Design of springs

CHAPTER

6
Complex Numbers and their Properties (b) If g(z) and h(z) are differentiable at zo, then f(z)
is also differentiable at zo.
1. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2023: 1M] (c) If f(z) is continuous at zo, then it is differentiable
4
Let w = 16j. Which of the following cannot be a value at zo.
of w? (d) If f(z) is differentiable at zo, then so are its real
j2  j
and imaginary parts.
(a) 2e 8 (b) 2e 8 6. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2015: 1M]
j5  j9 
Given two complex numbers z1 = 5 + ( 5 3 ) i and
(c) 2e 8 (d) 2e 8
2 z1
2. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2021: 1M] z2 = + 2i , the argument of in degrees is
3 z2
Value of (1 + i)8, where i = −1 , is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 30
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 60 (d) 90
(c) 4i (d) 16i
7. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2014: 1M]
3. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2017 : 1M]
1+ i
The argument of the complex number , where
z +12
1− i
For a complex number z, lim is
Z→i z 3
(
+ 2z − i z 2 + 2 ) i= −1 , is
−
(a) –2i (b) –i (a) –π (b)
(c) i (d) 2i 2

4. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2015:1M] (c) (d) 
2
az + b
Let f(z) = , If f(z1) = f(z2) for all z1≠ z2, 8. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2014: 2M]
cz + d
3i dz
a = 2, b = 4 and c = 5, then d should be equal
to_________.
If z is a complex variable, the value of 5 z
is

5. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2015 : 1M] (a) –0.511 – 1.57i (b) –0.511 + 1.57i

(c) 0.511 – 1.57i (d) 0.511 + 1.57i
Given f ( z ) = g ( z ) + h ( z ) where f, g, h are complex
9. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2014 : 1M]
valued functions of a complex variable z. Which one
All the values of the multi-valued complex function
of the following statements is TRUE?
1i, where i = − 1, are
(a) If f(z) is differentiable at zo, then g(z) and h(z) are
also differentiable at zo (a) Purely imaginary
(b) Real and non-negative

1.291
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Engineering Mathematics

(c) On the unit circle

(d) Equal in real and imaginary parts
10. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2013 : 1M] (a) (b)
Square roots of –i, where i = − 1, are
(a) i, –i
(b) cos  − π  + i sin  − π  , cos  3π  + i sin  3π 
 4  4  4   4  (c) (d)
(c) cos π  3π   3π  π
  + i sin   , cos   + i sin  
4  4   4  4

(d) cos  3π  + i sin  − 3π  , cos  − 3π  + i sin  3π  15. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2011: 1M]

 4   4   4   4 
The product of two complex numbers 1 + i and 2 – 5i
11. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2012 : 1M] is
If x = −1 , then the value of xx is (a) 7 – 3i (b) 3 – 4i
π π (c) –3 – 4i (d) 7 + 3i
−
(a) e 2 (b) e 2 16. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2010: 1M]
(c) x (d) 1
The modulus of the complex number  3 + 4i  is
12. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2012:1M]  1 − 2i 

If x = −1 , then the value of xx is (a) 5 (b) 5

(a) e −  2 (b) e  2 (c) 1 / 5 (d) 1/5
(c) x (d) 1 Complex Functions
13. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2011 : 1M]
17. [NAT] [GATE-ME-2023: 1M]
Roots of the algebraic equation x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 are
The value of k that makes the complex-valued
(a) (+1, +j, –j) (b) (+1, –1, +1)
function
(c) (0, 0 , 0) (d) (–1, +j, –j)
14. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2011 :1M] f(z) = e–kx (cos 2y – i sin 2y) analytic, where z = x +
iy, is _____. (Answer in integer)
A point z has been plotted in the complex plane, as
shown in figure below. 18. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2021 : 1M]

Let p ( z ) = z + (1 + j) z + ( 2 + j) z + 3 , where z is a
1 3 2
The plot of the complex number y = is
z
complex number. Which one of the following is true?
(a) Conjugate{p(z)} = p (conjugate{z}) for all z
(b) The sum of the roots of p(z)=0 is a real number
(c) The complex roots of the equation 𝑝(𝑧) = 0 come
in conjugate pairs
(d) All the roots cannot be real

