Chapter 8 CELL: THE UNIT OF LIF led - I The physico-chemical approach to study and oan lving organism is call 2 discovered the tiple helical sructure of collagen. 3. The 2 contrbutins of Ramachandran in biology are - iS sii first saw and described a lve cell 5. Cell was First seen by - 6, ____________ dacovered the nucleus 1 Matthias Schiden was a German/British botanist/zoologist (NET) & Theodore Schwann a Brtish/German botonist/zoclogit. (NEET) 4 Selden examined plans ord observed that all plants ae composed of efferent kinds of cle ny. 10. Schuann studied different types of animol cell in year ~ I______ reported that cet has a thin uter layer which i today know as plasma membrane 12. Schleiden concluded that presence of cell wall is a uni 8. cells, ique character of plant cells. T/F fa proposed thatthe bodies of animals and plants are composed a of cells and products of "4. Cll theory was given by (2) - 15 ________ fret explained that new cell are formed from 16 Omnis cella-e cella was given by - (NEET 2019) 11 Main arena of cellar actus in celle ~ (NET) IB Prlaryotes have membrane bound organles, T/E (NEED 1. Microbodies are resent in prok present in prokaryotes. T/F (Ny 20. Rbosomes are oe P ron-membrane bound organ 21 Re mentrane bound ergareles. T/F (NEED fo tnd only in cytoplasm. T/E (NEET) which ribosomes are found (3) -( 23.2 non-membrane bound melo {ane bound organelles in avin oe ce rganeles in animal cells are - 25. Mycoplasmas ar nly 26. Generally bacte length is - 21 The largest iclated gale cell is = 2 Diameler of hana 24 Size of vue ee pre-existing cells in length (NEET) 30. Size of PPLQ ad 8 Sie oF fy MEET 2020 a 2 "eal eukaryotic cells SS t t é é_ PROKARYOTIC CELLS 431 The prokaryotic cels are represented by - (4) 33, Eukaryotes multiply more rapidly than prokaryotes. T/F 3h, The 4 basic shapes of bacteria are - 35. Cell wall is present in all prokaryotes except - (NEET 2022) 3 Prokaryfes have single chromosome, 1/F 437 Prokaryotes have circular DNA. T/F 35 Smal extrachromesomal DNA is olled - 4 Plasmid DNA confers certain unique —_______— fo bacteria. fom of such a character is - () T___----~ is used fo monitor bacterial transformation with foreign DNA UZ Prokaryotes have something unique in the form of 13 Speilued dferentated form of cell membrane called ———— is the characteristic of prokaryotes lb, Prokaryotes have a chemiclly complex cll envelope, 1/F U5, The 3 layer cell envelope are - (NET) ae procedure developed by divide bacteria into categories namely (2) - Loose sheath glycocalyx is called - 18. Thick and fough glycocalyx ie called ~ © 44. Cell wall fan ~ (2) 50. Prkaryotic cell membrane is structurally similar fo eukaryote, T/F 5] Extensions of plasma membrane in the cell are of 3 forms, Name them 52 Mesosome help in (1) - (NEED) lr eyabocteria, there are other membranous extension ine cxeplem called ______- which contain piace (NEED) 5b. Bacterial flagella 3 parts are - 55, Longest portion out of the 3 is - [Link] ic absent in bacteria, T/F 51 _____ are elongated tubular structures made of a special protein are small bristles lke fibres sprouting out of the cell [Link] and fimbrae also play role in motility, T/F 60. Ribosome size - 61. Ribosome subunits in prokaryotes are ~ 62 Rbosome atfach fo single mRNA and form a chain caled —___————~ eF ————--=— (NEED 63 The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins, T/F (NEET)100 Glo. Reserve material is stored ae 65 Inclusion bodies are bounded b G6. Ea of incon bodes (3) ~ (NEED 67 Got ancl are found in (3) = (NEED « EUKARYOTIC CELLS 8 Iden the organelle inte plant cell shown Diga. | 64 enti he orgonll inthe ania cel shown Digad 2. 