NEW SYLLABUS CBCS PATTERN Core Java Dr. Ms. Manisha Bharambe Mrs. Manisha Suryawanshi Kamil Ajmal Khan pee Ceeyllaus gppu Hews A Book OF Core Java For B.B.A.(C.A) : Semester - V [Course Code CA-503 : Credits-03] Cie As Per New Syllabus, Effective from June 2021 Dr. Ms. Manisha Bharambe [Link]. (Comp. Sci), [Link], Ph.D (Comp. Sci.) Vice Principal and BCA Coordinator MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune 4 Mrs. Manisha Suryawanshi [Link]., MPhil. (CS), M'B.A, (HR) Asst. Prof., Placement Co-ordinator Modern College of arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Pune 5 Mr. Kamil Ajmal Khan se, computer scence ss, Prof, Computer Scene Department ‘Abedainemder Serior College, Pune Price = 290.00 NIRALI PRAKASHAN PUERTO N4959]CORE JAVA ISBN 978-93-5451-305-3 Edition: September 2021 © ‘Authors The text ofthis publication, oF any part thertot should not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or stored in any ‘computer storage system or device for distibution incuding photocopy, recording, taping or infxmation retrieval system or reproduced on any dis tpe pefereted media or ether Ifermation stomnge device ete without tre written permicion of ‘Authors wth whom the rights ae reserved Breach ofthis eanlton i able fe legal action Every efor has been mae to avoid errors or omissions in tis publication. In spite ofthis eros may have crept in. Any mistake, erororcscrepancy so nated and shall be brought to our noice shal be taken care af in the nxt edition. tis notified that neither the publisher nar the authors or sll shall be respansibe for any damage or loss of action'o any one, of any kind in ‘any manner, therefiom. 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We take an opportunity to present this book entitled as “Core Java” to the students of Fifth Semester - 8B.A.(CA). The object of this book is to present the subject matter in a most concise and simple manner. The book is written strictly according to the New Syllabus (CBCS Pattern) The book covers theory of Java Fundamentals, Classes, Objects and Methods, Inheritance, Package and Collection, File and Exception Handling, Applet, AWT, Event and Swing Programming, The book has its own unique features. It brings out the subject in a very simple and lucid manner for easy and comprehensive understanding of the basic concepts, its intricacies, procedures and practices. This book will help the readers to have a broader view on Core Java. The language used in this book is easy and will help students to improve their vocabulary of Technical terms and understand the matter in a better and happier way. A special words of thank to Shri, Dineshbhai Ful , Mr. Jignesh Furia for showing full faith in us to write this text book. We also thank to Mr. Akbar Shaikh of M/s Nirali Prakashan for their excellent co-operation, We also thank Mr. Akbar Shaikh, Ms, Chaitali Takale, Mr. Ravindra Welodare, Mr. Sachin Shinde, Mr. Ashok Bodke, Mr. Moshin Sayyed and Mr. Nitin Thorat. Although every care has been taken to check mistakes and misprints, any errors, ‘omission and suggestions from teachers and students for the improvement of this text book shall be most welcome, AuthorsSyllabus ... 1. 3. Java Fundamentals [Lectures 8] 1 12 13 14 1s 16 wy 18 Introduction to Java Basics of Java: Data Types, Variable, Expression, Operators, Constant Structure of Java Program Execution Process of Java Program JDK Tools Command Line Arguments Array and String 17.1 Single Array and Multidimensional Array 17.2 String, String Buffer Built In Packages and Classes 1.8.1 javautit Scanner, Date, Math etc. 182 javalang Classes, Objects and Methods [Lectures 8] 21 22 23 24 25 26 Class and Object Object Reference Constructor: Constructor Overloading Method: Method Overloading, Recursion, Passing and Returning Object Form Method New Operator, this and static keyword, finalize) Method Nested Class, Inner Class and Anonymous Inner Class Inheritance, Package and Collection [Lectures 10] BL 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3.10 Bal 312 3.13 Overview of Inheritance Inheritance in Constructor Inheriting Data Members end Methods Multilevel Inheritance - Method Overriding Handle Multilevel Constructors Use of Super and Final Keyword Interface Creation and Implementation of an Interface, Interface Reference Interface Inheritance Dynamic Method Dispatch Abstract Class Comparison between Abstract Class and Interface Access Control Packages 3.13.1 Packages Concept 3.13.2 Creating User Defined Packages 3.13.3 Java Built Inpackages 3.134 Import Statement, Static Import3.14 Collection 3.14.1 Collection Framework. 