Solution
STRUCTURE OF ATOM & PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
Class 11 - Chemistry
Section A
1. (a) 10-33m
Explanation: The mass of the ball = 60 g = 6 × 10-2 kg
Velocity of the ball = 10m/s
let the de broglie wavelength be λ .
We know, λ = h
mv
−34
λ =
6.626×10
−2
= 1.103 × 10 −33
≈ 10
−33
m
6× 10 ×10
2. (d) 110
Explanation: un = 1 nil = 0 So 110 = ununnilium.
3. (d) Ubn and unbinilium
Explanation: Atomic number (Z) = 120
IUPAC name = Unbinilium
Symbol = Ubn
4. (d) S < O < F < Cl
Explanation: S < O < F < Cl
5. (d) A < C < B < D
Explanation: A - 1s2 2s2 2p6 - Noble gas configuration
B - 1s2 2s2 2p4 - 2 electrons short to attain stable configuration
C - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 - Requires one electron to complete 5 - orbital
D - 1s2 2s2 2p5 - requires one electron to attain noble gas configuration.
6. (c) H- > H > H+
Explanation: H- > H > H+
Radius of a cation is always smaller than that of a neutral atom due to decrease in the number of orbitals whereas, the radius of
anion is always greater than cation due to decrease in effective nuclear charge.
7. (a) Cl- and Ca2+
Explanation: Neutral Cl ( Z=17) has 17 electrons and with the addition of one more electron, it becomes Cl- anion which has
18 electrons.
Neutral Ca (Z=20) has 20 electrons and with the removal of 2 electrons, it becomes Ca2+ cation which has 18 electrons.
Since Cl- and Ca2+ both has 18 electrons, so they are isoelectronic.
Section B
8. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Atomic radii decrease across a period. Cations are smaller than their parent atoms. Among isoelectronic species,
the one with the larger positive nuclear charge will have a smaller radius. Hence the largest species is Mg; the smallest one is
Al3+.
Section C
9. Step I.
Calculation of the velocity of an electron
Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv2 = 3.0 × 10-25 J = 3.0 × 10-25 kg m2s-2
−25 2 −2
= 65.9 × 104 m2s-1
2×(3.0× 10 kg m s )
2 2×K.E
v = =
m −31
(9.1× 10 kg)
v = (65.9 × 104 m2s-2)1/2 = 8.12 × 102 ms-1
Step II.
1/2
Calculation of wavelength of the electron
According to de Broglie's equation,
−34 2 −1
(6.626× 10 kgm s )
h
λ = =
mv −31 2 −1
(9.1× 10 kg)×(8.12× 10 ms )
∘ ∘
= 0.08967 × 10-5 m = 8967 × 10-10 m = 8967 A (∵ 1 A = 10-10 m)
10. i. Li as atomic number of lithium is 3
ii. P as atomic number of phosphorus is 15
iii. Sc as atomic number of scandium is 21
11. The general outermost electronic configuration of f-block elements is (n–2)f1-14(n–1)d0-1ns2. Specifically, the electronic
configuration for Lanthanides is [Xe]4f1-145d0-16s2 and for Actinides is [Rn]5f1-146d0-17s2.
12. The electronic configuration of helium (He) is 1s2. It should be kept in s-block as the last electron enters in 's' orbital. Due to the
presence of completely filled valence shell (1s2 ) and similarities in properties with noble gases, it is placed in p-block i.e. group
18.
13. i. As we know, the ionization energy increases as we move from left to right in the periodic table while it decrease when we
move from top to bottom in the periodic table. Therefore, Carbon has the highest first ionization enthalpy.
ii. Aluminum has the largest atomic radius as atomic radius increases down the group and decreases along the period.
14. The electronic configuration of Nitrogen is 1s2 2s2 2p3 and that of Oxygen is 1s2 2s2 2p4. Nitrogen has half filled p-orbitals which
is a very stable configuration. Oxygen will readily loose its extra electron to attain the nitrogen-like configuration. Hence, oxygen
will have a lower ionization enthalpy than nitrogen.
15. Ionization enthalpy – The minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom (X) in
ground state resulting in the formation of a positive ion.
X(g) + Energy → X+ (g) + e-.
The ionization enthalpy is expressed in kJ/mol.
Electron gain enthalpy – When an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom (X) to convert it into a negative ion, the enthalpy
change accompanying the process is defined as the electron gain enthalpy.
X(g) + e- → X- (g).
It is expressed in kJ/mol. Depending upon an element, the process of adding the electron can either be endothermic or exothermic.
16. The electronic configuration of Be, Mg are 1s2 2s2 and 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2, respectively. Both these elements have fully filled s-
orbitals in their valence shell and are very stable. They have no desire to accept any electron. If any electron has be added to their
empty lying p-orbitals then the electron has to be bombarded with energy. This will make the electron gain enthalpy positive in
nature.
17. According to the question, electron gain enthalpy of bromine is 3.36 eV.
Given weight 8
Number of moles of Br = Molecular weight
=
80
= 0.1mol
Therefore, required energy = 0.1 × 3.36 × 23.06 = 7.748 kcal.
18. i. Electron gain enthalpy generally becomes more negative across a period as we move from left to right. On moving from
oxygen to fluorine, the effective nuclear charge increases and atomic size decreases with increase in atomic number. Due to
this, forces of attraction of the nucleus increases for the incoming electron. That’s why electron gain enthalpy becomes more
negative for fluorine than that of oxygen.
ii. Within a group, electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative down a group. But electron gain enthalpy of chlorine is more
negative than that of the fluorine. This is due to the small size of fluorine as the electron-electron repulsions in relatively
compact 2p-orbital is greater than that in the larger 3p-orbital and hence, the incoming electron feels greater repulsion in
fluorine than in the chlorine.
19. i. Silicon is a group 14 element with a valence of 4; bromine belongs to the halogen family with a valence of 1. Hence the
formula of the compound formed would be SiBr4.
ii. Aluminium belongs to group 13 with a valence of 3; sulphur belongs to group 16 elements with a valence of 2. Hence, the
formula of the compound formed would be Al2S3.
20. i. They all are iso-electronic with ten electrons each.
ii. In iso-electronic species, greater the nuclear charge, lesser will be the atomic or ionic radius.
Al3+ < Mg2+ ,Na+ <F- < O2- <N3-
2/2