70, Extensive comportmentalization is not seen i” eukaryotes. T/F AL Organelle present in anima st all plant cell - @ CELL MEMBRANE 12. Detailed structure of the membrane was studied only after (NEET 2020) . 1/F (NEET 2020) yy membran isation i | cell but absent in alm the advert of —-—————— 1B Cell membrane are mainly composed of ~ (2) Jk, Polar head of lipid is towards the outer/inmer si TE. Lipid component mainly consist of - 46 Inthe pid component. nado to phosphalpd. membrane alo ides. (NEET) contains ____-—- T1 Cell membrane don't possess carbohydrate. T/F 1B Membrane of human erythrocyte has approx. —— J protein ard ____ 1 pds. (NEED . 1A. On the basis of —____—~ the 2 types of membrane profeine are - 80. Pergherl proteins le onthe surface of membrane. T/F Bl Infegal proteins are aluays tote buried inside the membrane. 1/E (NEET) A 82. Which medel of plasma membrane is shown in igo. 3. Label A to E. (NET) 83, Fluid mosaic model was given by whom and in which year ~ (NEED 8h, The quasi-fuid nature of lipid helps in - 85, The abilty to move within membrane is measured as fs 86, Flid nature of membrane is also important because of functions lke ~ (5)etl: THE UNIT OF LIFE 37 Define osmosis ae 58. The membrane is selectively permeah, 4, $4 Ex of active dransport (D - NEE tome molecul ) #8 present on edher side of ib I/F @ CELL WALL 1 40 Cel wall is non-living. T/F 4 Cell wall Functions ~ (4) az Ago cell wall is made up of (4) - NET) 23 In other plants. it consist of (4) (NEET) du. The primary walls copable of growth, T/E 45. The secondary well formed on the eutor/n Fira wide lela eo lnyer inky neo ner side of the cell 41 Funchon of middle lamella - of - (NEED) ae 8 ag ___— and ____ may be tr ay fe Yransversed by Uhich connect the eyfoplasm of neighboring cells (NEET; ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM 44, Each organelle of endomembrane system is distinct in ferme of it Dig 4 A etrachure and function, T/F 100. Endomembrane system include (4) - (NEET 2021, 2023) [01 Functions of mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes are not coordinated with endoplasmic reticulum. T/F 102 Uerlify the organelle shown in DigaB. 4, Label A to E NEET) 103. The ER dlvided the intracellular space info. and ___ comparhments (0b, Endoplesmic reticulum with ribosomes is colled - (NEET) (05, In absence of ribosome, it is called - (NEET) 106 RERisfrequenlly observed in te cells actively ive in - (2) (NEED 107. RER are continuous with - (08. SER fins (2) - (NEET 2018) 104. Identify the organelle shown in Digad. 5. Label X (NEET) 1 densely stained reficlar 0. ngear._-—- sberve structures paar the nucleus, (Re-NEET 2024) ; W Cay AEB cl of shoped ——— (NEET 2021, Re 24) U2 The sags and cisternae are of ————~ [im diameter Te cach other. (NEED 18. They are stalked paralleV/perpendicular ve Ik Varied numberof cisternae are present in Gl complexpues (Re-NEET 2024) _NEET 2024) different. T/F 102 also calle 15, Forming fae 16. Face a IT The cis and U8. cz ond trans face are ro i ion - 14. Gol opparats func 120. aor deliver material only ‘ 12] Moferals are packaged i” ae : yoga and emerge from ——-face. Re-NEET 20py 22 Materials fuse with ——— Fare of § ae formation of ———— 123. Golgi apparatus is important site 0 12h pee re vot membrane-bound T/F (NEET 2019 125 Lecosomes are Frmed bythe process of <=————— 176 Lyeoomes oe chin ——— enzymes (NEET 2016, 20!) I77. Hs enzymes are optimally active at acidic/basic pH. (NEET 2019) 18. Lypoomal enees cant gest mule oct TF 124 Vacuole contain (4) ~ (NEED (80, Vacuele membrane is called - (NEET) [3 In pant cel, vacuole can occupy up fo ———— 132. Tonoplast fin - 183, Concentration of some ian is higher in vacuole than in cytoplasm. T/F 13h, Contractile vacuole is present in and is important for £ (NET 2008 185, Food vacuoles are present in = to intra-celdar ( targets VF ED) 1 of the volume of the cell @ MITOCHONDRIA 136, deny the parts of mitachondria shown in Diga. 6. (NET) cay 131 Milochondria are foined by dye 7 135, The umber of mitochondria per cells ah SITE taped with dancer of im fe a 140. Hs length is i The inner compartment is filled with - —— [Um faverage __ [Lm) inner membrane forms a no. of infoldi (ae Function ~ ings called - (NEET 2024) It ‘t two memb anes have th : INS Arerlic respiration doce no hee EHTS ezssciated with mitochondrial Fc if not he ‘i 146i bern mlechonde TE NEE VE 41. Mitochondria DNA is single/double and circular (EET 21 rondria DNA i ircular/linear (Nj ‘ar ‘al7)piu: THE UNIT OF LIFE § Miochondre mally by PLASTIDS fe sud Plestide are Found in al plant celle and £0 Mischondria larger i size than ploshds. 17 Ops 1 va 3 dypes of plastids are « idenity the type of plostid shown in Din 7 Label A to F £65 Chloroplost contains pigments - (2) Ge Gvomoplas! have soluble - (2) ae gjees the port of the plant a yeleu, orange. or red calor S56 Leucoplst are coorful/coorless plastids. Tell their fen (NEET 2024) 51 Potato contain wich plastid - 158 Tel the 3 types of leucoplast and their Funetion 154 Majority of chloroplast are Found in __ 160 Length and width are - [6 Shapes of chloroplasts are (5) - 162 One chloroplast per cells present in - 163 Mezophyl cells have -_-—_ chloroplast per cell ~-== Hype of -—~ cells [6k Matrein mitochondria is analogous to ______ in chloroplast 165 The avter membrane is relatively less permeable 1/F 16, Thylakoids arrange in stacks 4o form —_____ (NEED) (61 Grana is also called _______ 168 Thylkoid of different grana are connected by ~ 164. The membrane of the thylakoids enclose a space called - 110 Stroma contains enaymes required for the synthesis of carbohydrate only. T/F 1. contains ssDNA, T/F (NEET 2024) "72. DNA is cireular/linear. (NEET 2024) "3. Chrophyl pigments are present in the stroma, T/F (NEED "Both chloroplast and mitochondria have - ribosomes. (NEEM) RIBOSOME, CYTOSKELETON, CILIA & FLAGELLA "5 Iden 6. Rib fy the organelle shown in Diga®. 8 and its parts A and B tomes were obs (Re-NEET 2024) Diga 8 A104 a (71. The he ee ley are composed of _ and (NEET) > Se TT8, Here S is -+~~-~ unit stands for ___. coefficient. (NFET) “g 179. Svedberg's unit drectly/imdirectly measure and of ribosom, 180. Eukaryotic ribosomes are __S while the prokaryotic riboxemes are _. § (NEET) '81 10s ribosome subunits are and ____. Tell the types of rRNA in each subunit 182. 