2024 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science

A Super-wide band DGS based Circularly Polarized

2024 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS) | 979-8-3503-4846-0/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/SCEECS61402.2024.10482254

Wearable Antenna for S-band, C-band, X-band & Ku-

band Applications
Yashika Sahu Hemant Amhia
Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department
Jabalpur Engineerng College, Jabalpur, India Jabalpur Engineerng College, Jabalpur, India
yashikasahu095@[Link] hamhiya@[Link]

Abstract— A low-profile, super-wide band circularly polarized radiation patterns at various frequencies [13-15], as noted by
(CP) wearable textile antenna has been presented in this these publications, are important to account for the differences
manuscript which operates in S, C, X & Ku-band. The dimensions in on/off-body communication applications. Specifically, it is
of the antenna are 50×52×2.04mm3 and it is fed by a 50Ω reported that these two communication modes are suitable for
microstrip line by inset feeding technique. The ground is partially the dual-mode operation that combines linear & circular
defected to improve the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and the polarization [18]. In [18], a multiband with dual-polarization,
edges of the rectangular patch are chamfered to provide circular button shaped wearable antenna to meet the criteria for on/off
polarization. The IBW is 123.618% (3.78GHz-16GHz) and the body communications at the same time. A folded crossed-dipole
average gain is 3.75dBi throughout the operating bandwidth. It
is fabricated with slotting and a 90° phase-shifting stub which is
provides dual bands of axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) with lower
band of 0.339GHz (5.625GHz-5.964GHz) and upper band of
used to create a single-port with low-profile compact structure
0.541GHz (12.793-13.335GHz). The antenna is suitable for in a constrained button-shaped antenna. By using this procedure,
telemedicine (Industrial Scientific & Medical-band), 5G it gives a compact structure with broadside radiation for off-
communication, defense applications (X-band), satellite body communications and a large 3 dB ARBW of 31.4%. This
communication (Ku-band) and allied technologies. The prototype button antenna is similar to an omnidirectional low-pass filter
has been fabricated for experimental validation. (LP) monopole in the lower band. This is achieved by employing
Keywords— Health monitoring, W-BAN, IoT, Flexible. quarter-wave lines to correctly short the dipole arms, forming an
analogous circular disk radiator at 2.45 GHz. There is no effect
of these quarter-wave lines on the performance of upper
I. INTRODUCTION frequency band crossed-dipole.
In this paper, a super wideband bendable circularly polarized
wearable antenna has been put forward for multiband

F
LEXIBLE and low-profile wearable antennas have played
a crucial role in the rapid advancement of the recent applications such as S-band, C-band, X-band & Ku-band based
wireless and mobile communication technologies, which on DGS technique which is used to enhance the isolation.
have been evolving to satisfy the growing demands of Truncated patch has been used to achieve circular polarized
smart communication, military and medical treatment[1- radiation by generating two orthogonal modes in the range of
3].Wearable antennas, which are quite flexible and have been 5.625 to 5.964 GHz (5.85 %) and 12.793 to 13.335 GHz
assembled into clothing employing textile fabrics [4], [5], [6], (4.14%). A max. gain of 4.9 dBic is achieved whereas; an
[7], such as conductive fabrics [8], denim, taffeta, and nylon, average gain of 3.75 dBic has attained throughout the operating
could be made from a variety of sophisticated textiles. band. The suggested structure has been fabricated to validate the
Unfortunately, the performance of the antenna is commonly design concept and its measured reflection coefficient are well
deteriorated by the textile materials' easy appearance of fractures matched with simulated ones. Due to flexibility of the material,
with human mechanical movement [9], [10]. New conductive it is suitable for the body worn application in various frequency
materials that can be directly incorporated into polymers to bands. Thus, it is a promising candidate for the wearable
boost mechanical strength, including conductive foils [11] and applications in multiband operations.
conductive ink [12], are gaining popularity as science and II. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
technology advance.
From this juncture, scientists expanded the antenna integration The schematic of presented wearable antenna is
idea with new features [13–18]. A dual-band linear polarization demonstrated in fig. 1. It has a defected ground at the bottom
(LP) button antenna with omnidirectional emission at center and the substrate is packed between the patch and ground. Since
frequency of 2.4 GHz and a boresight radiation pattern at second the antenna is designed to be integrated with clothing, it is made
resonant of 5.8 GHz has suggested in [13] and a single up of cordura with dielectric constant 1.9 and loss tangent
resonating band button shaped wearable antenna with broadside 0.009. The patch is rectangular in shape with diagonally
CP radiation for off-body communications has been depicted at opposite edges truncated to introduce circular polarization in
5.8 GHz in [18]. It is fabricated with open-loop monopole the structure. It is fed by a 50Ω microstrip line and the
shaped geometry. Two different resonating bands with its dimensions of the substrate are 50×52×2mm3. The structure

