1. Who is considered the father of computers?

a) Alan Turing b) Charles Babbage c) Dennis Ritchie d) John von Neumann

2. The full form of CPU is:
a) Central Processing Unit b) Control Processing Unit c) Central Program Unit d)
Control Program Unit
3. Which memory is volatile?
a) ROM b) RAM c) Hard Disk d) Flash Drive
4. 1 Byte = ? bits
a) 4 b) 8 c) 16 d) 32
5. The binary equivalent of decimal 13 is:
a) 1101 b) 1011 c) 1110 d) 1001
6. What is the output of printf("%d", 10/3); ?
a) 3 b) 3.33 c) 4 d) Error
7. Which is not a valid storage class?
a) auto b) register c) dynamic d) extern
8. Pointer stores:
a) Value b) Address c) Function d) Array size
9. sizeof('A') returns:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) Compiler dependent
10 . Stack follows:
a) FIFO b) LIFO c) Random d) Priority
10. Binary search time complexity (sorted array):
a) O(n) b) O(log n) c) O(n²) d) O(1)
12. Which is best for frequent insertions/deletions?
a) Array b) Linked List c) Stack d) Queue
13. Primary key ensures:
a) Uniqueness + Not Null b) Only uniqueness c) Sorting d) Indexing
14. Which normal form removes transitive dependency?
a) 1NF b) 2NF c) 3NF d) BCNF
[Link] to remove table completely:
 a) DELETE TABLE b) DROP TABLE c) TRUNCATE TABLE d) REMOVE
16. Deadlock conditions include:
a) Mutual exclusion, Hold & Wait, No preemption, Circular wait b) Only mutual exclusion
c) Only paging d) Only FCFS
[Link] model layers
a) 5 b) 7 c) 4 d) 6
18. TCP is:
a) Connectionless b) Connection-oriented c) Both d) None

1. Output of printf("%d", 5/2); in C?

2. Which keyword is used to define constants in Java?
3. What is the default return type of a constructor in C++?
4. Which operator is overloaded for stream insertion in C++?
5. What is the output of [Link](2 + "2"); in Java?
6. Which language uses “virtual machine” for execution?
7. What is the difference between == and. equals () in Java?
8. Which loop executes at least once in C?
9. What is the output of int x=5; prints ("%d", x++ + ++x);?
10. Which sorting algorithm is fastest on average?
11. What is the worst-case complexity of Quick Sort?
12. Which keyword prevents inheritance in Java?
13. What is the difference between malloc () and calloc ()?
14. Which operator is used for pointer dereferencing in C?
15. What is the output of char c = 'A'+1; printf("%c", c);?
16. Which language introduced the concept of OOP?
17. What is the difference between pass by value and pass by reference?
18. Which keyword is used for exception handling in Java?
19. What is the output of boolean b = true; [Link](!b);?
36. Which SQL command removes all rows but keeps the table structure?
37. Difference between DELETE and DROP in SQL?
38. Which normal form removes transitive dependency?
39. What is the primary key?
40. Which SQL clause is used to filter rows?
41. What is the difference between INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN?
42. Which command is used to change table structure?
43. What is the difference between HAVING and WHERE?
44. Which SQL function returns the number of rows?
45. What is the difference between clustered and non-clustered index?
46. Which SQL keyword is used to sort results?
47. What is the difference between primary key and unique key?
48. Which SQL command is used to combine results of two queries?
49. What is the difference between VARCHAR and CHAR?
50. Which SQL keyword is used to group rows?
51. Which protocol is used to send email?
52. Which protocol is used to retrieve email?
53. What is the default port for HTTP?
54. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
55. Which layer of OSI handles routing?
56. What is the IP address range of Class C?
57. Which protocol is used for secure web communication?
58. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
59. Which device connects different networks?
60. What is the difference between hub and switch?
61. Which protocol is used for file transfer?
62. What is the maximum length of an IPv4 address?
63. Which protocol is used for dynamic IP assignment?
64. What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?
65. Which protocol is used for remote login?
66. What is the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing?
67. Which scheduling algorithm may cause starvation?
68. What is the difference between pre-emptive and non-pre-emptive scheduling?
69. Which condition is necessary for deadlock?
70. What is the difference between paging and segmentation?
71. Which memory allocation technique suffers from fragmentation?
72. What is the difference between kernel and shell?
73. Which scheduling algorithm is used in real-time systems?
74. What is the difference between process and thread?
75. Which command is used to list files in Linux?
76. What is the difference between absolute and relative path?
77. Which OS is used in mobile devices?
78. What is the difference between open-source and proprietary software?
79. Which OS introduced the concept of GUI?
80. What is the difference between compiler and interpreter?
81. Which model is used in software development life cycle?
82. What is the difference between waterfall and agile model?
83. Which diagram is used in UML to represent system behaviour?
84. What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements?
85. Which software metric measures code complexity?
86. What is Stack?
87. What is Queue?
88. What is the difference between BFS and DFS in Graph traversal?
89. What is a Graph, and how is it represented in memory?
90. What is a Linked List, and how does it differ from an Array?
91. What is the time complexity of common operations in different Data Structures?
92. Which keyword is used to declare a variable in [Link]?