80s ribosome subunits are ____ and ___.. Tell the types of rRNA in each suburil 83. An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures present in the cytoplasm is called - (NEET) I8l. Cytoskeleton consists of which 3 types of filamentous proteinaceous structures? 185. Cytoskeleton function (3) - (NEET 2023) 186. A section cilia/flagella is shown in DigaQ. 4. Identify its Digad 4 parts A to F 187, __ and ___ are hair like outgrowths of cell membrane. (NEET) 188. Cilla are small/large structures which work like causing the movement of either the cell or the surrounding fluid. (84. Flagella fxn - 190. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella are structurally similar, T/F (4. Cia and flagella are not covered with plasma membrane. T/F 192. Their core is called - (NEET 2024, Re 24) 193. Aroneme possesses a number of microfilaments running parallel to the long axis T/F Id. Aoneme have no. of microtubules arranged laterally and no. located in the center NE + 1as 4 pairs are laterally arranged and | pair is central late and is enclosed by a ———— of each peripheral Dg. ® 195, Such arrangement is called 4 (16. The central tubules are connected by ———— 197. Central sheath is connected to one of the tubule: doublets by a —— 198. Total no. of radial spokes in cilia are - 194. The peripheral doublets are aleo interconnected by - : 200. Both the cium and flagellum emerge from ——-———"Ie structure called _______-- ® CENTROSOME & CENTRIOLE 201 A transverse section centriole is shown in Dig 10. Identify its parts P to U 902 Centrosome contain 2AL ne UNIT OF LIFE | ae le parallel/perpendicular fo each other, which has an organisation ke a 103. ny Gentriles 95, Arrange ~~~ (NEET 2024) Five 4 ever/aneven spaced peripheral fibrils of : an verge bis 2 dub T/F oc ples ae ot biked T/F won protein Corral prt of proximal region of confile i called. whic is connected vith peripheral fle by tk ond spokes are made of Senile form (2) - (NEET) of microtubules in centrioles is ~ @ NUCLEUS & MICROBODIES cleus was first described by ____ in year ___ (Re-NEET 2024) materiel of nucleus was stained by acidic/basic dyes was given the name ———___ oe ET 2024) The interphase nucleus has nucleoprotein fibers called _______. (NET) Digad. II 1 erkify the parts of nucleus shown in Digad I 11 The space between the 2 nuclear membranes is of —_-—_mm eeaki a space. (NEET 2021) 15 The outer membrane remains continuous with - (NET) 1 Nuclear pores form by fusion of ~ 210 Movement of and ______ take place through ratkar pore 1 Nuckoplasm contains (2) - (NEET) Tl Nuech are shaped structures. (NEET) 283 Nes are membrane-bound. T/E (NEET) 2. belive ribosomal RNA synthesis occur in ___--— (NEET 2024) “"9¢" and more numerous nucleoli are present in cll 4 rrjing out protein synthesis. 1/F 5 a contains non-histone proteins. 1/F ecn't contain a nucleus hence it is non-living. T/F romatin contain () ~ (NET, Re 24) luman DNA (ie, - diploid DNA) is approximately __m long a: . ait of nucleolus is continuous with the rest of the nucleoplasm T/ "ity the structure shown in Dig. 12 Lobel X activeDra SEES Thosile of which die shoped structures on the si 106 5 striction is called ——-———— 232, Primary or aod lids of @ chromoso ; present es hols two chrome vimt centromere shown in Diga. 13. Ly 258 enor i nbs he poco ] 23%, Identify the types and Z (NEET 2021 & 22) a 8 y x Zz 8 D c A 235 chromosomes hove centromere in the middle Forming two equal arms. (NEET 2022 Rey 236 Acrocenvie