Unit - 10.

Electric current and its effects

Learning Outcomes:
1. Using symbols for various components in an electric circuit.
2. Understanding the heating effect of electric current.
3. Observing and explaining how the magnetic effect is produced by electric current.
4. Understanding the working mechanism of a fuse.
5. Defining the use of electromagnets and identifying their uses in daily life.
6. Comparing and analyzing devices based on various effects of electric current.
7. Making a simple electromagnet.
8. Understanding and following safety rules in electrical usage.

I. Choose the correct answer from the four options given for each of the following:
1. Symbol for an electric cell used in an electric circuit: (Easy)

A. B.

C. D.
2. Device containing a simple electric circuit (Easy)
A. Torch
B. Transistor
C. Transmitter
D. Television
3. In the following simple electric circuit, the electric bulb

A. Will not light up

B. Will light up
C. Will burn out
D. Connection is incorrect. (Easy)
4. When the electric circuit is in the connected position (when the circuit is closed)
A. Current will not flow in the circuit
B. Current will flow in the circuit.
C. The circuit will burn out.
D. The bulb will burn out. (Average)

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5. In the following symbol, the closed position of the push button (Average)

A. B.

B. D.
6. This arrangement in a four-cell battery

A. Is not connected correctly

B. Is connected correctly.
C. Positive-positive should be connected
D. Negative-negative should be connected. (Average)
7. The reason for the fuse melting when high current flows in an electric circuit
A. Magnetic effect
B. Chemical effect
C. Light effect
D. Heating effect (Average)
8. Metal used in the filaments of common electric bulbs
A. Copper
B. Iron
C. Aluminium
D. Tungsten (Easy)
9. Metal alloy used in the manufacture of electric fuses
A. Lead-Tin
B. Lead-Copper
C. Copper-Brass
D. Iron-Copper (Easy)
10. Device used for electrical safety instead of fuses in recent days
A. LED
B. MCB
C. LCD
D. FUSE(Easy)
11. When an electric heater is placed in a bucket of water to heat water, the bucket
becomes hot after some time. This is an example of electricity's
A. Chemical effect
B. Magnetic effect
C. Heating effect
D. Light effect (Average)

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12. Name of the device in this picture

A. Electric oven
B. Electric bulb
C. Electric fuse
D. Electromagnet (Average)
13. When current is made to flow through the push button of a room heater, it
A. Secretes a type of chemical.
B. Emits heat.
C. Acquires magnetism.
D. Explodes. (Average)
14. In this picture

A. The bulb is lit.

B. The bulb is not lit.
C. The connection should be changed.
D. Another dry cell should be connected. (Average)
15. How many terminals does an electric cell have?
A. One B. Two C. Four D. None (Easy)
16. In our homes, copper wire is mostly used for electrical connections. Because:
A. Easily available
B. Good conductor
C. Insulator
D. Low cost (Easy)
17. In the internal view of the torch shown in this picture, what is the function of the
electric wire?

A. Conducts electricity.
B. Does not conduct electricity.
C. The dry cell should be replaced.
D. Prevents the light from lighting up. (Average)

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18. Electricians' screwdrivers and pliers have a plastic or rubber coating. The reason is
A. Rubber is easily available.
B. Rubber is a good conductor.
C. Rubber is a good insulator.
D. Rubber is hard. (Average)
19. A simple device used to complete or break an electric circuit
A. Bulb
B. Electric wire
C. Switch
D. Fuse (Easy)
20. In this picture, which object is used as a switch in the electric circuit?

A. Battery
B. Bulb
C. Key
D. Electric wire (Average)
21. The reason for using a fuse in an electric circuit:
A. To increase light
B. To increase heat
C. To protect devices from excessive current
D. To prevent current flow (Average)
22. The device based on the heating effect of electricity is
A. Fuse
B. Dynamo
C. Motor
D. Speaker (Easy)
23. Magnetic effect from an electric current discovered by:
A. Ohm B. Edison
C. Faraday D. Oersted (Average)

24. Fuse wire is made from this metal:

A. Iron B. Copper
C. Nichrome D. Alloy with a low melting point (Average)
25. Best electrical conductor among these:
A. Coffee B. Raw plastic
C. Copper wire D. Coconut oil (Average)
26. What can be done to increase electromagnetic strength?
A. Decrease wire turns
B. Remove the battery
C. Increase wire turns
D. Loosen the wire (Average)