1.292
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Complex Calculus

19. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2020: 1M] harmonic function, then its conjugate harmonic
function v(x, y) is
Which of the following function f(z), of the complex
(a) 4xy – 2x2 + 2y2 + constant
variable z, is NOT analytic at all the points of the
(b) 4y2 – 4xy + constant
complex plane? (c) 2x2 − 2y2 + xy + constant
(a) f(z) = z2 (b) f(z) = ez (d) –4xy + 2y2 – 2x2 + constant
(c) f(z) = sin z (d) f(z) = log z 25. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2019: 2M]
20. [NAT] [GATE-ME-2020: 2M] An analytic function f(z) of complex variable z = x +
An analytic function of a complex variable z = x + iy iy may be written as f(z) = u(x, y) + i v (x, y). Then

(i = − 1 ) is defined as
u(x, y) and v(x, y) must satisfy
u v u v
f(z) = x2 – y2 + i  (x, y), (a) = and =
x y y x
where  (x, y), is a real function. The value of the
(b) u = v and u = − v
imaginary part of f(z) at z = (1 + i) is ____. (Round x y y x
off to 2 decimal places). u v u v
(c) =− and =
21. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2020: 2M] x y y x

The function f(z) of complex variable z = x + iy, where (d) u = − v and u = − v

i = − 1 , is given as f(z) = (x –3xy ) + i v
3 2 x y y x

(x, y). For this function to be analytic, v (x, y) should be 26. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2018: 1M]
(a) (3xy – y ) + constant
2 3
F(z) is a function of the complex variable z = x + iy
(b) (3x2y2 – y3) + constant
given by F(z) = i z + k Re(z) + i Im(z).
(c) (x3 – 3x2y) + constant
(d) (3x2y – y3) + constant For what value of k will F(z) satisfy the Cauchy-
22. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2019:1M] Riemann equations?

Which one of the following functions is analytic over (a) 0 (b) 1

the entire complex plane? (c) –1 (d) y
(a) ln (z) (b) e1 z
27. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2017: 2M]
1 2 2
If f(z) = (x + ay ) + i bxy is a complex analytic
(c) (d) cos(z)
1– z
function of z = x + iy, where i = −1 , then
23. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2019 : 1M]
(a) a = –1, b = –1 (b) a = –1, b = 2
Which one of the following functions is analytic in the (c) a = 1, b = 2 (d) a = 2, b = 2
region |z| ≤ 1?
28. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2016: 1M]
z2 − 1 z2 − 1
(a) (b)
z z+2 f(z) = u (x, y) + iv (x, y) is an analytic function of
z −1
2 complex variable z = x + iy where i = −1 .
z2 − 1
(c) (d)
z − 0.5 z + j0.5 If u (x, y) = 2xy, then v (x, y) may be expressed as
24. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2019: 2M] (a) –x2 + y2 + constant (b) x2 – y2 + constant
A harmonic function is analytic if it satisfies the (c) x2 + y2 + constant (d) – (x2 + y2) + constant
Laplace equation. If u(x, y) = 2x2 – 2y2 + 4xy is a
1.293
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Engineering Mathematics

29. [NAT] [GATE-ME-2016: 1M] (c) − x2 + y2 + constant (d) − x2 − y2 + constant

A function 𝑓 of the complex variable z = x + i y, is 35. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2014: 2M]
given as f (x, y) = u (x, y) + i v (x, y), where An analytic function of a complex variable z = x
𝑢 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑘𝑥𝑦 and 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 − 𝑦 . The value of k,
2 2 + iy is expressed as f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y), where 𝑖 =
− 1 . If u (x, y) = x – y , then expression for v (x, y)
2 2
for which the function is analytic, is _____
in terms of x, y and a general constant c would be
30. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2016:1M]
x 2 + y2
Consider the complex valued function f(z) = 2z +b|z| 3 3
(a) x y + c (b) +c
2
where z is a complex variable. The value of b for
(x − y)
2
which the function f(z) is analytic is ______.
(c) 2 x y + c (d) +c
31. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2016 : 1M] 2
Consider the function f (z) = z + z* where z is a 36. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2009: 2M]
complex variable and z* denotes its complex An analytic function of a complex variable z = x + iy
conjugate. Which one of the following is TRUE? is expressed as f(z) = u (x, y) + i v(x, y) wheere
(a) f(z) is both continuous and analytic i = − 1 . If u = xy, then the expression for v should be
(b) f(z) is a continuous but not analytic
(x + y)
2
(c) f(z) is not continuous but is analytic x 2 − y2
(a) +k (b) +k
(d) f(z) is neither continuous nor analytic 2 2