chromosomes have centromere slghfly away from the middle forming one shorter arm gy ane long arm T/F (NET 2022, Re 2k) 2311 Telocentric chromosomes have centromere chromosome have centromere si very lng arms, (NET 2022, Re 2) 234, Few chromosomes have staning/non stoining secondary constriction af a constan¥/ variable leohen ind Forming one extremely shor an 240, Secondary constriction gives the appearance 24 Merebodes are not membrane-bound. T/E 242.3 examples of microbodies are - 243, Merobades are present in both plants and animals 2b4, Flaglla in prokaryotes is an extension of ______ 245 ler membrane of mlechonria ie relatively less permeable, as compared to chloroplast T/F (NEET 2004) : High BMR Bio Multiple Revision (3MR) No. of revisionps Pl Bs R machandran ’ rego the rip lea srt of 300d gen A “dae rough 4, Anton Von Leeuwenhoek «Ror Hecke 6 Rober? Brown ais ofthe allowed conformation of «use of Ramachandran plot J (Trick - B ke saath B nhi aata) 1 German botanis § British zoologist (Tri 4.1838 (0, 1834 {| Schwann IDF Schwann concluded this £B Schwann |b, Schleiden and Schwann (5. Rudolf Virchow (1855) 16. Rudolf Virchow (1855) M1. Cutoplasmn BF MLE 0. ae 2 Reugh ER, chloroplast & mitochondria & Rbesome and centrosome %.Cell division {= Schwann ellis in zology) 3110-20 [Lm + PROKARYOTIC CELLS 32. bacteria, BGA, mycoplasma and PPLO 33. F. prokaryotes mullipy mare rapidly 3t, bacils (rod lik), caccus (spherical, brio (comma shaped) and april (spire 35, Mycoplasma 36.T 31T 38. Plasmid DNA 34, Phenotypic characters 40, resistance +o antbiotics Ul, Plasmid DNA 2. Inclusions 43, Mesosome bb T 45, outermost glycecal, cel wall plasma membrane 46, Gram, Gram sve, Gram -ve 41 Slime layer 48. Capsule 44. Determines shape of the cell & provides @ strong structural support 50. T (NCERT line) 5}. vesicles, tubules and lamellae 52.() Cell wll formetion (id DNA repleation fo daughter els i 5.03 Um (i) DNA distribution 1635 bm respiration ; 21 Ostrich egg (,) Seerefion (i Increase surface area o B10 Lm the plasma membrane, (vid Increase 000.02 Lm ; anzynatccotert 00 Un 53, chromatophores pigments54, Filament, hook and basal body 55. Filament 56.T 57 Pil 58. Fimbriae STF 60.15 rm by 20 nm 61 50S and 30S 62 polyribosomes or polysome 63.7 64. Inclusion body 65.F 66.1 phosphate granules, 2. eyanaphycean granules, 3. glycogen granules 61 blue green purple and green photosynthetic bacteria 68 DigoG. | - A ~ RER, B ~ Nucleus, C ~ Nucleolus, D ~ Golgi opparatus, E — Nuclear envelope F = Plasma membrane, G~ Vacuole, H ~ Middle lomella,|~ Cell wall J - Mitochondrion, K = Ribosomes, L ~ Chloroplast, M ~ Cytoplasm. N ~ Peroxisome, O — Microtubule, P ~ Plosmodesmata, @ ~ SER. R — Lysosome [Link]. 2 - A ~ Microvill, B ~ Plasma membrane, C ~ Centriole, D ~ Perosiome, E ~ Lysosome, F = Ribosomes, Gi- Mitochondrion, H ~ RER, = Cyfoplacm, J ~ Nucleus, K ~ Nucleols, L - Nuclear envelope, M ~ SERN ~ Golgi apparatus 70.F TL Contriole + CELL MEMBRANE T2. Electron microscope 1B. Ipid and protein “Oh Th, outer 15, Phosphobpids 16. cholesterol TIF, they possess carbohydrate 18. 524, 40% 11 Ease of extraction, integral and peripherg| profeins 80.T 81. F. partially or totaly both 82. DigaQ. 