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 (a) (b)
Fig. 3. Snapshot of the fabricated structure (a) front view (b) back. view.

Fig. 1. Detailed structure of the projected antenna (a) front view (b) back view
(c)combined view (Ls=50mm, Ws=52mm, Wg=21mm, p=13.66mm, q=9.9mm,
r=8.87mm, i=0.87mm, f=22.97mm).

is compact and low-profile which makes it easily integral with

body wear. The ground has been partially defected to enhance
the impedance bandwidth. The chamfered edges provide phase
quadrature to the current flow leading to the circularly polarized
nature of proposed antenna. Fig. 4. [Link] mea. reflection coefficient |S11|.

The evolutionary steps which lead to the final geometry of

the proposed antenna are shown in fig. 2. Initially, a rectangular
patch fed by an inset microstrip line is designed. Secondly, the
ground is partially defected to improve the impedance
bandwidth. Finally, the diagonally opposite edges of the
rectangle shaped patch are chamfered for CP radiation.

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 2. Evolution steps of the projected antenna.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The snapshot of the fabricated prototype has been illustrated Fig. 5. Simulated axial ratio band width.
in fig 3. The simulated (sim.) and measured (mea.) reflection
The surface current distribution over the patch at 5.8 GHz
coefficient |S11| plot is shown in fig 4. A good coincidence is
and 13 GHz is shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7 respectively. The anti-
found between the simulated and measured results. The
clockwise rotation of current confirms Left-hand circular
impedance BW of 12.236 GHz ranging from 3.78 GHz to
polarization (LHCP) characteristics of the antenna. Figure 8
16.016 GHz is attained and the dual-bands of axial ratio
shows that the projected antenna has an optimum gain of 3.75
bandwidths are obtained. The lower band is of 339 MHz and
dBic throughout the band of interest and radiation efficiency is
the upper band is of 541 MHz is displayed in fig. 5.

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also maintained as shown in fig. 9. The radiation patterns at
various resonant frequencies such 5.8GHz and 13GHz are
displayed in fig 10. 3D radiation pattern has been also depicted
in fig 11. The comparative analysis with previous published
literature has been done in table1 which shows the better
radiation performance over the earlier work.

(a) (b)
Fig. 6. Current distribution on patch at 5.8 GHz (a) 00 (b)900.
Fig. 9. Simulated total and radiation efficiency.

(a) (b)
Fig. 7. Current distribution on patch at 13 GHz (a)00 (b)900.

Fig. 10. Simulated LHCP and RHCP radiation pattern at (a) 5.8 GHz in x-z
plane (b)13GHz in x-z plane (c) 5.8 GHz in y-z plane (d) 13 GHz in y-z plane.

Fig. 8. Simulated gain of the projected antenna.

Fig. 11. 3D radiation pattern in boresight direction at 9 GHz.

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 TABLE I. [8] M. A. S. Tajin et al., “On the effect of sweat on sheet resistance of knitted
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[19] 81 × 81 × 4 NA 14.7 7.3
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[20] 42× 28 × 4 NA 10 6.7 “Effects of textile weaving and finishing processes on textile-based wearable
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