxfv‡e MwZkxj e¯‘i ‡e‡Mi w`K cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i?
19. cÖhy³ ej Kxfv‡e e¯‘i AvKvi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i?
20. cÖgvb Ki †h , F = ma A_©vr, ej = fi  Z¡ib
21. wbDU‡bi Z…Zxq m~ÎwU wee„wZ I e¨vL¨v Ki|
22. Avgiv iv¯Ívi Dci w`‡q †Kb nvuU‡Z cvwi?
23. e›`y‡Ki ¸wj †Pvovi mgq wcQ‡b av°v Abyfe nq †Kb?
24. msNl© Kx? e‡ji NvZ Kx? cÖgvb Ki †h , e‡ji NvZ = fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b
25. fi‡e‡Mi msiÿb m~ÎwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
26. A_ev, †`LvI †h , `yBwU e¯‘i msN‡l©i c~‡e©i I c‡ii fi‡e‡Mi mgwó mgvb|
27. Nl©b ej Kx? Nl©‡mi d‡j e¯‘i MwZ n«vm cvq Ges Ae‡k‡l K‡g hvq †Kb?
28. wewfbœ ai‡bi Nl©b e¨vL¨v Ki|
29. PvKv jvMv‡bv †Kvb e¯‘ †U‡b †bIqv mnR ‡Kb?
30.c¨vivmy‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ Kxfv‡e GKRb Av‡ivnx ax‡i ax‡i gvwU‡Z †b‡g Av‡m|
31. iv¯Ív gm„b n‡j Kx Kx Amyweavi m„wó nq?
32. Uvqvi cy‡iv‡bv n‡j Kx Kx Amyweav nq?
[Link]©b Kxfv‡e e„w× I n«vm Kiv hvq?
34. wcw”Qj ev †fRv iv¯Ívq nvUv KóKi †Kb?
35.‡L‡jvqvi‡`i ey‡Ui wb‡P ¯úvBK _v‡K †Kb?
36. Nl©‡bi myweav I Amyweav Kx Kx?
[Link]©b GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq Dc`ªe -e¨vL¨v Ki|
38. 50 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘i Dci KZ ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Gi Z¡ib 4ms −1 n‡e? [ Ans : 200 N ]
39. GKwU evjK 50 N ej Øviv 20 kg f‡ii GKwU ev·‡K av°v †`q| ev·wUi Z¡ib KZ n‡e? [ Ans : 2.5ms −2 ]
40. 5kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘i Dci 50 N ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡jv| e¯‘wUi Z¡ib KZ n‡e? [ Ans : 10 ms −2 ]
41. 10 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ 4ms −1 ‡e‡M MwZkxj n‡j Gi fi‡eM KZ n‡e? [ Ans : 40 kgms −1 ]
42. 20 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘i Dci 2000 N ej .01s mgq a‡i KvR K‡i| e¯‘i fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b KZ n‡e?
[ Ans : 200 kgms −1 ]

43. 5kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘i Dci 5N ej 5sec mgq a‡i wµqviZ| G mgq †k‡l e¯‘i fi‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b KZ?
[ Ans : 25 kgms −1 ]

44. GKwU e›`yK †_‡K †e‡M 10 g f‡ii GKwU ¸wj †Qvov n‡jv| e›`y‡Ki fi 2kg n‡j Gi cÖðvZ †eM wbY©q
Ki| [ Ans : 2.5ms −1 ]

cÖ¨vKwUm Askt-
m„Rbkxj iPbvg~jK cÖktœ

1. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

(K) Nl©b ej Kx?

 (L) Avgiv iv¯Ívi Dc‡i †Kb nvU‡Z mÿg nB?
(M) hw` v1 = v2 nq Z‡e v1 Ges v2 Gi gvb wbY©q K‡iv|
(N) wP‡Îi NUbv †_‡K fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m~ÎwU wKfv‡e cvIqv hvq we‡kølY K‡iv|
2. M1 (P) I M2 (Q) f‡ii `yBwU evm h_vµ‡g U1 I U2 Avw` †e‡M P‡j wKQzÿb ci P evmwU Q evmwU‡K av°v
w`‡j evm؇qi cwiewZ©Z †eM h_vµ‡g V1 I V2. Gi d‡j Q ev‡mi hvÎxiv w¯’wZ RoZv Ges P ev‡mi hvÎxiv MwZ
RoZv Abyfe Kij|
(K) RoZv wK?
(L) hvÎxiv RoZv Abyfe Kivi KviY eywS‡q wjL|
(M) ‡`LvI †h, evm `yBwUi av°v jvMvi c~‡e©i I c‡ii fi‡e‡Mi mgwó mgvb|
(N) hw` evm `yBwUi fi h_vµ‡g 4Kg I 6Kg nq Ges av°v jvMvi c~‡e© G‡`i †eM h_vµ‡g 12ms-1 I 2ms-1
nq Z‡e evm `yBwUi wgwjZ ‡eM wbY©q Ki|