3.142 Interfaces: Collection, List, Set 3.143 Navigation: Enumeration, Iterator, Listiterator 3.144 Classes: Linkedlist, ArrayList, Vector, HashSet File and Exception Handling [Lectures 8] Exception 41 Exception and Error 42. Use of try, catch, throw, throws and finally 43 Built in Exception 44 Custom exception 45 Throwable Class. File Handling 46 Overview of Different Stream (Byte Stream, Character stream) 47 Readers and Writers class 48 File Class 49 File Input Stream, File Output Stream 4.10 Input Stream Reader and Output Stream Writer Class 4.11 FileReader and FileWriter Class 4.12 Buffered Reader Class Applet, AWT, Event and Swing Programming [Lectures 14] Applet 5.1 Introduction 5.2. Types Applet 53. Applet Lifecycle 5.3.1 Creating Applet 53.2 Applet Tag 54 Applet Classes 541 Color 5.42 Graphics 543. Font AWT 5.5 Components and container used in AWT 5.6 Layout Managers 5.7 Listeners and Adapter Classes 5.8 Event Delegation Model Swing 5.9 Introduction to Swing Component and Container Classes 5.10 Exploring Swing Controls - JLabel and Image Icon, JText Field, The Swing Buttons JButton, JToggle Button, Check Box, JRadio Button, JTabbed Pane, JScroll Pane, Jlist, JTable, ComboBox, Swing Menus, Dialogs, JFileOpen, JColorChooser a.Contents ... 4. Java Fundamentals 2. Classes, Objects and Methods 3. Inheritance, Package and Collection 4. File and Exception Handling 5. Applet, AWT, Event and Swing Programming Bibliography 44 - 1.50 2A = 2.32 3.4 - 3.72 44 - 4.40 54 - 5.88 BA-B.4Java Fundamentals Learning Objectives... To understand Basic Concepts of Java To learn Structure of Java =) To study JDK Tools. To study Command Line Arguments. To learn about Array and String. To study Built In Packages and Classes, Pi wopucine java Java is a class-based, object-oriented, simple programming language. Java makes writing, compiling, and debugging programming easy. It helps to create reusable code and modular programs. Java is used for Mobile applications, Desktop applications, Web applications, Web servers and Application servers, Games, Database connection, etc. Java works on different platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, ete. Java is related to C++, which is a direct descendant of C. Much of the character of Java is inherited from these two languages. From C, Java derives its syntax. Many of Java's object-oriented features were influenced by C++. Itis a general-purpose programming language, intended to let application developers write once, run anywhere. Meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) Java enables computer programmers to write computer instructions using English based commands, instead of having to write in numeric codes, Like English language, Java has a set of rules (syntax) that determine how the instructions are written. Once, a program has been written, the high-level instructions are translated into numeric codes that computers can understand and execute, (ay« Java [BBA(CA): Ser. V] 42 Java Fundamentals History of Java Java was developed at Sun Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle) in 1991, by a team of James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Wrath, Ed Frank and Mike Sheridan as its members. The language was initially called Oak. It was later termed as Java. + Between the initial implementation of Oak in the fall of 1992 and the public announcement of Java in the spring of 1995, many more people contributed to the design and evolution of the language. Bill Joy, Arthur van Hoff, Jonathan Payne, Frank Yellin, and Tim Lind holm were key contributors to the maturing of the original prototype. + Java is a general-purpose, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language. James Gosling is called the father of Java Programming. ‘+ Java is an Object-Oriented Programming language means Java enables us not only to organize our program code into logical unit called objects but also to take advantage of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and so on. ‘+ As of March 2021, the latest version is Java 16, with Java 11, a currently supported long-term support (LTS) version, released on September 25, 2018. Oracle released the last zero-cost public update for the legacy version Java 8 LTS in January 2019 for commercial use, although it will otherwise still support Java 8 with public updates for personal use indefinitely. Other vendors have begun to offer zero-cost builds of OpenjDK 8 and 11 that are still receiving security and other upgrades. ‘+ Oracle (and others) highly recommend uninstalling outdated versions of Java because of serious risks due to unresolved security issues. Since Java 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are no longer supported, Oracle advises its users to immediately transition to the latest version (currently Java 16) or an LTS release. ‘+ An application is a type of software that allows user to perform specific task. Sun Microsystems Inc, has divided Java into following parts: 1. Java SE (Java Standard Edition): It contains basic core Java classes and used to develop standard applets and applications. 2. J2EE (Java Enterprise Edition): It contains classes that are beyond Java SE and used to providing business solutions on a network. 