BCW Prelims Class Notes BPSC CONCEPT WALLAH
Polymers Student’s Space
The word polymer is derived from two Greek words : “Poly→
many & mer→ unit.”
A polymer is a very big molecule formed by the combination of a
large number of molecules. Those molecules are called
“Monomers”.
Types of polymers
Polymers that are formed by the polymerisation of only one
type of monomer are referred to as homopolymers, such as
polythene.
Conversely, polymers that are formed by the polymerisation of
more than one type of monomer units is known as copolymer
or mixed polymer, e.g., Buna-S and Buna-N.
Classification of Polymers on the basis of Source
Natural Polymers: Found in nature, mainly in plants and
animals (e.g., cellulose, proteins, rubber, starch, and resins).
Synthetic Polymers: Man-made (e.g., polyethylene, nylon,
polystyrene, and synthetic rubbers (Buna - S)).
Polymers and Their Monomers
[Link]. Polymers Monomers
1 Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) Nucleotide
2 Protein Amino acids
3 Starch, glycogen, cellulose Glucose
4 Natural Rubber Isoprene
5 Synthetic Rubber Chloroprene
(Neoprene)
6 PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) Vinyl Chloride
7 Polythene Ethene
8 Teflon Tetrafluoroethene
9 Bakelite Phenol + Formaldehyde
10 Melamine Resins Melamine + Formaldehyde
11 Terylene (Dacron) Ethylene glycol +
Terephthalic acid
12 Nylon 6-6 Adipic acid +
Hexamethylene diamine
13 Buna S 1,3-butadiene + Styrene
14 Buna N 1,3-butadiene + Acrylonitrile
15 Polyacrylonitrile Acrylonitrile
16 Polystyrene Styrene
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BCW Prelims Class Notes BPSC CONCEPT WALLAH
Note
Student’s Space
Teflon is used in “non-sticky” pans. It is the fluorine present
in Teflon that makes it non-sticky.
Glyptal is made from Ethylene Glycol and Phthalic Acid and
is used in Paints & Lacquers
PVC, Teflon and Polyethene are derived from Petrochemical
industry hence they are often called as “Polyolefins”.
PVC,Polyethene and Teflon are examples of “Thermoplastic”
which means it can be used repeated number of times.
Bakelite or melamine are examples of “Thermoset plastic”
which means once set it
can’t be deformed and reused.
Melamine is used in crockery and making Tiles.
Synthetic Fibres and Their Uses
Synthetic Fibre Uses
Rayon
- Often called artificial silk.
- First man-made (artificial) fibre.
- Made by chemical treatment of wood pulp
(contains cellulose).
Nylon - Nylon is a polyamide;
-first fully synthetic fibre.
- developed for the first time by Wallace
Carothers in 1931
- Strong, light, elastic, lustrous, easy to wash.
Polyester - Made of many units of an ester.
- Produced via polycondensation of dicarboxylic
acids and diols.
- Easy to wash, crisp, wrinkle-free.
- Terylene is a common type.
Acrylic - Cheaper and more durable than wool.
- Used as a substitute for wool.
- Resists stains, chemicals, insects, and fungi.
Kevlar - Used to make bulletproof vests.
- An aramid fibre (aromatic polyamide).
- Strong due to inter-chain bonds.
- Used in laminated glass.
- Developed by Stephanie Kwolek in 1965.
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BCW Telegram : [Link]
BCW Prelims Class Notes BPSC CONCEPT WALLAH
Rubber Student’s Space
Natural rubber
It is produced from latex, a milky colloid drawn from the
rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) or some other plants.
When coagulated, latex transforms into a soft, plastic and
sticky substance (crude rubber), which is not of much use.
Thailand is largest producer of Rubber while India is Third
largest
Kerala tops the list among states in India.
Monomer of natural Rubber: - Isoprene (2
methyl,1,3butadiene)
Characteristics of Rubber plant
Temperature: - (10-60) degree Celsius
Rainfall: - (200-300) cm
Soil: - Laterite soil
Native: - Amazon River Basin
Vulcanisation of Rubber
The process of adding sulphur to heated rubber is known as the
Vulcanization of Rubber. In this process, a mixture of raw rubber
with sulphur and an appropriate additive is heated at a
temperature range between 373 K to 415 K. On vulcanization,
sulphur forms cross links at the reactive sites of double bonds and
thus rubber gets stiffened.
5% of sulphur is used as a cross-linking agent in the
manufacturing of tyre rubber.
Note
Usually, automobile cars are made from Buna-S Rubber.
Bu stands for Butadiene, Na stands for sodium and “S” stands
for Styrene.
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BCW Telegram : [Link]