UNIT 1:

Citizenship
Training
1 Bill of
Rights
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
What is Constitution?
A constitution is a system for government,
codified as a written document, which contains
fundamental laws and principles. It usually
contains fundamental political principles, and
establishes the structure, procedures, powers
and duties of a government.
 The Constitution of the Philippines is the supreme law
of the Philippines. The constitution currently in effect was
enacted in 1987, during the administration of President
Corazon C. Aquino, and is popularly known as the “1987
Constitution”. Philippine constitutional law experts
recognize three other previous constitutions as having
effectively governed the country – the 1935
Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and
the 1986 Freedom Constitution. Constitutions for the
Philippines were also drafted and adopted during the short
– lived governments of Presidents Emilio Aguinaldo (1898)
and Jose P. Laurel (1943).
Parts of the 1987
Constitution
Article I – National Territory
Article II – Declaration of Principle and
State Policies
Article III – Bill of Rights
Article IV – Citizenship
Article V – Suffrage
Parts of the 1987
Constitution
Article VI – Legislative
Department
Article VII – Executive
Department
Article VIII – Judicial Department
Article IX – Constitutional
Parts of the 1987
Constitution
Article XI – Accountability of Public
Officers
Article XII – National Economy and
Patrimony
Article XIII – Social Justice and Human
Rights
Article XIV – Education, Science and
Parts of the 1987
Constitution
Article XV – The Family
Article XVI – General Provisions
Article XVII – Amendments or
Revisions
Article XVIII – Transitory
Provisions
What is Bill of Rights?
The Bill of Rights is the declaration
and enumeration of the individual
rights and privileges and is designed
to protect violations against
individuals and a limitation upon the
power of the state.
Section
[Link] person shall be deprived of
life, liberty, or property without
due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
Section
[Link], papers, and effects against unreasonable
The right of the people to be secure in their persons,

searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any

purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable
cause to be determined personally by the judge after
examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the
persons or things to be seized.
Section
3. (1) The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except
upon lawful order of the court, or when public
safety or order requires otherwise, as
prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this
or the preceding section shall be
inadmissible for any purpose in any
Section
4.
No law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or
of the press, or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble and petition
the government for redress of
grievances.
Section
5. No law shall be made respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof. The free exercise and
enjoyment of religious profession and
worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No
religious test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
Aspects of Religious
Freedom
Freedom to
01 Believe
• absolute right of every individual to believe
whatever they want to believe.

