DESIGN THINKING & INNOVATION

UNIT – I Introduction to Design Thinking: Introduction to elements and principles of Design, basics of
design-dot, line, shape, form as fundamental design components. Principles of design. Introduction to
design thinking, history of Design Thinking, New materials in Industry

What is Design?

A design’s end goal is to find an innovative solution; this solution’s prettification is a secondary matter.

Therefore, it’s safe to say that design is the arrangement of visual elements that aims to solve a real-world
problem. As designs become more complex, they evoke feelings that form experiences. Fundamentally, it
helps us shape the world we live in and impact the way we perceive reality.

Design can be structural, functional and decorative design.

Structural design is that which determines ‘form’ but not surface ornamentation
Functional design refers to the way in which apparel performs
Decorative Design:The structural design is reinforced or enhanced by appropriate selection of
the fabric and colour and addition of trims, ornaments or embellishments

Design: plan of a system, its implementation and utilization for attaining a goal (change undesired to
desired)

Designing: How a design is developed (Both Goal and Plan)

Designs can be for: Technical systems, Educational systems, aesthetic systems (logo design,
advertisements), legal systems, social, religious or cultural systems, theories, Models etc.

Elements and principles of Design:

Design to Design thinking
➢ Design or making , has been classically understood to be a process of turning ideas into things

➢ In this design process there is a vision or an idea, it can be figured out by some drawings work with
fabrications of crafts and if everything worked out right then it be materialized.

➢ So, there is a direct correspondence between ideas, drawings, and finished products. This design process
called as Direct Design

➢ This is what most people understand design to be, and what they understand designers to do that they
turn their creative ideas into things.

➢ “Design thinking is simply a form of human centered responsive design broad name “Design Thinking”

➢ The simplest way to understand how responsive design transforms direct design is to see that it adds a
new critical step prior to beginning of direct design called Consultation.
➢ During consultation the design thinking variants of design asks: what are up to? What are the problems?
Then the phase of ideation becomes collective: brain storming, group improvisation and other collaboration
exercise are added to mix.

➢ Then response design works as iterative loop. This loop is significant because it allows the object to
evolve through testing and use and not come out of designers thought.

➢ Response design has had an enormous impact for good. Environmentally centered design is of great
value as is user centered design

➢ A huge part of design thinking appeals that it claims to be an exceptional source of innovation
Definitions of Design Thinking:

Design thinking is a methodology that designers use to brainstorm and solve complex problems related to
Designing and Design engineering.

Design thinking is a human- centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to
integrate the needs of people , the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success—
Tim Brown CEO of IDEO

Design thinking is an approach that frames problems creatively and generates innovative solutions ,
strategies , systems and paradigms at the nexus of domain.

Design thinking is a human centered innovation process that emphasizes observations, collaboration, fast
learning, visualization and rough prototyping. The objective is to solve not only the stated problems at
hand, but the real problems behind the obvious—Thomas Lockwood

Design thinking refers to creative strategies designers utilize during the process of designing.

Design thinking can be described as a discipline that uses the designer’s sensibility and methods to match
peoples’ needs with what is technologically feasible and what a viable business strategy can convert into
customer value and market opportunity---Tim brown

Design thinking:

A systematic approach to solve design problems by understanding users’ needs and developing insights to
solve those needs User problems, pains and issues is central to design thinking not technology. The
technology is enabler to solve the user problems.

Design thinking:

A framework means there are a series of steps to follow. There are no hard rules in Design Thinking. Just
some guidelines that we will use

Why design thinking?

⚫ This will help address, identify and solve problems creatively whatever the filed of specialization

What is design thinking?

⚫ Step by step process thinking for creating new or improved good or service

⚫ The creation of solutions that meets requirements or needs

⚫ The best journey from between problem to solution is called “design thinking”
History of Design thinking

Four Noble truths

1. Dukkha: The truth of suffering in the world, acknowledgement of suffering:

because of death, birth, aging, diseases, losing of like things etc..Therefore Buddha suggested that
happiness and suffering is part and parcel of our life

2. Samudhaya: The root cause of suffering, i.e. source of suffering: Meditate, Talk to experts, talk to
family members for finding the root cause

3. Nirodha or Cessation: The end of suffering, After finding the root cause of suffering then find how to
mitigate

4. Marga: Path to the end of suffering, Set yourself a path to the end of suffering
 [Link] The four Noble truths Design Description
thinking

1 DUKKH A Empathy Know the customer suffering

2 SAMUDAYA Analyze Know the Root cause of suffering

3 N I RO D H A Solve End to the suffering by offering

your solution with your
idea/Innovation
4 MARG A Test Make sure their suffering are end or
their problems are over

Basic principles of “design thinking”

1. Emphasis on user experience and empathy

Design thinking caters to finding solutions responsive to customer needs and user feedback. As compared
to the conventional norms, now it’s the user and not technology that drives innovation.
Design-centric organizations encourage teams to observe consumer behavior rather than making general
assumptions and understand what people need and want, the emotional and psychological consumer
experience, potential barriers, attitudes, and opportunities. Journey maps, persona creation, task analysis,
and interviews are some ways to gather data from actual service users. Personas help designers empathize
with consumers throughout the design process.
2. Collaboration
Having empathized with your customers, you need to push the envelope further, trying to clarify and fine-
tune things further. Review for new unmet needs or unexpected barriers that should redirect your thinking,
following which you would need to compile and present this data to business stakeholders. This could
range from the information architecture of the application and interaction pattern to visual design, common
icons to be used, style guides, etc.
Design thinking supports collaboration between diverse, multidisciplinary teams, i.e., marketing and design
teams, which may not usually work with, and ensures that you have actionable cues and guidance for the
design process – that supports innovation!

3. Generating ideas and solutions

Once the problem is identified, you start generating many ideas to drive your solutions since design
thinking is a solution-based framework. Focus on developing as many ideas and solutions as possible.

4. Experimentation and replication

Design thinking does not end with idea generation. You now have to develop prototypes, test the design,
incorporate changes based on user feedback, etc. In short, design thinking can be a somewhat repetitive
process as you identify flaws in the early versions of your proposed solution.

5. Proactive engagement

Design thinking involves a highly proactive, action-oriented approach to problem-solving. Rather than
theorizing about users’ needs, design thinking encourages customer engagement to develop tangible
prototypes and test them in real-world contexts.
6. Be prepared for setbacks

A design culture recognizes that things always don’t go right the first time.
7. Flexibility

Designing for flexibility is based on being prepared for changes to your system in the future. You may want
to get more complex in the future or swap out an item or object for another one to match the scale of your
project. Where designs are rigid, developers prefer to start working on an entirely new design than
modifying the existing one. This impacts the time and costs of the project.
8. Keep it simple

Products developed with an emotional value proposition are generally simpler than competitors’ products
or platforms. The straightforwardness stems from deliberate decisions about what the product should do
and – equally important – what it shouldn’t. Removing features allows you to offer your customers a
simple experience.
Short Answer Questions

1. What is Design? write its types-2M

2. Explain Design to Design thinking-2M

4. What is design thinking?-2M

3. Application of design thinking-2M

Long Answer Questions

1. What are the elements of design? Explain-5M

2. What are principles of design? Explain-5M

3. Write History of Design thinking-5M

4. Explain Basic principles of design thinking-5M