93. What is the default access modifier for class members in [Link]?

94. Which function is used to convert a string to integer?

95. What is the difference between Dim and Static keyword?

96. Which operator is used for string concatenation in [Link]?

97. What is the output of [Link](5 \ 2)?

98. Which keyword is used to define a constant?

99. What is the difference between ByVal and ByRef?

100. Which statement is used to exit a loop?

101. What is the difference between Integer and Long data types?

102. Which statement is used for decision-making in [Link]?

103. What is the difference between Select Case and If...Else?

104. Which loop guarantees at least one execution?

105. What is the difference between For and For Each loop?

106. Which keyword is used to continue to the next iteration of a loop?

107. Which statement is used for error handling?

108. What is the difference between Try...Catch and On Error Resume Next?

109. Which keyword is used to throw an exception?

110. What is the difference between Exit For and Exit Do?

111. Which keyword is used to define a class?

112. What is the difference between Class and Module?

113. Which keyword is used to inherit a class?

114. What is the difference between Overloads and Overrides?

115. Which keyword is used to define an abstract method?

116. What is the difference between MustInherit and NotInheritable?

117. Which keyword is used to implement an interface?

118. What is the difference between Shared and Static members?

119. Which keyword is used to create an object?

120. What is the difference between constructor and destructor?

121. Which keyword is used to call the base class constructor?

122. What is the difference between Public, Private, and Protected?

123. Which keyword is used to define a property?

124. What is the difference between ReadOnly and WriteOnly properties?

125. Which keyword is used to define a sealed class?

126. Which control is used to display text in [Link] forms?

127. What is the difference between TextBox and RichTextBox?

128. Which event is triggered when a button is clicked?

129. What is the difference between CheckedChanged and Click event?

130. Which control is used to display a list of items?

131. What is the difference between ComboBox and ListBox?

132. Which property is used to change background color of a form?

133. Which event is triggered when a form is loaded?

134. What is the difference between Enabled and Visible property?

135. Which control is used to display images?

136. Which namespace is used for database connectivity in [Link]?

137. What is the difference between SqlConnection and OleDbConnection?

138. Which class is used to execute SQL queries?

139. What is the difference between ExecuteReader and ExecuteNonQuery?

140. Which class is used to fill data into a dataset?

141. What is the difference between DataSet and DataTable?

142. Which method is used to open a database connection?

143. What is the difference between Close() and Dispose() methods?

144. Which class is used for parameterized queries?

145. What is the difference between connected and disconnected architecture?

146. Which keyword is used for multithreading in [Link]?

147. What is the difference between Thread and Task?

148. Which namespace is used for file handling?

149. What is the difference between StreamReader and StreamWriter?

150. Which keyword is used for asynchronous programming?

151. What is the difference between Async and Await?

152. Which class is used for serialization?

153. What is the difference between XML serialization and binary serialization?

154. Which keyword is used for delegates?

155. What is the difference between Delegate and Event?

156. OSI model has ___ layers.

a) 5 b) 7 c) 4 d) 6
157. TCP is:
a) Connectionless b) Connection-oriented c) Both d) None
158. Which normal form removes transitive dependency?
a) 1NF b) 2NF c) 3NF d) BCNF
159. SQL command to delete table:
a) DELETE TABLE b) DROP TABLE c) REMOVE TABLE d) TRUNCATE
TABLE (partial)
160. Primary key is used for:
a) Uniqueness & not null b) Only uniqueness c) Foreign reference d) Indexing
161. Stack follows:
a) FIFO b) LIFO c) Random d) Sorted
162. Time complexity of binary search:
a) O(n) b) O(log n) c) O(n²) d) O(1)
163. Linked list is better than array for:
a) Random access b) Insertion/deletion c) Sorting d) Searching
164. Which is not a pillar of OOPS?
a) Inheritance b) Polymorphism c) Encapsulation d) Recursion
165. Constructor is a:
a) Member function b) Special member function c) Static function d) Friend function
166. In C++, friend function can access:
a) Only public members b) Private & protected members c) Only static members
d) None
167. Which is not a valid keyword in C?
a) int b) float c) real d) char
168. Pointers are used to store:
a) Value b) Address c) Function d) Array
169. Binary number system uses ___ digits.
a) 8 b) 10 c) 2 d) 16
170. Which is a volatile memory?
a) ROM b) RAM c) Hard Disk d) Flash
171. Who invented Java Programming?
a) Guido van Rossum b) James Gosling c) Dennis Ritchie d) Bjarne Stroustrup
172. Which statement is true about Java?
a) Java is platform-dependent b) Java is sequence-dependent c) Java uses both
compiler and interpreter d) Java doesn't support OOP
173. Number of primitive data types in Java?
a) 6 b) 8 c) 9 d) 10
174. What is the size of float and double in Java?
a) 16 and 32 bits b) 32 and 64 bits c) 32 and 32 bits d) 64 and 128 bits
175. What is the default value of a local variable in Java?
a) 0 b) null c) Depends on type d) No default value (must initialize)
175. Which keyword is used to define a class in Java?
a) Class b) class c) define d) struct
176. Which component compiles, debugs, and executes Java programs?
a) JRE b) JDK c) JVM d) JIT
177. What does JVM stand for?
a) Java Virtual Machine b) Java Verified Machine c) Java Variable Machine d) Java
Visual Machine
178. Which of these is not a feature of Java?
 a) Object-oriented b) Platform-independent c) Pointers d) Multithreaded
179. Which keyword is used to define a class in Java?
a) Class b) class c) define d) struct
180. What is the entry point for any Java application?
a) start() b) init() c) main() d) run()