Scribd
Upload
5 views2 pages

Cockroach Proper Learning Notes

Cockroaches are insects belonging to Phylum Arthropoda and Class Insecta, characterized by their elongated bodies and nocturnal omnivorous behavior. They possess a complex morphology with distinct head, thorax, and abdomen sections, and have various systems including digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. Economically, they are considered pests as they spoil food and can carry diseases.

Uploaded by

gourir2309
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views2 pages

Cockroach Proper Learning Notes

Cockroaches are insects belonging to Phylum Arthropoda and Class Insecta, characterized by their elongated bodies and nocturnal omnivorous behavior. They possess a complex morphology with distinct head, thorax, and abdomen sections, and have various systems including digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. Economically, they are considered pests as they spoil food and can carry diseases.

Uploaded by

gourir2309
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Cockroach – Proper Learning Notes (NCERT)

1. Introduction
• Cockroaches belong to Phylum Arthropoda and Class Insecta.
• They are brown or black insects; some tropical species show bright colours.
• Size ranges from 0.6–7.6 cm.
• They are nocturnal omnivores living in damp places and human dwellings.
• They act as pests and vectors of diseases.

2. Morphology
• Body is elongated, dorsoventrally flattened and covered by chitinous exoskeleton.
• Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen.
• Exoskeleton has sclerites: tergites (dorsal) and sternites (ventral).

2.1 Head
• Triangular, formed by fusion of six segments.
• Highly mobile due to flexible neck.
• Bears compound eyes, antennae and biting-chewing mouthparts.

2.2 Thorax
• Divided into prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax.
• Each segment bears a pair of walking legs.
• Forewings (tegmina) are leathery; hind wings are membranous for flight.

2.3 Abdomen
• Consists of 10 segments in both sexes.
• Anal cerci present in both sexes.
• Anal styles present only in males.

3. Digestive System
• Alimentary canal divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut.
• Crop stores food; gizzard grinds food with chitinous teeth.
• Gastric caeca secrete digestive enzymes.
• Malpighian tubules help in excretion.

4. Circulatory System
• Open type circulatory system.
• Blood is haemolymph and flows in haemocoel.
• Heart is tubular with ostia.

5. Respiratory System
• Tracheal system with 10 pairs of spiracles.
• Oxygen delivered directly to tissues by tracheoles.

6. Excretory System
• Malpighian tubules excrete nitrogenous waste as uric acid.
• Cockroach is uricotelic.

7. Nervous System
• Ventral, solid and ganglionated.
• Brain is supra-oesophageal ganglion.
• Shows mosaic vision and can survive without head for a short time.

8. Reproductive System
• Cockroaches are dioecious.
• Males have testes, vas deferens and accessory glands.
• Females have ovaries, oviducts and spermathecae.
• Eggs are enclosed in ootheca.

9. Development
• Development is paurometabolous.
• Nymph resembles adult and moults about 13 times.

10. Economic Importance


• Spoil food and contaminate it with excreta.
• Act as carriers of disease-causing organisms.

You might also like