3. dviyK 4kg f‡ii GKwU evµ GKwU †g‡Si Dci w`‡q mge‡j †U‡b wbj| ev· I †g‡Si ga¨Kvi Nl©Y e‡ji gvb
nj 1.5 N | ev·wU‡K †U‡b †bIqvq Gi Z¡iY nj 0.8 ms −2 | Gici ev·wU‡K Nl©Ywenxb †g‡S‡Z GKB ej cÖ‡qvM
K‡i Uvbv n‡jv|
(K) mvg¨ ej Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) Nl©Y ej †Kb Drcbœ nq?
(M) cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î ev·wUi Dci cÖhy³ e‡ji gvb wbY©q Ki|
(N) Nl©Yhy³ I Nl©Ywenxb †g‡S‡Z Z¡i‡Yi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki|

4. Rvwgj †Uwe‡j ivLv GKwU Kjg‡K †UvKv w`‡j †Uwe‡ji Dc‡i LvwbKUv `~‡i m‡i wM‡q †Uwe‡ji cÖvšÍ w`‡q wb‡P c‡o
†Mj| Gici †m †Uwe‡j ivLv GKwU eB‡K †UvKv w`‡q miv‡Z PvB‡j GwU †gv‡UI boj bv| GwU‡K miv‡Z wM‡q
†kl ch©šÍ Zv‡K av°vej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡jv|
(K) †Kv‡bv e¯‘i RoZv Gi Kx‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
(L) wµqv I cÖwZwµqv Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) †h e‡ji cÖfv‡e KjgwU wb‡P c‡o †Mj Zvi cÖK…wZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
(N) Dc‡iv³ NUbv¸‡jv n‡Z †Kvb †Kvb ivwki ¸YMZ aviYv cvIqv hvq Zv we‡kølY Ki|
5. evwmZ wbDU‡b `vMvw¼Z GKwU w¯cÖs wbw³ †`qv‡j Szwj‡q wbj| Gevi w¯cÖs- Gi wb‡Pi û‡K GKwU e¯‘ Szwj‡q w`j|
w¯cÖs wbw³i †¯‹j †_‡K e¯‘i IRb Z_v AwfKl© e‡ji cvV †iKW© Kij Ges Q‡K emvj| GKBfv‡e †m Av‡iv
K‡qKevi e¯‘wUi IRb wbY©q Ki‡jv Ges Q‡K ¯’vcb Ki‡jv|
µwgK msL¨v e¯‘i IRb
(wbDUb)
1 980
2 970
3 985
4 995
5 965
(K) †Kvb e‡ji Kvi‡Y wbDwK¬qvm n‡Z weUvÿq nq?
(L) wbDU‡bi wØZxq m~Î n‡Z cÖ_g m~Î Kxfv‡e cÖwZcv`b Kiv hvq?
(M) e¯‘wUi Mo IRb wbY©q Ki|
(N) w¯cÖs wbw³i cvV n‡Z fi wbY©q Ki‡j f‡ii Mo gvb A‡cÿv m‡ev©”P cvV kZKiv wn‡m‡e †ewk n‡j we‡kølY
Ki|

6. GKwU mvB‡Kj w¯’i Ae¯’v †_‡K hvÎv ïiy K‡i cÖ_g 10 †m‡K‡Û mgZ¡i‡Y P‡j 6 wg/†m †eM cÖvß nq| Gi ci
Av‡ivnx c¨v‡‡Wj Ki‡jI †eM e„w× cv‡”Q bv|
(K) ej Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) PjšÍ Mvwo nVvr †eªK Kl‡j hvÎxiv mvg‡bi w`‡K Sz‡K c‡o †Kb?
(M) Av‡ivnxmn mvB‡K‡ji fi 90 †KwR n‡j cÖ_g 10 †m‡K‡Û mvB‡K‡ji Dci wµqvkxj ej KZ wQj wbY©q Ki|
(N) c¨v‡Wj Kiv m‡Ë¡I mvB‡K‡ji †eM e„w× bv cvIqv cÖ_g m~‡Îi cwicwš’ bq- e¨vL¨v Ki|

