DR.
LEARNI JAVIER
Lecture Outline:
• Introduction
• The Types of Knowledge
• What is the Goal of Science
• Good Science
•The Scientific Method
What is this?
Toughest Living Thing on Earth
Cryptobiosis is a metabolic state of life
entered by an organism in response to
adverse environmental conditions such
as desiccation, freezing, and oxygen
deficiency.
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The Types
of
It is also a statement about
what you accept as sufficient
“real” to allow you to take
action upon and thereby live
Knowledge is a familiarity, your life.
awareness,
or understanding of someone
or something, such as facts,
information, descriptions, or
skills, which is acquired
through experience or
education by perceiving, Examine this statement: “Dragons are
discovering, or learning. real”
What does your knowledge tell you?
• Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to
be the case regardless of empirical evidence to prove that
something is the case with factual certainty.
• It is a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented
towards the likelihood of something being true.
• Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of
guiding action rather than indicating truth.
• In epistemology, philosophers use term “belief” to refer to
personal attitudes associated with true or false ideas and
concepts.
“For example, we never ponder whether or not the sun will rise.
We simply assume the sun will rise.”
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• A hypothesis or model is
called falsifiable if it is possible to
conceive of an experimental observation
that disproves the idea in question.
• That is, one of the possible outcomes of
the designed experiment must be an
answer, that if obtained, would disprove
the hypothesis.
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• Jan Baptista van
Helmont (1580-1644)
partially discovered the process
of photosynthesis.
• He grew a willow tree in a
weighed amount of soil.
• After five years,
he discovered that the willow tree
weighed about 74 kg more than
it did at the start.
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What is the
Goal of
Science?
What is a fact?
A fact is a statement that is true and can be
verified objectively, or proven. In other
words, a fact is true and correct no matter
what.
An opinion, however, is a statement that
holds an element of belief; it tells how
someone feels. An opinion is not always
true and cannot be proven.
• The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument
used to estimate the number of active,
communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the
Milky Way galaxy.
• Frank Donald Drake (born May 28, 1930) is an
American astronomer and astrophysicist. He is
involved in the search for extraterrestrial
intelligence and the one who developed the Drake
equation.
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What is Good Science?