0 Freedom to Act
2 • this is not absolute; actions based
on religious beliefs is limited.
Section
[Link] liberty of abode and of changing the
same within the limits prescribed by law shall
not be impaired except upon lawful order of
the court. Neither shall the right to travel be
impaired except in the interest of national
security, public safety, or public health, as
may be provided by law.
Section
7.
The right of the people to information on matters of
public concern shall be recognized. Access to
official records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or
decisions, as well as to government research data
used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as
may be provided by law.
Section
8. The right of the people, including
those employed in the public and
private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for
purposes not contrary to law shall not
be abridged.
Section
9.
Private property shall not
be taken for public use
without just
compensation.
Eminent Domain
• Right or power of the state to take
private property for public use upon
paying to the owner a just
compensation.
Section
[Link] law impairing the
obligation of contracts
shall be passed.
Section
[Link] access to the courts and
quasi-judicial bodies and
adequate legal assistance shall
not be denied to any person by
reason of poverty.
Section
12.(1) Any person under investigation for the
commission of an offense shall have the right to
be informed of his right to remain silent and to
have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot
afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived
except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
Section
12.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation, or any other means
which vitiate the free will shall be
used against him. Secret detention
places, solitary, incommunicado, or
other similar forms of detention are
prohibited.
Section
12.
(3) Any confession or admission
obtained in violation of this or
Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against
him.
Section
12.(4) The law shall provide for
penal and civil sanctions for
violations of this section as well
as compensation to and
rehabilitation of victims of torture
or similar practices, and their
Miranda Doctrine
• You have the right to remain silent.
• Anything you say or do may be used
against you in a court of law.
Miranda Doctrine
• You have the right to consult an
attorney before speaking to the police
and to have an attorney present
during questioning now or in the
future.
Miranda Doctrine
• If you cannot afford an attorney, one
will be appointed for you before any
questioning, if you wish.
Miranda Doctrine
• If you decide to answer any questions
now, without an attorney present, you
will still have the right to stop
answering at any time until you talk to
an attorney.
Miranda Doctrine
• Knowing and understanding your
rights as I have explained them to
you, are you willing to answer my
questions without an attorney
present?
Section
13.
All persons, except those charged with offenses
punishable by Reclusion Perpetua when evidence
of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be
bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law. The
right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is
suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
Section
14.(1) No person shall be
held to answer for a
criminal offense without
due process of law.
Section
14.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed
innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be
heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and
cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial,
and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have
compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the
production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment,
trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused
provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is
unjustifiable.
Section
[Link] privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in cases of
invasion or rebellion when the
public safety requires it.
Section
16.
All persons shall have the right
to a speedy disposition of their
cases before all judicial,
quasi-judicial, or administrative
bodies.
Section
17. No person shall be
compelled to be a
witness against himself.
Section
18.
(1) No person shall be detained solely
by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form
shall exist except as a punishment for a
crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted.
Section
19.
(1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor
cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be
imposed, unless, for compelling reasons
involving heinous crimes, the Congress
hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
already imposed shall be reduced to Reclusion
Perpetua.
Section
19. (2) The employment of physical,
psychological, or degrading punishment
against any prisoner or detainee or the
use of substandard or inadequate penal
facilities under subhuman conditions
shall be dealt with by law.
Section
20. No person shall be
imprisoned for debt or
non-payment of a poll
tax.
Section
[Link] person shall be twice put in
jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is punished by a law
and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall constitute
a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.
Section
22.
No ex post facto law
or bill of attainder
shall be enacted.
2 Philippine
Flag and the
Heraldic
The Philippine National
Flag
Section 4.
The flag of the Philippines shall
be blue, white, and red with an
eight rayed golden-yellow sun
and three five-pointed stars, as
consecrated and honored by the
people.
Section 4.
The Philippine national flag has a rectangular
shape and has a white equilateral triangle design
with blue and red horizontal stripes. The white
equilateral triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and
fraternity, while the horizontal blue stripe
symbolizes peace, truth, and justice; and the red
horizontal stripe symbolizes patriotism and valor.
Section 4.
The three stars
signify the three
main islands of the
archipelago.
Luzon, Visayas
(Panay), and
Mindanao.
Section 4.
The eight rays of the sun signify the
eight provinces that revolted against
Spain during the Spanish revolution.
Manila, Pampanga, Batangas, Tarlac,
Bulacan Laguna, Cavite, and Nueva
Ecija.
Section 6.
The National Flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night,
throughout the year, in front of the following: at Malacañang
Palace; Congress of the Philippines building; Supreme Court
building; Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Bonifacio
Monument in Caloocan City; Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit,
Cavite; Barasoain Church Historical a landmark in Malolos,
Bulacan; Marcela Agoncillo Historical Landmark in Taal,
Batangas; Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga
Bayani, Makati City, Mausoleo de losVeteranos de la
Revolucion, North Cemetery, Manila; all International Ports of
Entry and all other places as may be designated by the
Institute.
Malacañang Palace
Congress of the
Philippines
Supreme Court
Rizal Monument
Bonifacio
Monument
Emilio Aguinaldo
Shrine
Barasoain Church
Marcela Agoncillo
Historical
Landmark
Libingan ng mga
Bayani
 Mausoleo de
losVeteranos de la
Revolucion (Manila North
Cemetery
Section 7.
The National Flag shall also be displayed in
private buildings and residences or raised in the
open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every
April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day);
(National Flag Days) from May 28 to June
(Bonifacio Day); and December 30(Rizal Day);
and on such other days as may be declared or
approved by the President and/or local chief
executives.
Section 9.
The National Flag shall
be flown on all naval
vessels and on
merchant ships of
Philippine registry, of
more than one thousand
(1,000) gross tons.
Section 9.
On all aircraft of
Philippine registry, the
National Flag shall be
prominently displayed
horizontally on its
fuselage at the head
portion with the hoist
side pointing the
forward direction.
Section 10.
The National Flag, if flown from a
flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in
time of peace and the red field on top in
time of war; if in a hanging position, the
blue field shall be to the left (observer's
point of view) in time of peace, and the
red field to the left (observer's point of
view) in time of war.
Section 10.
Section 11.
If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall
be at a prominent place and shall be of such
height as would give the National Flag
commanding position in relation to the
buildings in the vicinity. The flagpole must
not be of equal height or higher than the
Independence Flagpole at the Rizal Park,
Manila.
Section 11.
Section 12.
When the National Flag is
flown with flag or flags of
other countries, the flags
must be of equal size and
on separate staffs of the
same height. The National
Flag shall be hoisted first
and lowered last.
Section 12.
When displayed in a
semi-circle of flags with
other countries or house
flags, the National Flag
should be at the center.
Section 12.
When displayed in a circle of flags
with other countries or house flags,
the National Flag should be flown on
the flagpole facing the main road
(point of reference- KM 0 Rizal Park,
Manila); or in front of a monument; or
the main entrance of the building.
The flags of other countries or house
flags should be arranged
counter-clockwise in alphabetical
order, by precedence or by protocol.
Section 13.
When displayed in a row or in
a parade with flags of other
countries, the National Flag
shall be on the left (observer’s
point of view) of the other
flags. The flags of other
countries should be arranged
in alphabetical order from left
to right.
Section 13.
When displayed in a row of
house flags, the National Flag
shall be in front of the center of
the line or on the left
(observer’s point of view) of
the row. The house flags
should be arranged in
alphabetical order from left to
right.
Section 14.
A worn-out National Flag should not be thrown away. It
should be solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration.
The National Flag shall be replaced immediately when it
begins to show signs of wear and tear.
Section 15.
The National Flag shall be raised at sunrise and
lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at the
start of official school and office hours and shall
remain flying throughout the day.
The National Flag shall not be raised in inclement
weather if already raised, the National Flag shall
not be lowered for the whole day.
Section 15.
Section 16.
The National Flag may be displayed:

