oDATA COMMUNICATION AND
NETWORK
(SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS)---------- CLASS VIII
Q.1: Define communication and data communication.
Ans: Communication: Communication is the process of sharing a message. A
conversation between two people is an example of communication.
Data Communication: Data communications refers to the sharing of a
virtual message. Electronic communications, like emails and instant messages
and phone calls are examples of data communications. Data communication
involves a sender and a receiver which communicate via some form of
transmission medium such as cable.
Q.2: Define the following terminologies.
(i) Data Rate (ii) Baud Rate (iii) SNR Ratio
Ans: (i) Data Rate/Bit Rate: Data rate is the rate at which data is transferred. It
is normally measured in bits per second. Bit can hold either O or 1. Data rate can
be ranging from bps (bits per second) for smaller values to kbps (kilobits per
second) .and mbps (megabits second). It is also called bit rate.
(ii) Baud Rate: The baud rate is the number of signals transmitted per
second and one signal can represent one or more bits, it is used to describe the
maximum change in an electronic signal. For example, if a signal changes 1200
times in one second, it would be measured at 1200 baud.
(iii) Signal to Noise Ratio: Signal-to-noise ratio (abbreviated SNR or SIN) is
a measure used in engineering that compares the level of a desired signal and
the level of background noise. It is defined as the ratio of signal power to the
noise power, often expressed in decibels.
Q.3: Describe ISO’s OSI Model.
Ans: ISO OSI Model: The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a
conceptual model developed by ISO. It characterizes and standardizes the
communication function of a telecommunication and computing network. Its
goal is the interoperability of different communication systems with standard
communication protocols. This model divides a communication system into
seven abstraction layers.
Q.4: Define computer network.
Ans: Computer Network: They are just like a highway on which data can travel.
A computer network is a group of computers and related equipment connected
by a communication links to share data and other resources. The related
equipment may be printer, scanners, fax machines, server, etc. The resources
may include a file server, internet connection, etc.
Q.5: Define computer networking.
Ans. Networking: Networking is the act of joining computers and its accessories
so that exchange of information and sharing of resources take place. In today's
world, networking plays a vital role in computers and telecommunication fields.
Modem organizations create a networking environment and device connectivity
for fast, inexpensive and reliable communication.
Q.6: Define Topology.
Ans: TOPOLOGY: The physical layout in which different computers are
connected is called topology. The topology of network describes the way in
which computers are connected. Topology is major design consideration for
computer networking.
(LONG QUESTION ANSWERS)
Q.1: Describe guided media and its types.
Ans: GUIDED MEDIA: If In guided media Signals are transmitted in a narrow
pathway by using physical links- It is also called Wired or Bounded transmission
media. The physical links are the cables that are or have physical existence.
There are three Common types of guided media used for the networks.
(i) Twisted Pair Cable: As name suggests, this cable is made by two separate
wires twisted together, a twisted pair cable is made up of insulated wires. The
insulation and twisting of wires prevent external interference. Each pair of wires
has unique color. This type of is widely used in different kinds of data and voice
infrastructures.
There are two types of twisted pair cables:
(a) Unshielded Twisted Pair (IJTP)
(b) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
(ii) Coaxial Cable: Coaxial cable is also known as coax. It has an outer plastic
covering containing two parallel conductors each having a separate insulated
protection cover. Cable TVs and analog television networks widely use coaxial
cables.
(iii) Fiber-Optic Cable: In optical fiber or fiber-optic cable data is transferred in
the form of light. It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made
up of glass or plastic.
Q.2: Describe unguided media and its types.
Ans: Unguided Media: It is also termed as wireless or unbounded transmission
media. As the name implies, it not require physical medium such as wire for the
transmission of electromagnetic signals. There are three major types of
Unguided Media.
(i) Radio Waves: Radio waves are also called electromagnetic waves. These are
easy to generate and can penetrate through buildings. Radio waves are and
propagated in all directions. It means that sending and receiving antennas do
not need to aligned, FM, AM radios, television and cordless phones radio waves
for transmission.
(ii) Microwaves: Microwave transmission is a line of sight transmission i.e. the
sending and receiving antennas to be aligned with each Other, The distance
covered by the signal is directly to the height of the antenna. These are mostly
used for mobile phone.
(iii) Infrared: It uses infrared light to transmit Signals. LED is used to transmit
Signals and light receivers (photodiodes) to signals. They use terahertz and it
cannot penetrate walls or other objects.
Q.3: Describe and explain different topologies of network.
Ans: Bus Topology: As name suggests, in Bus Topology computers and other
devices are connected with a single cable. The central cable is the backbone of
the network and every device communicates with the other device through this
bus. The advantages of Bus Topology are simplicity, low cost and easy expansion
of the network. The disadvantage of the Bus Topology is that a breakdown in
the bus cable brings the entire network down.
Ring Topology: In Ring Topology, computers are connected in a ring or circle
shape. The signal travels around the loop in one direction and passes through
each computer. The recipient of the message receives the message while
another computer acts like a repeater to send it to the next computer. The
failure of a link or a computer can make the entire network non-functional.
Star Topology: In a Star Topology, all the computers are connect to a central
device called hub or switch. To communicate with any computer, the sender
must send information to the hub. Then the hub transmits that information to
the destination. The advantages Of Star topology are easy to set up and easy
expansion of the network. Another feature of Star topology is that if one link to
the hub breaks, only the station using that link is affected not the whole
network but it requires more cable length than a bus topology.
OBJECTTIVE QUESTIONS
Q.1 Choose the right answers (MCQs).
1. Wired Media is also called:
(a) Targeted media (b) Directed media
(c) Guided media (d) Unguided media
2. Communication system is made up of:
(a) Three components (b) four components
(c) Five components (d) six components
3. Both Physical and Logical addresses are:
(a) Different (b) Unique
(c) Permanent (d) Temporary
4. If you are an electrical or electronic engineer, you should join:
(a) IEEE (b) ITU
(c) IETF (d) ANSI
5. The topology in which all computers are connected to a central device called
hub is:
(a) Bus Topology (b) Ring Topology
(c ) Star Topology (d) Tree Topology
Q.2: Fill in the Blanks.
1. Computer networks can be categorized by their __________ as well as their
___________
2. ____________ Topology consists of a single cable by which all the computers
are connected.
3. Network standards define rules of ________________ among different
computing devices.
4. Network __________ is the design of a computer network.
5. An IPV4 address is made up of _______ binary bits.