UNIT-1 (INTRODUCTION TO AI)

SUB UNIT-1 (EXCITE)

Q1. What is an Artificial Intelligence?

Ans. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building
smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
[Link] does AI Work?
Ans. Artificial intelligence uses machine learning to mimic human intelligence. The computer has to learn
how to respond to certain actions, so it uses algorithms and historical data to create something and
perform action.
Example(ii): 1. What is today Weather? On google assistant
2. In some hotels When you enter a dark room, the sensors in the room detect your presence and turn
on the lights.
3. Some AI programs are able to identify your voice and perform an action accordingly. If you say, “turn
on the TV”, the sound sensors on the TV detect your voice and turn it on
Example (i). Game 1: Rock, Paper and Scissors (based on Data),
Game 2: Mystery Animal (based on Natural Language Processing - NLP) ,
Game 3: Emoji Scavenger Hunt (based on Computer Vision – CV)
Q3. What are the basic components of artificial intelligence?
Ans. The following are components of AI:-
I. Machine Learning
II. Deep Learning
III. Neural Networks
IV. Natural Language Processing
V. Computer Vision
VI. Cognitive Computing

Q4. What are the Types of Artificial Intelligence?

Ans. 3 Types of Artificial Intelligence
➢ Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
➢ Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
➢ Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
[Link] is Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)?
Ans. These Artificial Intelligence systems are designed
to solve one single problem and would be able to
execute a single task really well. By definition, they
have narrow capabilities, like recommending a
product for an e-commerce user or predicting the
weather.
Q6. What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?
Ans. It’s defined as AI which has a human-level of cognitive function, across a wide variety of domains
such as language processing, image processing, computational functioning and reasoning and so [Link]:
The most advanced computing systems and infrastructures, such as Fujitsu’s K or IBM’s Watson, it has
taken them 40 minutes to simulate a single second of neuronal activity.
Q7. What is Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)?
Ans. An Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) system would be able to surpass all human capabilities. This
would include decision making, taking rational decisions, and even includes things like making better art
and building emotional relationships.
Q8. What is machine Learning?
Ans. Machine learning, or ML, is an application of AI that
provides computer systems with the ability to
automatically learn and improve from experience
without being explicitly programmed. ML focuses on the
development of algorithms that can analyze data and
make predictions. Beyond being used to predict what
Netflix movies you might like, or the best route for your
Uber, machine learning is being applied to healthcare,
pharma, and life sciences industries to aid disease
diagnosis, medical image interpretation, and accelerate
drug development.
Q9. What is deep Learning?
Ans. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that employs artificial neural networks that learn by
processing data. It teaches a machine to process inputs through layers in order to classify, infer and
predict the outcome. Another form of deep learning is speech recognition, which enables the voice
assistant in phones to understand questions like, “Hey Siri, How does artificial intelligence work?”
[Link] is a Neural Network?
Ans. Neural Networks work on the similar principles as of Human Neural cells. They are a series of
algorithms that captures the relationship between various underlying variables and processes the data
as a human brain does. The best examples come in the form of large data sets, like, say, a set of 1,000
cat photos. By processing the many images (inputs) the machine is able to produce a single output,
answering the question, “Is the image a cat or not?”
[Link] is a NLP?
Ans. A component of Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing is the ability of a machine to
understand the human language as it is spoken. The objective of NLP is to understand and decipher the
human language to ultimately present with a result. Most of the NLP techniques use machine learning
to draw insights from human language.
[Link] is a Computer Vision?
Ans. Computer vision is a technique that implements deep learning and pattern identification to
interpret the content of an image; including the graphs, tables, and pictures within PDF documents, as
well as, other text and video. Computer vision is an integral field of AI, enabling computers to identify,
process and interpret visual data. Examples: face Recognition , Autonomous vehicle etc.
[Link] do you mean by Cognitive Computing?
[Link] computing algorithms try to mimic a human brain by analyzing
text/speech/images/objects in a manner that a human does and tries to give the desired output.
[Link] is a Chatbot?
Ans. A chatbot is a computer program that simulates human conversation through voice commands or
text chats or both. Chatbot, short for chatterbot, is an artificial intelligence (AI) feature that can be
embedded and used through any major messaging applications.
Q15. What Makes AI Technology So Useful?
Artificial intelligence offers several critical benefits that make it an excellent tool, such as:
Automation – AI can automate tedious processes/tasks, without any fatigue.
Enhancement – AI can enhance all the products and services effectively by improving experiences for
end-users and delivering better product recommendations.
Analysis and Accuracy– AI analysis is much faster and more accurate than humans. AI can use its ability
to interpret data with better decisions.
Q16. What are the Advantages of Artificial Intelligence?
• Reduction in human error
• Available 24×7
• Helps in repetitive work
• Digital assistance
• Faster decisions
• Rational Decision Maker
• Medical applications
• Improves Security
• Efficient Communication