3. J2ME (Java Micro Edition): Java ME is for developers who develop code for portable devices like a PDA, a cellular phone and so on. FRE] Features of Java ‘+ Following are list of buzzwords: 1. Simple: Java is a simple language. There are various concepts that makes the Java as a simple language. Java is designed to be easy to learn. Programs in Java are easy to write and debug because Java does not use the pointers, preprocessor header files, operator overloading etc. 2. Secure: Java is aimed to be used in networked or distributed environments. Java does not allocate direct pointer to memory, this makes it impossible to accidentally reference memory that belongs to other program.Core Java [BBA(CA): Sem. V) 43 Java Fundamentals 3. 4. 6. 10. 1. Portable: Being architectural-neutral and having no implementation dependent aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Java code is portable. It was an important design goal of Java that it be portable so that as new architectures (due to hardware, operating system, or both) are developed, the Java environment could be ported to them. Object-oriented: Java is a truly object oriented language. Almost everything in java is an object. Java has a wide variety of classes. These classes are organized in various packages. We can use them in our programs while implementing inheritance. The object model in java is simpleand easy to extend, Robust: Java is a robust language because it provides many safeguards to ensure reliable code. Java does not allow pointer which avoids security problem. There is no concept of reference variable. This eliminates the possibility of overwriting memory and corrupting data, Automatic garbage collection eliminates memory leaks. Multithreaded: Java was designed to meet the real-world requirement of creating. interactive, networked programs. To accomplish this, Java supports multithreaded programming, which allows you to write programs that do many things simultaneously. The Java run-time system comes with an elegant yet sophisticated solution for multi-process synchronization that enables you to construct smoothly running interactive systems. Architecture-neutral: A central issue for the Java designers was that of code longevity and portability. One of the main problems facing programmers is that no guarantee exists that if you write a program today, it will run tomorrow even. on the same machine. Operating system upgrades, processor upgrades, and changes in core system resources can all combine to make a program malfunction. Their goal was “write once; run anywhere, anytime, forever.” To a great extent, this goal was accomplished. Interpreted: As described earlier, Java enables the creation of cross-platform programs by compiling into an intermediate representation called Java bytecode. Most previous attempts at cross-platform solutions have done so at the expense of performance. High Performance: The Java bytecode was carefully designed so that it would be easy to translate directly into native machine code for very high performance by using a just-in-time compiler. Distributed: Java facilitates the building of distributed application by a collection of classes for use in networked applications. Java is designed for the distributed environment of the Internet Dynamic: Java language is capable of dynamically linking in new class librarie methods and objects. Because Java is interpreted, Java is an extremely dynamic language, at runtime, the Java environment can extends itself by linking in classes that may be located on remote servers on a network, for example, the Internet.sA(CA): Sem. VI. a dave Fundamentals OPERATORS, CONSTANT Bass OF JAVA - DATA TYPES, VARIABLE, EXPRESSION, FEB vaca ps ‘A computer has to process various types of data. Data type is a term that refers to the kind of data used in a program. Every programming language comes with a set of data types ready to use. ‘+ Java is a strongly typed language and this means that every variable and every expression has a data type known at compile time. 1, The Primitive Types: * Various primitive data types are listed below: (i) byte: Byte data type is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer. Rangeis -128 to 127. Default value is 0. Byte data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place of integers, since a byte is four times smaller than an int. Example: byte a = 100, byte b = 50 (ii) short: Short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. Minimum value is -32,768 and maximum value is 32,767. Short data type can also be used to save memory as byte data type. A short is 2 times smaller than an int. Default value is 0, Example: short s = 10000, short r= - 20000 (iii) int: int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer. Rangeis - 2,147,483,648.. to 2,147,483,647. int is generally used as the default data type for integral values unless there is aconcern about memory. The default value is 0. Example: int a = 100000, int b = -200000 (iv) long: long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer. Rangeis -9,223,372,036,854,775,808... to 9,223,372,036 854,775,807. This type is used when a wider range than int is needed. Default value is OL. Example: long a = 1000001, int b = -200000L.