CEN 412
Structural Analysis and
Design Sessional-II
Part-1
Preliminary Design of the Superstructure
of a Balanced Cantilever
Bridge for Gravity loading
Lecture Schedule
• Lecture 1
➢ Introduction to Bridge Engineering
➢ About Balanced Cantilever Bridge
➢ Design of Deck Slab
• Lecture 2
➢ Design of Railing, Post and Sidewalk
➢ Design of Interior Girder
• Lecture 3
➢ Design of Interior Girder, Exterior Girder
• Lecture 4
➢ Design of Cross Girder/ Diaphragm and Articulation
Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
What is a Bridge?
• A Bridge is a structure providing passage over an
obstacle without closing the way beneath.
• The required passage may be for a road, a
railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline.
Lecture 1
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Requirements of an Ideal Bridge
➢ Economical
➢ Serves the intended functions with safety and
convenience
➢ Aesthetic elegant look
Lecture 1
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Choice of a type of a Bridge
Channel Section Period of Construction
Sub-soil condition Type of loading
Grades and Alignment Erection Facilities
Hydraulic Data
Weather
Navigation requirements
Economic and Strategic considerations
Labour availability
Materials of Construction available
Lecture 1
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Types of Bridge
➢ Slab Bridge
➢ Deck-girder Bridge
➢ Balanced- Cantilever Bridge
➢ Suspension Bridge
➢ Cable-stayed Bridge
➢ Arch Bridge
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Deck-girder Bridge
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Arch Bridge
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Cable-stayed Bridge
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Slab Bridge
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Suspension Bridge
Bridge
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
Different Parts of a Bridge
➢ Foundation: The portion below the bed level of a river.
➢ Substructure: The parts below the bearings level and
above the foundation.
➢ Superstructure: Components above the level of bearings.
Introduction to Bridge Engineering
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
What is a Balanced Cantilever Bridge?
➢ A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers, structures
that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end.
➢ The suspended span is designed as a simply supported span with
supports at the articulations.
➢ A simple cantilever span is formed by two cantilever arms
extending from opposite sides of an obstacle to be crossed.
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Why Balanced Cantilever Bridge?.
Multiple Simply supported span
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Why Balanced Cantilever Bridge?.
Continuous span
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Why Balanced Cantilever Bridge?.
Balanced Cantilever bridge by using hinges
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Advantages of Balanced Cantilever Bridge
➢ Being a Determinate Structure.
➢ The problem of large stress due to differential support settlement
is eliminated due to the internal hinges.
➢ The design section becomes economic.
➢ Less concrete, steel are required for cantilever design.
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Disadvantages of Balanced Cantilever Bridge
➢ Requires a little more skill on the part of the designer.
➢ Requires more elaborate detailing of the reinforcements.
➢ Articulations are very congested with steel and anchorages.
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Components of a Balanced Cantilever Bridge
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Components of a Balanced Cantilever Bridge
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Total Span and Total Clear Span
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Example - Bangladesh China Friendship Bridge
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Example - Bangladesh China Friendship Bridge
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Example - Bangladesh China Friendship Bridge
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Design of Different Components
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Design of Different Components
➢ End Span, Le, Lm= 1.25 Le
➢ Suspended Span, Ls, Lc= 0.6 Ls
➢ Cantilever Span, Lc, H > Ls/14
➢ Total Span L = 2Le + Lm
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Design of Different Components
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
Design Specification & Method
➢ AASHTO 2002
(American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials)
➢ USD – Ultimate Strength Design Criteria
About Balance Cantiléver Bridge
AASHTO Live Load (Truck load)
Design of Deck Slab
Design of Deck Slab
Design of Deck Slab
Design Data For Students
➢ Total Span Length = Student Number + 120 ft
➢ Wearing Surface + Protective Coating = 10 psf + 15 psf = 25 psf
➢ Width of Sidewalk = 3.5 ft
Design of Rail post
Design of Rail Post
➢ Minimum Height of Rail Post = 42 inch.
➢ Rail posts shall be designed for only a lateral load of
P = 50 L acting at the top of the post where L=
Spacing of the posts.
Design of Railing
Design of Railing
➢ Each railing shall be designed for 50 lb/ft uniformly
distributed live load acting simultaneously in both
vertical and horizontal direction.
➢ Opening between rails < 6 inch for portion 27 in.
vertically from walkway surface.
➢ Opening between rails < 8 inch for portion above 27
in. from walkway surface.
Design of Railing
Design steps
➢ Assume, 5in. X 5in. Railing
➢ Consider Live load on each railing = 50lb/ft
➢ Determine Dead load per unit length
➢ Determine total load w per unit length
➢ Determine Maximum Moment = (1/14) wtl2
➢ Determine steel Area As.
Design of Sidewalk
Design of Railing
Design steps
Design of Interior Girder
Design of Interior girder
Dead load analysis for interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Live load analysis for interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Interior girder
Design of Exterior girder
Design of Exterior girder