(x − y)
2
32. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2014:2M]
y2 − x 2 +k
(c) +k (d)
The real part of an analytic function f(z) where z = x 2 2
+ jy is given by e–y cos(x). The imaginary part of f(z)
37. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2008: 1M]
is
The equation sin(z) = 10 has
(a) ey cos(x) (b) e–y sin (x)
(c) –ey sin(x) (d) –e–y sin(x) (a) no real (or) complex solution
(b) exactly two distinct complex solutions
33. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2014 : 1M]
(c) a unique solution
Let S be the set of points in the complex plane (d) an infinite number of complex solutions
corresponding to the unit circle. (That is S = {z : |z| = 1}.
Complex Integration
Consider the function f(z) = zz*where z* denotes the
complex conjugate of z. The f(z) maps S to which one 38. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2023:1M]
of the following in the complex plane
 z+2 
(a) Unit circle The value of the contour integral,   z 2 + 2z + 2 dz
(b) Horizontal axis line segment from origin to (1, 0)
(c) The point (1, 0)  3 
(d) The entire horizontal axis , where the contour C is  z : z + 1- j = 1 taken in
 2 
34. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2014: 2M] the counter clockwise direction, is
An analytic function of a complex variable z = x + iy (a) –π(1 + j) (b) π(1 + j)
is expressed as f(z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y), where (c) π(1 – j) (d) –π(1 – j)
𝑖 = − 1 . If u (x, y) = 2xy, then v (x, y) must be
(a) x2 + y2 + constant (b) x2 − y2 + constant

1.294
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Complex Calculus

39. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2022:2M] 43. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2021: 1 M]

A simple closed path 𝐶 in the complex plane is shown Let ( −1 − j) , ( 3 − j) , ( 3 + j ) and ( − 1 + j) be the
in the figure. If
vertices of a rectangle C in the complex plane.
2 z Assuming that C is traversed in counter-clockwise
 z 2 − 1 dz = −iπA, direction, the value of the contour integral
C
dz
then the value of 𝐴 is ______ (rounded c 2 is
where i= − 1,
z (z − 4)
off to two decimal places).
(a) j/2 (b) 0
(c) − j/8 (d) j/16
44. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2020 : 1M]
The value of the following complex integral, with C
representing the unit circle centered at origin in the
counter clock wise sense, is:

z2 + 1
c dz
40. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2022: 2M] z 2 − 2z
The value of the integral (a) 8 πi (b) −8 πi
(c) –πi (d) πi
 6z 
  2z 4 − 3z 3 + 7z 2 − 3z + 5  dz 45. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2019 : 2M]
evaluated over a counter-clockwise circular contour in The closed loop line integral
the complex plane enclosing only the pole z = i, where z3 + z 2 + 8
∮ z =5 dz
i is the imaginary unit, is z+2

(a) (–1 + i) (b) (1+i)  evaluated counter-clockwise, is

(c) 2(1 – i) (d) (2 + i) (a) +8 πj (b) −8 πj
41. [NAT] [GATE-ME-2022: 2M] (c) −4jπ (d) +4jπ

Given z = x + iy, i = −1 . C is a circle of radius 2 46. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2019: 1M]

with the center at the origin. The value of the contour integral
2
If the contour C is traversed anticlockwise, then the 1  1
1 1 2 j   z +  dz
 z
value of the integral
2  ( z − i ) ( z + 4i ) dz is ____. c

C Evaluated over the unit circle |z| = 1 is ______ .