7. Mv‡Qi Wv‡j 200 g f‡ii GKwU cvwL e‡m wQj| 5 g f‡ii GKwU GqviMv‡bi ¸wj we× n‡q cvwLwUi †`‡nB †_‡K
†Mj| M f‡ii ÷ªvBKvi u †e‡M m f‡ii K¨vivg †ev‡W©i GKwU w¯’i ¸wU‡K AvNvZ K‡i| AvNv‡Zi ci ÷ªvBKvi
I ¸wUi †eM h_vµ‡g v1 I v 2 nq|
(K) fi‡eM Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) gnvKl© ej ¯úk© bv K‡i GKwU e¯‘ Aci GKwU e¯‘i Ici cÖ‡qvM K‡i- D`vniY w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) we× nIqvi c~‡e© ¸wji †eM 50 ms −1 n‡j we× nIqvi c‡i cvwLwUi †eM KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖgvY Ki †h, Mu = Mv1 + mv2 .
8. GKRb bexb †mbv m`m¨ my¨wUs cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgq 3kg f‡i GKwU ivB‡dj †_‡K 15gm f‡ii GKwU ey‡jU Quvoj|
ey‡jUwU ivB‡dj †_‡K 1kms−1 †e‡M †ewi‡q †Mj|
(K) fi‡eM Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) MwZkxj †Kv‡bv e¯Íy MwZkxj _vK‡Z Pvq †Kb?
(M) ivB‡d‡ji cðvr †eM wbY©q Ki|
(N) DwjøwLZ NUbvq Kxfv‡e fi‡eM msiwÿZ n‡q‡Q Zvi MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v `vI|

9. A I B `ywU e¯‘i fi h_vµ‡g 20 kg Ges 30 kg | e¯‘ `yBwU GKB mij‡iLv eivei GKB w`‡K Pj‡Q| B Gi
Ae¯’vb A Gi mvg‡b Ges B e¯‘wU 10 ms −1 mg‡e‡M I A e¯‘wU w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 3ms −2 mgZ¡i‡Y Pj‡Q|
10 s c‡i A Ges B e¯‘Øq wgwjZ n‡q GKwU e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq Ges 18 ms −1 mg‡e‡M GKB w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K|

(K) wbDU‡bi MwZi cÖ_g m~ÎwU †jL|

(L) †gvUv K¤^j Szwj‡q †i‡L †eZ w`‡q AvNvZ Ki‡j K¤^j n‡Z ay‡jvevwj S‡o c‡o †Kb?
(M) e¯‘Øq wgwjZ nIqvi wVK c~e© gyn~‡Z© A e¯‘i †eM wbY©q K‡iv|
(N) Dc‡iv³ NUbv fi‡e‡Mi msiÿY m~·K mg_©b K‡i wK- MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g gZvgZ `vI|

10. GKwU 600 kg f‡ii UªvK 20 ms −1 †e‡M mij c‡_ MwZkxj i‡q‡Q| GwU Zvi Pjvi c‡_ 1400 kg f‡ii GKwU w¯’i
Uªv‡Ki mv‡_ av°v Lvq Ges G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ AvU‡K hvq| d‡j wgwjZ Ae¯’vq UªvK `ywU mvg‡bi w`‡K Pj‡Z
_v‡K|
(K) fi‡e‡Mi gvÎv Kx?
(L) GKwU DévwcÛ evqygÛ‡j `» n‡j fi‡eM Kx msiwÿZ n‡e?
(M) wgwjZ Mvwo `ywUi †eM KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
(N) msN‡l©i gyn~‡Z© hw` 200 kg f‡ii GKwU e¯Ív wgwjZ Mvwo؇qi GKwUi Dci 20 m / s †e‡M cwZZ nq, Zvn‡j
mgMÖ e¨e¯’vwUi †eM KZ n‡e? †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi KviY we‡kølY Ki|

11. GKw`b Rvjvj DwÏb mv‡ne Zvi e›`yK cwi®‹vi Kivi mgq fyjekZ wUªMvi Pvc c‡i e›`yK †_‡K 10 g f‡ii GKwU
¸wj 300 ms −1 †e‡M †ei n‡q cv‡ki Kv‡Vi Avjgvixi g‡a¨ 4.5cm cÖ‡ek K‡i †_‡g hvq| G‡Z e›`yKwUI wcQ‡bi
w`‡K m‡i Av‡m| e›`y‡Ki fi 6kg |
(K) FYvZ¥K Z¡iY Kx?
(L) †bŠKv †_‡K jvd w`‡j Zv wcQ‡bi w`‡K wcwQ‡q hvq †Kb?
 (M) e›`y‡Ki cðvr†eM KZ?
(N) Kv‡Vi g‡a¨ cÖ‡e‡ki mgq cÖhy³ e‡ji gvb wbY©q K‡i ¸wji †_‡g hvIqvi KviY we‡kølY K‡iv|