Inside and/or outside a

building, on a stationary or
movable flagpole. If the
National Flag is displayed
indoors on a flagpole, it shall
be placed at the left of the
observer as one enters the
room;
Section 16.
The National Flag may be displayed:

From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a

prominent place or a commanding position in
relation to the surrounding buildings;
From a staff projecting upward from the window
sill, roof, canopy, balcony, or facade of a building;
Section 16.
The National Flag may be displayed:

In a suspended position
from a rope extending
from a building to a pole
erected away from the
building;
Section 16.
The National Flag may be displayed:

Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and

stars on top;
Section 16.
The National Flag may be displayed:

Hanging vertically in the middle

of the two-way traffic road, the
blue field should be pointing
east, if the road is heading
south or north and if the road is
heading east or west the blue
field should be pointing north;
and
Section 16.
The National Flag may be displayed:

Hanging vertically at the sides or middle of the one-way traffic road,

the blue field should be at the left of the observer.
Section 17.
The flag shall be hoisted to
the top briskly and lowered
ceremoniously. The flag
must be properly folded
before hanging at the start
of the ceremony. It shall
not be left hanging at the
base of the flagpole while
waiting for the flag
ceremony.
Section 17.
The flag shall never
touch anything
beneath it, such as
the ground, flood,
water or other
objects.
Section 17.
After being lowered,
the flag shall be
handled and folded
solemnly as part of
the ceremony.
Section 18.
All government offices,
including national or local
government units and
institutions, shall
henceforth observe the
flag-raising ceremony
every Monday morning and
the flag-lowering ceremony
every Friday afternoon.
Section 23.
The National Flag shall be flown at
half-mast as a sign of mourning on all the
buildings and places where it is displayed,
as provided, on the day of the official
announcement of the death of any of the
following officials:
Section 23.
The President or a former President, for
ten (10) days;
The Vice-President, the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, the President of the Senate and
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for
seven (7) days;
Section 23.
Cabinet Secretaries, Associate Justices of
the Supreme Court, Members of the
Senate and House of Representatives, the
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines and the Director-General of the
Philippine National Police, for five (5) days;
Section 23.
Heads of National Government Agencies,
including Government-Owned and Control
Corporations and Government Financial
Institutions, for three (3) days;
Section 23.
The Commanding Generals of the
Philippine Air Force and the Philippine
Army and the Flag Officer in Command of
the Philippine Navy, for three (3) days;
Section 23.
Governors, Vice-Governors, city and
municipal Mayors, city and municipal Vice
Mayors, for three (3) days;
Section 23.
Members of the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan, Sangguniang Panlungsod,
and Sangguniang Bayan, on the day of
interment;
Section 23.
Barangay Chairmen and the Barangay
Councilmen on the day of interment;
Section 23.
Former National or Local Government
Officials, appointive or elective, other than
those specified above, on the day of
interment, within their former respective
territorial jurisdictions and by resolution of
their respective Sanggunian;
Section 23.
Regional Directors, Superintendents, Supervisors,
Principals, Teachers, and other school officials, on the
day of interment and by order of the proper school
authorities concerned;
Section 23.
Recipients of national orders and decorations, on the
day of interment and by order of the President or the
Congress; and

Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for a

period of less than seven (7) days.
Section 23.
The National Flag shall
also be flown at
half-mast during
calamities/tragedies of
national or international
significance as ordered
by the Office of the
President.
Section 23.
The National Flag shall be permanently hoisted at
half-mast day and night throughout the year at the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga Bayani,
Fort Bonifacio, Makati City; Mausoleo de Los Veteranos
de la Revolucion, North Cemetery, Manila; and in all
memorial cemeteries dedicated to war veterans. The
National Flag of these declared sites shall be properly
illuminated at night.
Section 23.
Section 23.
Section 24.
The National Flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored
dead of the military, veterans of previous wars, National Artists, and
of civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the nation,
as may be determined by the local government unit concerned. In
such cases, the National Flag shall be placed such that the white
triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the
right side of the casket. The National Flag shall not be lowered to
the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded
solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the deceased or next of
kin.
Section 24.
No object must be
put on top of the
National Flag,
except for religious
objects that
symbolize" God
above Country".
Section 24.
Section 25.
The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the National Flag:
Ako ay Pilipino

Buong katapatang nanunumpa

Sa watawat ng Pilipinas

At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag

Na may dangal, Katarungan at Kalayaan

Na pinakikilos ng sambayanan

Maka-Diyos

Maka-tao

Makakalikasan at

Makabansa.
Section 25.
Such pledge shall be recited right after the singing
of the National Anthem, the throng standing with
the right palm open, raised shoulder high.
Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit
them from making such pledge must nonetheless
show full respect by standing at attention.
Section 26.
The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is
declared as National Flag Days, during which
period all offices, agencies, and instrumentalities of
the government, business establishments,
institutions of learning, private buildings, and
homes are enjoined to display the National Flag.
Section 26.
The government
offices and local
government units
concerned shall
display the National
Flag on main
thoroughfares, parks,
plazas, and other
public places.
Section 34.
To mutilate, deface,
defile, trample on, cast
contempt, or commit any
act or omission casting
dishonor or ridicule upon
the National Flag or over
its surface;
Section 34.
To dip the National
Flag to any person
or object by way of
compliment or
salute;
Section 34.
To use National
Flag:
▪ As drapery, festoon,
tablecloth;
▪ As covering for
ceilings, walls, statues,
or other objects;
Section 34.
To use National
Flag:
▪ As a pennant in the
hood, side, back,
and top of motor
vehicles;
Section 34.
To use National
Flag:
▪ As a staff or
whip;
Section 34.
To use National
Flag:
▪ For unveiling
monuments or
statues; and
Section 34.
To use National
Flag:
▪ As trademarks, or for
industrial, commercial,
or agricultural labels or
designs.
Section 34.
To wear the
National Flag in
whole or in part as
a costume or
uniform;
Section 34.
To add any word,
figure, mark, picture,
design, drawings,
advertisement, or
imprint of any nature
on the National Flag;
Section 34.
To print, paint, or
attach representation
of the National Flag
on handkerchiefs,
napkins, cushions,
and articles of
merchandise;
Section 34.
To display in public any
foreign flag, except in
embassies and other
diplomatic
establishments, and in
offices of international
organizations;
Section 34.
To use or display or be
part of any advertisement
or infomercial; and
Section 34.
To display the
National Flag in
front of buildings or
offices occupied by
aliens.
Section 35.
The National Anthem is
entitled Lupang Hinirang.
Section 36.
The National Anthem shall
always be sung in the
national language within
or without the country.
Section 37.
The rendition of the National
Anthem, whether played or sung,
shall be in accordance with the
musical arrangement and
composition of Julian Felipe.
Section 38.
When the National Anthem is
played at a public gathering,
whether by a band or by
singing or both, or reproduced
by any means, the attending
public shall sing the anthem.
The singing must be done with
fervor.
Section 38.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand
at attention and face the Philippine flag, if
there is one displayed, and if there is none,
they shall face the band or the conductor. At
the first note, all persons shall execute a
salute by placing their right palms over their
left chests. Those in military, scouting,
citizens military training and security guard
uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by
their regulations. The salute shall be
completed upon the last note of the anthem.
Section 38.
The anthem shall not be played and
sung for mere recreation, amusement
or entertainment purposes except on
the following occasions:

International competitions
where the Philippines is
the host or has a
representative;
Section 38.
The anthem shall not be played and
sung for mere recreation, amusement
or entertainment purposes except on
the following occasions:

Local competitions;
Section 38.
The anthem shall not be played and
sung for mere recreation, amusement
or entertainment purposes except on
the following occasions:

During the "signing off"

and "signing on" of radio
broadcasting and
television stations;
Section 38.
The anthem shall not be played and
sung for mere recreation, amusement
or entertainment purposes except on
the following occasions:

Before the initial and last

screening of films and before
the opening of theater
performances; and
Section 38.
The anthem shall not be played and
sung for mere recreation, amusement
or entertainment purposes except on
the following occasions:

Other occasions as
may be allowed by
the Institute.
Section 39.
All officials and employees of the national and local
government, and any agency or instrumentality thereof,
including government-owned or controlled corporations,
privately-owned entities or offices displaying the national
flag and government institutions of learning are hereby
directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed for the
rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules shall
be a ground for administrative discipline.
Section 40.
The national Motto shall be
"MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA."
Section 41.
The National Coat-of-Arms shall have:
Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and
gules; a chief argent studded with three
(3) mullets equidistant from each other;
and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over
all the sun rayonnant with eight minor
and lesser rays. Beneath shall be the
scroll with the words "REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS," inscribed thereon.
Section 41.
Coat of arms, (Sagisag ng Pilipinas) used primarily to
establish identity in battle. The three five-pointed stars
represents the three main islands of the country. The
eight rayed sun represents eight provinces who revolted
against Spain, on the blue field the North American Bald
Eagle which represents the United States. On the red
field Lion rampant, coat of arms of the Kingdom of Leon
of Spain. Both representing the country's colonial past.
Section 42.
The Great Seal shall be circular in form,
with the arms as described in the
preceding section, but without the scroll
and the inscription thereon. Surrounding
the whole shall be a double marginal circle
within which shall appear the words
"Republika ng Pilipinas." For the purpose
of placing The Great Seal, the color of the
arms shall not be deemed essential but
tincture representation must be used.
Section 42.
The Great Seal shall also bear the
National Motto. The Great Seal of the
Philippines (Dakilang Sagisag ng
Pilipinas) is used to authenticate official
documents of the Philippine government.
The Great Seal of the Philippines is under
the custody of the President.
Section 48.
Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this
Act; and any violation of the corresponding rules
and regulations issued by the Office of the
President shall, after proper notice and hearing,
be penalized by public censure which shall be
published at least once in a newspaper of general
circulation.
Section 50.
Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of
this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less
than Five thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more
than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the
discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and
additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be
imposed: Provided, That in case the violation is committed by a
juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof
shall be liable.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

The flag must be

handled by two
people on opposite
ends of the flag.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

The blue field must be

aligned to the left-hand
side of the person
standing at the head of
the flag (where the sun
is), before it is folded
over.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

Flipping it over, the blue field of the

flag must look like the photo below.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

Another fold must be made quartering the flag

lengthwise, completely hiding the red field.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

One end of the flag must be folded diagonally

to form a small triangle.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

Then repeatedly folded the same way keeping

the triangular shape intact.
How to fold the Philippine National Flag

The folded flag must have one of the stars and

only a silver of the blue field visible.