CIVE 207 MIDTERM T

ecture 1 introduction

eview of force vectors a so

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ii aa
so B

s it Entity more it IE [Link]

vector addition
A B R
A Pt 9
parallelogram t
B J law igngle
I B B F communitative

vector operations
B Law of cosines c VA B2 2ABcosc
a Ya
b
naw of sines
g a sipp sfnc
Position vectors

1 93
ÉÉÉÉÉa c Cy B ya j 2B 2A K

Force directed aline

along of
use a untector the line and the forces magnitude
F F W AB IF 1
13
cross 509 since I_
J
II
B I K
A
X
1074 I F nm or lb f th
r
f

haissgamnecmeagneuaebut opposite
in direction
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[Link] tenEtmoment td
he moment of a couple depends only on distance between the forces
can be moved anywhere on the body and
Tautte'ffehEhtetEernac effect
The Loa must point from F to F
 Lecture 2 stress and strain

is generally subjected to
andMittelfts [Link] e tethEeam
Normal force N
Bending moment
a
v 1
tension
v
shear
motment
moment
d
a

compression

ieein i i ints ii a section

17 Normal
EE
force N
in
force acts perpendicular to the area
push pull force
27 shear force v force that lies in the plane of the area
sliding force
37 Torque T moment developed when the external loads twist the boat
4 Bending moment M external loads bend the body about an axis
Applications
Beams structural members designed to support loads applied
1 to axis thicker at supports than at center

orientation of internal forces

RHS N Ng LHS

it me
To determine we need to take imaginary cuts

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ii i

centric loading line of action of load is passing through centroid of object

Gives a uniform distribution of stress

is n eia i Eess it.i Enemies

an axial force and a moment not uniform or symmetric
 II in tosecnonar

near distribution varies within the member cannot be assumed

o be linear co over average
single shear

tave Fria
the inte'd toe

double

shearing [Link] qggazpianeseave Fui2a

Bearing stress
bearings parts that assist objects in rotation
Bolts rivets pins create stresses on the points of contact bearing
surfaces of the members that connect
Bearing stress Ob Flt d bearing

ss P n'[Link] Eioncnegiectpinss as view

onet include pins 3D view

tress on an oblique plane

o sinocoso

Ao

Max normal stress

when 0 0011800 Ao is 1 to member axis
on

shear y o cat minimum

S
in I
am
2
Factor of safety
structural members are designed such that working stresses
re less than the ultimate strength
is
If the loads are applied at the centre of each plate, the plates will move toward each other without rotating, causing
the member to get shorter, while increasing in width and thickness. It is assumed that the member will remain
straight, plane sections will remain plane, and all elements of the member will deform in the same way, since this
assumption is compatible with the given end conditions.

If the loads are concentrated, this results in large deformations, strains, and
stresses near the points of application of the loads, while no deformation
takes place at the corners. Considering elements farther and farther from
the ends, a progressive equalization of the deformations and a more
uniform distribution of the strains and stresses are seen across a section of
the member.
Potato
I'scofretp the 9ft Eston R t t where ta ultimate torque
age max
we no longer use a we are in the plastic
region
Elastoplast
n't let t c and plastic deformation

only elastic
eaggy s d's tic
aka tP
5t fEjgar
[Link] T4
JE TyEHCZEy

For a circular shaft of elasto plastic material only undergoing

torsion to
calculate ftp.g
T
Ty
5ifIsIy sigstfc
1
1 943
residual stress in circular shafts
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a max load

1
unloading

loading

n Enso section
Tmax
tape cEb3G

a widest
b narrowest