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 27. In an electric bulb, light is produced by this effect:
A. Magnetic B. Heat
C. Chemical D. Sound (Easy)
28. Device using the magnetic effect:
A. Fuse B. Geyser
C. Electric bell D. Bulb (Easy)
29. A fuse is made from metal with this property:
A. Low resistance B. Low melting point
C. Heat tolerant metal D. Magnetic metal (Average)
II. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers:
30. To make an electromagnet, ___________ and a battery are used. (Easy)
31. The heat produced when electricity flows is called the ___________ effect. (Easy)
32. The ___________ effect is responsible for electric pumps or motors working actively.
(Easy)
33. If excessive current flows, the fuse wire ___________.(Easy)
34. Nichrome is a good ___________.(Easy)
III. Match the column A with the column B: (Average)

35.
A B
i. Fuse 1. Heater function
ii. Static electricity ion 2. Wire melting
iii. Heating effect 3. Attracting iron
iv. Magnetic effect 4. Comb attracting paper

36.
A B
1. Nichrome i. Attraction of metallic objects
2. Fuse ii. Electrical insulator
3. Electromagnet iii. Useful for heat generation
4. Plastic iv. Protection from danger

37.
Device Effect
1. Electric heater i. Chemical effect
2. Electromagnet ii. Protective device from heating effect
3. Electric cell iii. Magnetic effect
4. Fuse iv. Heating effect

IV. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence:

38. Write one use of an electromagnet. (Average)
39. Which device uses the heating effect of electricity? (Average)
40. Where and why is a fuse used? (Average)
41. List two devices used based on the heating effect. (Average)

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V. Answer the following questions in two-three sentences: (Short Answer – 2 Marks)
42. What is the application of electric fuse?(Easy)
43. Name two devices that use the heating effect. (Average)
44. Why is it essential to dispose CFLs safely? (Average)
45. Why is it advisable to use ISI marked products? (Average)
46. List four inventions of Thomas Alva Edison. (Difficult)
47. Why does the fuse wire melt when high current flows? (Difficult)
48. How does the magnetic effect occur when electricity flows through an electric wire?
(Difficult)
49. Why is plastic coating used on electric wires? (Difficult)
50. Why is Nichrome wire used in electric stoves? (Difficult)
VI. Answer the following questions in three-four sentences: (Brief Answer – 3 Marks)
51. Explain the method of making an electromagnet. (Difficult)
52. Explain a device based on the magnetic effect. (Difficult)
53. What measures can be used to make an electromagnet stronger? (Difficult)
54. How does a fuse wire work? Explain using a diagram. (Difficult)
VII. Answer the following questions in four-five sentences: (Short Essay – 4 Marks)
55. Explain the function of a fuse wire. (Difficult)
56. Explain everyday devices based on the heating effect of electricity. (Difficult)
57. Provide an explanation on "Effects caused by electric current." (Difficult)
58. Why is Nichrome wire used in heating devices? (Difficult)
VIII. Answer the following questions: Five Marks Questions (Long Answer – 5 Marks)
59. Explain the three main effects caused by electric current. (Difficult)
60. Describe your experience of making a simple electromagnet. (Difficult)
Activity-Based Questions:
61. Make a simple electromagnet. Write down the required materials and procedure.
(Difficult)
62. Make a simple electric circuit to demonstrate the function of a 'fuse'. (Difficult)
Numerical Problems:
63. A fuse wire can withstand a current of only 5 Amp. If a device uses 1150 W of power
with 230 V electricity, is this fuse sufficient?
64. If 2Amp current flows through a Nichrome wire with 10 Ohms resistance, what is the
heat produced? (Heat = I²RT)
65. When electricity flows from a 1.5 V battery, a bulb uses 0.3 Amp current. How much
energy does it consume in 10 seconds? (Power = VI, Energy = P × t)

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 Unit - 11.
The light
Learning outcomes:
1. Light travels in a straight line. Understanding reflection of light.
2. Understanding the characteristics of images formed by different mirrors.
3. Studying ray diagrams of light reflection.
4. Explaining that light travels in a straight line.
5. Explaining the process and laws of reflection.
6. Understanding the characteristics of images from plane, convex, and concave mirrors.
7. Comparing the size, position, and characteristics of images.
8. Explaining the lateral inversion property of images.
9. Identifying daily uses of each type of mirror. Example: Shaving mirror, rearview
mirror, dental use.
10. Examining light behaviours through activities.
11. Experimentally performing mirror experiments.
12. Understanding that light is an important energy in the lives of living beings.