(Round off to one decimal place). 47. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2018:2M]
42. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2021: 2M] The contour C given below is on the complex plane
Let C represent the unit circle centered at origin in the z = x + jy, where, j = − 1 .
complex plane and complex variable, z = x + iy. The
cosh 3z
value of the contour integral  2z
dz (where
C
integration is taken counter clockwise) is
(a) 0 (b) 2
The value of the integral 1  dz
is ______
(c) i (d) 2i j C z −1
2

1.295
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Engineering Mathematics

48. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2018 : 1M] 53. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2017 : 2M]

The value of the integral ∮ c

z +1 Consider the line integral I =  C ( x 2 + iy 2 ) dz, where
dz in counter
z2 − 4
z = x + iy . The line c is shown in the figure below.
clockwise direction around a circle C of radius 1 with
center at the point z = –2 is
i
(a) (b) 2  i
2
i
(c) − (d) − 2  i
2
49. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2018 : 2M]
z2
If C is a circle Z = 4 and f ( z ) = ,
(z )
2
2
− 3z + 2 The value of I is
1 2
then  c f ( z ) dz is
(a) i (b) i
2 3
3 4
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) i (d) i
(c) –1 (d) –2 4 5
54. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2017 : 2M]
50. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2018: 2M]
The value of the contour integral in the complex-plane
Let z be a complex variable. For a counter-clockwise
z 3 − 2z + 3
integration around a unit circle C, centred at origin, ∮ dz along the contour |z| = 3, taken
z−2
1
 C 5z − 4 dz = A  i the value of A is counter clockwise is:
(a) –18 πi (b) 0
(a) 2/5 (b) 1/2 (c) 14 πi (d) 48 πi
(c) 2 (d) 4/5
55. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2016 : 1M]
51. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2017:1M] 2z + 5
The value of the integral  c .dz
The residues of a function f(z) =
1
are,



z −
1
2
 2
 z − (4z + 5 )
(z − 4) (z + 1) 3
over the contour |z| = 1, taken in the anti-clockwise
−1 −1 1 −1 direction, would be
(a) and (b) and
27 125 125 125 24πi 48πi
−1 1 1 −1 (a) (b)
(c) and (d) and 13 13
27 5 125 5 24 12
(c) (d)
52. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2017:2M] 13 13
An integral I over a counter clockwise circle C is 56. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2016:2M]
z2 – 1 1 ez
given by I =  z2 + 1 e  z – 2 dz
z
dz . If C is defined as |z| = 3, The values of the integral along a
C
2 j
c
then the value of I is closed contour c in anti-clockwise direction for
(a) – πi sin (1) (b) –2πi sin (1) (i) The point z0 = 2 inside the contour c, and
(c) – 3πi sin (1) (d) –4πi sin (1) (ii) The point z0 = 2 outside the contour c,
respectively, are

1.296
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Complex Calculus

(a) (i) 2.72, (ii) 0 (b) (i) 7.39, (ii) 0 (a) –  sin(1)/e (b) –  cos (1)/e
(c) (i) 0, (ii) 2.72 (d) (i) 0, (ii) 7.39 (c) sin(1)/e (d) cos (1)/e
57. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2016:2M] 60. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2015:1M]
In the following integral, the contour C encloses the Let z = x + iy be a complex variable. Consider that
points 2πj and – 2πj. contour integration performed along the unit circle in
1 sin z anticlockwise direction. Which one of the following
2   C (z − 2 j) 3
− dz. The value of the integral statements is NOT TRUE?

is______. z 1
(a) The residue of at z = 1 is
z −1
2 2
58. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2016: 2M]
c z dz = 0
(b) 2
3z − 5
The value of
  ( z − 1) ( z − 2 )dz along a closed path
1 1
 is equal to (4  i), where z = x + iy and i = −1 .
(c)
2 i  c z dz = 1
The correct path  is (d) z (complex conjugate of z) is an analytical
function
61. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2015:1M]
(a)
If C is a circle of radius r with centre z0, in the complex
z-plane and if n is a non-zero integer, then
dz
 c (z − z n +1 equals
0)
(b)
(a) 2nj (b) 0
nj
(c) (d) 2n
2

62. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2015:2M]

(c) If C denotes the counter clockwise unit circle, the
value of the contour integral 1
2 j  C Re{z}dz is _____.
63. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2014:1M]
(d)
C is a closed path in the z-plane given by |z| = 3. The
 z2 − z + 4 j 
value of the integral  C

 z + 2j 
 dz

59. [MCQ] [GATE-ME- 2016: 2M]

(a) –4π (1 + j2) (b) 4(3 – j2)
The value of the integral (c) –4(3 + j2) (d) 4(1 – j2)

sin x 64. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2014 : 2M]
 x 2 + 2x + 2 dx
− z2
Integration of the complex function f(z) = , in
evaluated using contour integration and the residue z2 − 1
theorem is the counter clockwise direction, around |z – 1| = 1, is

1.297
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Engineering Mathematics

(a) – πi (b) 0 1 3 1 3
(c) ,1 and − (d) , − 1 and −
(c) πi (d) 2 πi 2 2 2 2

65. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2013 : 2M] 70. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2009:1M]

z2 − 4 1 + f (z)
∮ dz evaluated anticlockwise around the circle If f(z) = c0 + c1 z –1, then  dz is given by
z
z2 + 4 unit
circle
|z – i| = 2, where i = −1 , is
(a) 2πc1 (b) 2π (1 + c0)
(a) –4π (b) 0 (c) 2πjc1 (d) 2πj (1 + c0)
(c) 2 + π (d) 2 + 2i
71. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2008:2M]
66. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2012:1M]
1
1 2 The residue of the function f (z) =
Given f(z) = − If C is a counterclockwise (z + 2) (z − 2) 2
2
z +1 z+3
at z = 2 is
path in the z-plane such that z + 1 = 1, the value of
1 1
1 (a) − (b) −
 c f ( z ) dz is 32 16
2πj
1 1
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) (d)
16 32
(c) 1 (d) 2
72. [MCQ] [GATE-EE-2008 : 2M]
67. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2012:1M]
z
1 2 Given X(z) = with |z| > a, the residue of
Given f(z) = − . If C is counterclockwise (z − a)
2
z +1 z+3
path in the z-plane such that |z + 1| = 1, the value of X(z) zn-1 at z = a for n  0 will be
1
 c f (z) dz is (a) an-1
2 j
(b) an
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) n an
(c) 1 (d) 2 (d) n an–1
68. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2011:1M] 73. [MCQ] [GATE-ME-2008: 2M]
− 3z + 4 The integral  f ( z ) dz evaluated around the unit
The value of the integral  dz where c is
c (z + 4z + 5)
2
cos z
circle on the complex plane for f (z) = is
the circle |z| = 1 is given by z
(a) 0 (b) 1/10 (a) 2i (b) 4i
(c) 4/5 (d) 1 (c) –2i (d) 0
69. [MCQ] [GATE-EC-2010:2M] Series of Complex Functions
The residues of a complex function 74. [NAT] [GATE-EC-2016:1M]
1 − 2z
X (z) = at its poles are For f ( z ) =
sin ( z )
z ( z − 1)( z − 2 ) z2
, the residue of the pole at z = 0 is

1 1 1 1 ______.
(a) ,− and 1 (b) , and − 1
2 2 2 2
❑❑❑

1.298
GATE Wallah Mathematics & Aptitude PYQs
 Complex Calculus

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (10 to 10)

5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b)
9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (a)
13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b)
17. (1.999 to 2.001) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (1.99 to 2.01)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a)
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (a)
29. (–1.1 to –0.9) 30. (0 to 0) 31. (b) 32. (b)
33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (c)
37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (0.50 to 0.50) 40. (a)
41. (0.2 to 0.2) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (c)
45. (b) 46. (–0.0001 to 0.0001) 47. (2 to 2) 48. (a)
49. (b) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (d)
53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (b)
57. (–136 to –132) 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (d)
61. (b) 62. (0.5 to 0.5) 63. (c) 64. (c)
65. (a) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (a)
69. (c) 70. (d) 71. (a) 72. (d)