Top Used Applications in Artificial Intelligence

Google’s AI-powered predictions (E.g.: Google Maps)
Ride-sharing applications (E.g.: Uber, Lyft)
AI Autopilot in Commercial Flights
Spam filters on E-mails
Plagiarism checkers and tools
Facial Recognition
Search recommendations
Voice-to-text features
Smart personal assistants (E.g.: Siri, Alexa)
Fraud protection and prevention.

History of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence technology is much older than you would imagine and the term “AI” is not new for
researchers. The term “AI” was first coined at Dartmouth college in 1956 by a scientist called Marvin
Minsky.
The below picture depicts an advancement in AI
 Career Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Jobs in AI have been steadily increasing over the past few years and will continue growing at an
accelerating rate. 57% of Indian companies are looking forward to hiring the right talent to match up the
Market Sentiment. On average, there has been a 60-70% hike in salaries of aspirants who have
successfully transitioned into AI roles. Mumbai stays tall in the competition followed by Bangalore and
Chennai. As per research, the demand for AI Jobs have increased but efficient workforce has not been
keeping pace with it. As per WEF, 133 million jobs would be created in Artificial Intelligence by the year
2020.
1. Which one of the following is an application of AI?
a. Remote controlled Drone b. Self-Driving Car
c. Self-Service Kiosk d. Self-Watering Plant System
2. This language is easy to learn and is one of the most popular language for AI today:
a. C++ b. Python
c. Ruby d. Java
3. Which was the first chatbot ever made?
a. Eliza b. Siri
c. Alexa d. Google Assitant
4. Which of the following is not a stage in the AI Project Cycle:
a. Problem Scoping b. Data Acquisition
c. Data Exploration d. Prototyping
5. This field is enabling computers to identify and process images like humans do:
a. Face Recognition b. Model-view-controller
c. Computer Vision d. Eye-in-Hand System
6. What does NLP stand for in AI?
a. Neutral Learning Projection b. Neuro-Linguistic Programming
c. Natural Language Processing d. Neural Logic Presentation
7. This is a program that allows the computer to simulate conversation with a human being:
a. Speech Application Program Interface b. Chatbot
c. Voice Recognition d. Speech Recognition
8. This is a system of Programs and Data-Structures that mimics the operation of the human brain:
a. Intelligent Network b. Decision Support System
c. Neural Network d. Genetic Programming
9. Where is Decision tree used?
a. Classification Problem b. Regression Problem
c. Clustering Problem d. Dimensionality Reduction
10. Who is known as the -Father of AI"?
[Link] Ada [Link] Turing
[Link] McCarthy [Link] Newell
[Link] of the following is the branch of AI?
a) Machine Learning
b) Cyber forensics
c) Full-Stack Developer
d) Network Design
12. _____ is the goal of AI.
a) To solve artificial problems
b) To extract scientific causes
c) To explain various sorts of intelligence
d) To solve real-world problems
13. What is an AI ‘agent’?
a) Takes input from the surroundings and uses its intelligence and performs the desired operations
b) An embedded program controlling line following robot
c) Perceives its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators
d) All of the mentioned
Q14.A technique that was developed to determine whether a machine could or could not demonstrate the
artificial intelligence known as the___
a)Boolean Algebra b)Turing Test
c)Logarithm d)Algorithm