I. Choose the correct answer from the four options given for each of the following:
1. Light travels in this type of path.
A. Straight line path only in air medium
B. Straight line path only in vacuum
C. Always a straight line path
D. Sometimes a straight line path (Easy)
2. When light travels from one medium to another, it changes its direction of
propagation. This phenomenon is called.
A. Light absorption
B. Light reflection
C. Light refraction
D. Light scattering (Easy)
3. Light travel at maximum speed in the following:
A. Glass B. Water
C. Diamond D. Kerosene (Easy)
4. In the Panchatantra story of the lion and the rabbit, the scientific reason embedded in
tricking the lion by showing its reflection in water is:
A. Light scattering
B. Light refraction
C. Light reflection
D. Light dispersion (Easy)
5. The speed of light in vacuum is
A. 3X 108 m/s B. 3X 108 ms
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C. 3𝑋10 m/s D. 3𝑋109 m/s (Average)
6. Mirror that can be used to obtain a real image:
A. Plane mirror
B. Spherical mirror
C. Convex mirror
D. Concave mirror (Average)

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7. Mirror always forms an image of the same size as the object:
A. Plane mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. Concave mirror
D. Spherical mirror (Average)
8. The image formed by a plane mirror:
A. Real and erect
B. Real and inverted
C. Virtual and erect
D. Virtual and inverted (Average)
9. The mirror used by drivers in vehicles to see the rear view is:
A. Plane mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. Concave mirror
D. Spherical mirror (Average)
10. Number of images formed when two mirrors are placed at a 90° angle:
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. Infinite (Easy)
11. The ray diagram formed when a light ray passes from air through a glass slab is :
(Easy)

12. February 28th is celebrated as National Science Day in India. On this day:
A. Sir C.V. Raman announced his research on the Raman effect.
B. Sir C.V. Raman received the Nobel Prize.
C. It is Sir C.V. Raman's birthday.
D. None of the above (Average)
13. Identify in the following ray diagram how refraction occurs in a convex lens
(Average)

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14. Identify the divergence that occurs in a concave lens in the ray diagram. (Average)

15. The materials that cannot be used to make a lens:

A. Water B. Plastic
C. Clay D. Glass (Easy)
16. The lens used for near-sightedness is
A. Convex lens B. Concave lens
C. Plane lens D. Cylindrical lens (Easy)
17. The reason for stars twinkling at night is:
A. Refraction of light B. Scattering of light
C. Diffraction of light D. Total internal reflection (Average)
18. Rainbow is caused by:
A. Scattering of light
B. Refraction of light
C. Reflection and total internal reflection of light (Average)
D. All of the above
19. The sky appears blue due to:
A. Refraction of light
B. Scattering of light
C. Diffraction of light
D. Total internal reflection (Average)
20. Number of colours in a rainbow are:
A. 6 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9 (Easy)
21. The scientific reason for seeing different colours on soap bubbles is:
A. Interference of light
B. Diffraction of light
C. Polarization of light
D. Refraction of light (Average)
22. These are the primary colours seen in a rainbow
A. White, Blue, Red (WBR)
B. Yellow, Green, Pink
C. Green, Red, Blue (RGB)
D. Black, White, Blue (Average)

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23. Light propagation in the atmosphere occurs due to
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Dust particles
C. Helium
D. Water vapour particles (Average)
24. When an astronaut goes up, the sky appears in this colour
A. Blue B. Black
C. Red D. White (Average)
25. Your image in a plane mirror is approaching you at 10 cm/s. At what speed is your
image approaching you?
A. 10 cm/s B. 5 cm/s
C. 20 cm/s D. 15 cm/s (Average)
26. The increasing order of wavelengths for the given colours:
1. Orange, 2. Blue, 3. Yellow, 4. Violet
A. 1,2,3,4 B. 1,3,2,4
C. 4,2,1,3 D. 4,2,3,1 (Difficult)
27. In a rainbow, this colour is between orange and green.
A. Indigo B. Blue C. Yellow D. Red (Average)
28. The dispersion of light colours in a glass slab occurs due to:
A. Total internal reflection of light
B. Diffraction
C. Dispersion
D. Reflection (Average)
29. The lens used in microscopes is:
A. Biconvex lens
B. Concave lens
C. Cylindrical lens
D. Convex lens (Easy)
30. The lens used in binoculars, cameras, astronomical telescopes, and microscopes is:
A. Convex lens B. Concave lens
C. Spherical lens D. Cylindrical lens (Easy)
31. Light travels like this:
A. Curved B. Left
C. Right D. Straight line (Easy)
32. The image of an object formed in a plane mirror is:
A. Inverted and real size
B. Erect and small
C. Large and erect
D. Darkened (Average)
33. This mirror shows distant objects as small.
A. Plane mirror B. Convex mirror
C. Concave mirror D. Lens (Average)
34. The purpose of light reflection is:
A. To absorb light B. To scatter light
C. To turn light D. To destroy light (Average)