12. P I Q `ywU e¯‘i fi h_vµ‡g 20 kg I 30 kg | e¯‘ `ywU GKB mij‡iLv eivei Pj‡Q| Q Gi Ae¯’vb P Gi
mvg‡b Ges Q e¯‘wU 10 ms −1 mg‡e‡M I P e¯‘wU w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 3ms −2 mgZ¡i‡Y Pj‡Q| 10 sec ci P I
Q e¯‘Øq wgwjZ n‡q GKwU e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq Ges 18 ms −1 mg‡e‡M GKB w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K|

(K) Nl©Y Kx?

(L) mgq I mylg Z¡i‡Yi †jL n‡Z bwZ †Kgb n‡e?
(M) e¯‘Øq wgwjZ nIqvi wVK c~e© gyn~‡Z© P e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ †ei K‡iv|
(N) Dc‡iv³ NUbvwU †Kv‡bv m~Î mg_©b K‡i wK? MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g gZvgZ `vI|
13. D`q I weRq cwien‡bi `ywU Mvwo XvKv-PÆMÖvg gnvmoK a‡i h_vµ‡g 5ms −1 I 4ms −1 †e‡M ci¯úi wecixZ
w`K †_‡K AvmwQj| Nb Kzqvkvi Kvi‡Y †`L‡Z bv cvIqvq G‡`i g‡a¨ msNl© N‡U| msN‡l©i d‡j D`q cwien‡bi
MvwowU 1ms −1 †e‡M wcwQ‡q ‡h‡Z _vKj| [D`q I weRq cwien‡bi Mvwoi fi h_vµ‡g 1000 kg Ges 800 kg ]
(K) wbDU‡bi †Kvb MwZm~·K RoZvi m~Î ejv nq?
(L) Nl©Y GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq Dc`ªe-¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
(M) msN‡li ci weRq cwien‡bi MvwowU †kl‡eM KZ n‡e?
(N) msNl©Kvj hZ Kg n‡e cÖhy³ e‡ji gvb ZZ †ewk n‡e| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

14. 100 kg f‡ii GKwU gUi mvB‡K‡j BwÄb Pvjy bv nIvq av°vi cÖ‡qvRb nj| †gvUi mvB‡KjwU‡Z †cQb †_‡K 5 N
ej cÖ‡qvM Kivq 1 wgwbU ci Pvjy nj Ges PvjK 10 s cÖ_g wMqv‡i Gw·jv‡iUi a‡i ivL‡jb| G‡Z †gvUi
mvB‡KjwU 10 ms −1 †eM cÖvß nj| ciÿ‡YB †gvUi mvB‡KjwUi BwÄb eÜ n‡q †Mj Ges ÷vU© nIqvi gyn~‡Z© †_‡K
eÜ nIqv ch©šÍ †h `~iZ¡ wM‡qwQj †mB GKB `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i †_‡g †Mj|
(K) e‡ji NvZ Kv‡K e‡j?
(L) gnvKl© ej GKwU A¯úk© ej - eywS‡q wjL|
(M) †gvUi mvB‡KjwU ÷vU© nIqvi mgq Gi †eM KZ n‡qwQj?
(N) †gvUi mvB‡KjwUi BwÄb eÜ nIqvi Av‡M I c‡i Z¡i‡Yi I g›`‡bi gvb Kx GKB wQj- we‡kølY Ki|

15. 9cm cyiæ GKwU Z³vi mvg‡b `vwo‡q ïf Zvi wc¯Íj †_‡K 10 g f‡ii GKwU ey‡jU 300 ms −1 †e‡M Qzoj| G‡Z
ey‡jUwU Z³vi wfZi A‡a©K Xy‡K †_‡g †Mj|
(K) Nl©Y ej Kx ai‡bi ej?
(L) †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Dci cÖhy³ ej k~b¨ n‡j e¯‘wU w¯’i _vK‡e- e¨vL¨v Ki|
(M) DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ Z³vwUi evav`vbKvix ej KZ?
(N) wc¯Íj I ey‡j‡Ui wµqv cÖwZwµqv wbDU‡bi †Kvb m~·K mg_©b K‡i? m~ÎwUi MvwYwZK we‡kølY Ki|