SILVER
Presented By: Sudip, Sushant and Umanga
Table of contents
01
Introduction
03
Principle
Compounds
of Ag
AgCl and AgNO3
02
Extraction
01
Introduction
Introduction
The Latin name of Silver is Argentum which
means white. Silver is very important metal
having ornamental value.
Silver
Symbol: Ag
Atomic Number: 47
Atomic mass: 107.9 amu
Electronic Configuration:
4d10 5s1
Occurence
Native state
USA, Mexico, Canada
Combined state
Ores:
[Link] or Silver Glance: Ag2S
2. Horn Silver or (Chloragyrite): AgCl
3. Ruby Silver or (Pyragyrite): Ag2Sb2S3
4. Copper Silver Glance: Ag2S.Cu2S
02
Extraction
STEPS:
Crushing and Concentration Treatment
Grinding with NaCN
Soln
Precipitation Purification
of Silver Electrorefining
Crushing and Grinding
The ore (Argentite Ag2S) is first crushed and then
grinded into the powder.
Concentration
The Powdered ore of silver is concentrated by froth
Floatation.
Treatment with NaCN /(KCN) soln
The concentrated ore is treated with aq. Sol. of NaCN (0.5%) and a current of air is
continuously passed to have a soluble complex.
The reaction is reversible. The air helps the reversible reaction to proceed to completion by
oxidizing sodium sulphide to sodium thiosulphate and Sulphur.
Precipitation of Silver
The solution of complex salt from above is filtered to remove
insoluble impurities and the solution is then treated with Zn-
dust to get the ppt of silver.
2 Na [Ag (CN)2] + Zn → Na2 [ Zn (CN)4] + 2 Ag↓
(Sod. zincocyanide)
The precipitated silver is filtered out and dried.
Silver thus obtained by cyanide process is called Spongy silver.
Purification
The obtained silver still may contain many
impurities and hence is purified by Electrolytic
refining
Electrolytic refining
In this process , the anode is made up of impure silver and a thin sheet of cathode is made
up of pure silver. Both the electrodes are dipped into the silver nitrate solution (acidified
with about 1% HNO3) taken in electrolytic tank.
When an electrical current is passed through
the solution , silver gets oxidized at anode and
passes into the solution as Ag+ ion which is
then reduced and deposited at the cathode as
pure silver. The overall cell reaction involves the
following steps.
The impurities like Zn, Cu etc. are also oxidized to their respective ions and then form water
soluble nitrate salts whereas the impurities like Au, Pt (if present) settle down under the
anode as anode mud.
03
Compounds of Ag
Compounds Of Ag
1 2
AgCl AgNO3 Pro
You can explain your
Silver Chloride Silver Nitrate product or your
service
Silver Chloride (AgCl)
Prep:
AgCl is prepared by treating silver nitrate solution with HCl.
AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
(white ppt)
Uses
1. 1. AgCl is used in photography to prepare photographic
plate or papers etc.
2. 2. It is also used as an important reference electrode in
electrochemical series.
3. 3. Silver chloride can also be used to make antiseptic and
disinfectants.
Silver Nitrate (Lunar Caustic)
Prep:
AgNO3 can be prepared by dissolving Ag-metal in
dil. HNO3 followed by crystallization.
3 Ag + 4 dil.HNO3 → 3 AgNO3 + 2H2O + NO↑
Uses:
1. AgNO3 is used as lab. reagent, mostly for the detection
of halides.
2. It is used for making Tollen's reagent, for the detection
of aldehydes, for silvering mirrors.
3. Silver nitrate solution is used as an electrolyte in the
purification of silver by electro refining process.