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 35. Light is this type of energy:
A. Sound energy
B. Heat energy
C. Electrical energy
D. Particle energy (Radiant energy) (Easy)
II. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers:
36. Light spreads in a ___________ line.(Easy)
37. A ___________ mirror appears sunken. (Average)
38. A plane mirror gives a ___________ image. (Average)
39. If the image of an object shows it to the right, in reality, it is in the ___________ part.
(Average)
40. Concave mirrors are used in ___________.(Average)
41. A ___________ can be used to disperse light into seven colors. (Average)
42. An image that cannot be obtained on a screen is called a ___________.(Average)
43. An image that can be obtained on a screen is called a ___________.(Average)
III. Write True or False for the following statements:
44. A ray of light travels in a straight line path.(Easy)
45. A concave mirror can form a large and erect image. (Average)
46. A convex lens always forms a real image. (Average)
47. If reflected light falls on an object, it can be seen. (Average)
48. A plane mirror always forms an image of the same size as the object. (Average)
49. A real image can be obtained using a convex lens.(Easy)
50. A virtual image can be obtained on a screen.(Easy)
51. An image can be obtained and enlarged through a convex mirror. (Average)
52. A large, inverted image can be obtained through a concave mirror. (Average)
IV. Match the column A with the column B: (Difficult)
53.
A B
1. Plane mirror i. Distant object appears small
2. Concave mirror ii. Change in direction of light
3. Convex mirror iii. Erect image
4. Reflection iv. Near object appears large

54.
A B
1. Convex mirror i. Distant object appears small
2. Plane mirror ii. Near object appears large
3. Concave mirror iii. ∠i=∠r
4. Angle of mirror iv. Real sized image
V. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence:
55. What is the returning of light in a spherical mirror called? (Average)
56. What is the source of light? (Average)
57. Which mirror is used as side mirrors in vehicles? (Average)
58. How can we change the direction of light? (Average)
59. Which type of mirror forms a real image? (Average)

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 60. Which type of lens forms a virtual image? (Average)
61. Give one example of a curved mirror. (Average)
62. What is a real image?(Easy)
63. What are the two types of mirrors? (Average)
64. Write one use of lenses. (Average)
65. What is a convex mirror? (Average)
66. What happens when light falls on a shiny or polished surface? (Average)
67. Write one use of a convex mirror. (Average)
VI. Answer the following questions in two-three sentences: (Short Answer – 2 Marks)
68. Write the laws of reflection. (Average)
69. What is the use of a mirror? (Easy)
70. Name two uses of a concave mirror. (Average)
71. Why can't we see a candle flame through a bent pipe? (Average)
72. What is light reflection? (Average)
73. When does a rainbow appear in the sky? (Average)
74. We see reflections of trees or buildings in water. Give reason. (Average)
75. Why are concave and convex mirrors called spherical mirrors? (Average)
76. Why is the image formed in a stainless steel plate erect and of the same size as the
object? (Average)
77. Write two instances resembling the colours of a rainbow. (Difficult)
78. Tina spins a circular wheel with seven colours equally painted on it very fast. She
then sees mostly white colour. What is the reason? (Difficult)
79. What kind of image does the inner part of a spoon form? (Difficult)
80. What are the characteristics of images formed in a plane mirror? (Difficult)
81. Light travels in a straight line path. Explain. (Difficult)
82. In a plane mirror, the right hand appears as the left hand. What is this property called?
(Average)
83. Why does the image in a plane mirror show lateral inversion? (Average)
84. Why is a convex mirror used in vehicles?(Average)
VII. Answer the following questions in three-four sentences: (Brief Answer – 3 Marks)
85. Write the characteristics of a plane mirror. (Difficult)
86. Explain the differences between a convex mirror and a concave mirror. (Difficult)
87. Compare the differences in images formed by plane, convex, and concave mirrors.
(Difficult)
88. When light is passed through a concave mirror onto paper, the paper burns. Why?
(Difficult)

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VIII. Answer the following questions in four-five sentences: (Short Essay – 4 Marks)
89. Define light reflection and explain with a diagram. (Difficult)
90. Explain how a concave mirror forms an image.
In this picture, a burning candle is placed in front of a plane mirror. Observe the
picture and write the characteristics of the image. (Difficult)

91. Write the seven colours of a rainbow in order. (Average)

92. Explain how a real image of the sun can be obtained through a convex lens. (Difficult)
93. The image below shows light rays falling on convex and concave lenses. Complete
the diagram to show whether the light rays converge or diverge according to the
nature of the lenses. (Difficult)

Numerical Problems:
94. A ray falls at an angle of 40° to the normal. What is the angle of reflection?(Average)
95. If light falls at an angle of incidence of 30°. What is the angle of reflection? (Difficult)
96. If you are standing 2 meters in front of a plane mirror, how far away will the image
be? (Difficult)
97. Explain the characteristics of an image when a mirror reflects at a 45° angle,
including a diagram.(Average)
98. Angle of incidence = 30°. What is the angle of reflection?(Average)
99. What is the direction of reflection for a ray coming at 45° to the normal? (Difficult)

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