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Ice (Power Cycles)

The document discusses internal and external combustion engines, detailing their definitions, applications, and the main geometric parameters of internal combustion engines. It covers the Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, and Dual cycle efficiencies, as well as the concept of Mean Effective Pressure (MEP). Additionally, it highlights the differences between petrol and diesel engines and explains the operation of two-stroke engines.

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nothatomaseko
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4 views14 pages

Ice (Power Cycles)

The document discusses internal and external combustion engines, detailing their definitions, applications, and the main geometric parameters of internal combustion engines. It covers the Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, and Dual cycle efficiencies, as well as the concept of Mean Effective Pressure (MEP). Additionally, it highlights the differences between petrol and diesel engines and explains the operation of two-stroke engines.

Uploaded by

nothatomaseko
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (POWER CYCLES)

• Internal combustion engine - is a heat engine that converts heat energy


(chemical energy of a fuel) into mechanical energy (usually made available on a rotating output
shaft). Combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is
an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

• Applications – cars, locomotives, airplanes, marine vessels, lawn mowers, etc.

• External combustion engine - is a heat engine where a working fluid, contained internally, is
heated by combustion in an external source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger

• Applications – Power plants (steam & natural gas plants)


MAIN GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF IC ENGINE
ACTUAL INDICATOR DIAGRAM OF A 4-STROKE PETROL ENGINE

Otto cycle (spark ignition or SI)


AIR STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS

1. The working fluid is air, which continuously circulates in a closed loop and always behaves as an ideal gas
2. All the processes that make up the cycle are internally reversible

3. The combustion process is replaced by a heat-addition process from an external source

4. The exhaust process is replaced by a heat-rejection process that restores the working fluid to its initial
state

Another assumption that is often utilized to simplify the analysis even more is that air has constant specific heats whose
values are determined at room temperature (25 C)
Otto cycle efficiency (otto)
Otto cycle efficiency (otto) continued
DIESEL CYCLE (diesel)
DIESEL CYCLE (diesel) continued
DUAL CYCLE (diesel)

1 𝛼𝜌𝑘 − 1
𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙=1−
𝑟𝑐𝑘−1 𝛼 − 1 + 𝛼𝑘(𝜌 − 1)

𝑣 𝑝 𝑣
Where 𝑟𝑐 = 𝑣1; 𝛼 = 𝑝3 ; 𝜌 = 𝑣3
2 2 2
MEAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE (MEP)

• It is a fictitious pressure that, if it acted on the piston during the entire power stroke, would produce the same
amount of net work as that produced during the actual cycle
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES
TWO STROKE ENGINE

• Two-stroke engines (both petrol and diesel engines) completes the cycle (both Otto and Diesel cycle) in just
two strokes of the piston. In moving from BDC to TDC, both the suction and compression occur whereas,
during TDC to BDC movement, both power and exhaust occur thus completing the total cycle.
In Brief:
(a) and (b): Up-stroke of the piston : Suction and Compression.

(c) and (d) : Down stroke of the piston : Expansion and Exhaust.

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