3 - Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane: A ~ Sugar, 8 ~ Peripheral protein C= Phospholipid bilayer, D ~ Integral protein E - Cholesterol 83. Singer and Nicolson (1972) 84, Lateral movement of protein 85. Fluidity 86. (i) Cell growth, (i) formation of intercellular junctions, (ii) secretion, (iv) endocytosis, (v) cell dice 81. Movement of water by diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis 88.7 84. Na*/K* pump ° CELL WALL 490.T 41. () Give shape to cell, (i) protect cell from mechanical damage and infection, (ii) helps in cel interaction, (iv) provide barrier to undesirable macromolecules 92. Cellulose, galactans, mannans and minerals like CaC03 9. Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins and proteins WT 48. Inner9, Laur poeens- q1 Holds different neighbouring cells together 46, Cell wall and middle lamella, plasmodesmata . ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM at 100. Geli complex. ER, lysosomes and vacuoles {Trick - GERLV? 1OLT (02 Diga8. 4 - Endoplasmic reticulum: A ~ Nucleus, B- Nuclear pore, C - Rough endoplasmic reticulum, D ~ Ribosome, E - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 103, Luminal and extraluminal (0%, RER 105. SER 106. protein synthesis and secretion 107. Outer nuclear membrane (08. () Syrthesis of lpids & steroids (i) detoxification of drugs (04 Diga®. 5 - Golgi apparatus: X ~ Cisternae 110. Camilo Golgi (1848) IIL Disc, sacs or cisternae M205 [um - 1.0 [om 18, Parallel Ik. T U5. cis, convex 116. Maturing, trans IT IBF 19. Packaging, medification, transportation (20.F, both intra-cellular and outside targets l2l. Vesicles (22. Cis, trans 12h. F, membrane bound 125. packaging, golgi bodies (26, Hydrolytic 121 Acidic 128. F, it cam digest carbs proteins and fats as wi 124, Waller, sap, excretory product, other non-use material 130. Tonoplast 131, 90 132. Facilitates transport of a number of ions & other materials against cone. gradients into vac 133, T 184. Amoeba, excretion and osmoregulation 135, Protists * MITOCHONDRIA 136. Diga®. 6 - A - Outer membrane, B = Inn Membrane, C — Matrix, D — Inter-membrane § E - Crista 131, Janus green {given in NCERT Exemplar} 138. F 184, Sausage, 0.2-10 |m (average - 0.5 Ym) 1k0. LO - 4 [im IL. Mari 142. Cristae 143. Increase surface area Ib. T 145. T 1k6. F 14-1. single, circular 148. Fission + PLASTIDS (44, Euglencids Dart ' noel 150. FI5L. Chloroplast [Link] 152. DigaQ. 1 - Chloroplast: A — Outer membrane, B = Inner Membrane, C = Granum, D ~ Thylakoid E Stroma lamella, F ~ Stroma 153. Chlorophyll carotenoids 154. Fat, carotenoid, ex ~ carotene, xanthophyll 155. Chromoplasts 156. Colourless, store nutrients 157. Amyloplasts 158. Amyloplasts ~ store starch, Eloiplasts - storecils and fots, Aleuroplasts - store proteins (54. Mesophyl 160. Length (5-10 [im) and width (2-4 Ln) (61. lens-shoped, oval, spherical, discoid or even ribbon-lke 162, Chlamydomonas 163. 20-40 16h, Stroma 165. F, (andar security yada hot hai? (66. Grana 161. intergranal thylakoids 168. Stroma lamella 164. Lumen 170. F. carbohydrate and protein both ITF, dsDNA is present (72. circular 113. F, it ie present in thylakoids only Ih. 10s + RIBOSOME, CILIA & FLAGELLA 115, Diga. 8 - Ribosome: A - Large subunit B - Sinall subunit 16. George Palade (1953) IT]. Protein and RNA F104 178, Svedberg's unit, sedimentation . 114 Indirectly, density and size 180, 80S, 10S (50s, 30s (0s contain 16S FRNA 4 60. coy 235 and 5S rRNA) 182. 60s!40s (4s contain IBS rRNA 4 6 cnt, 285, 58s, Ss rRNA) 183, Cytoskeleton 184. microtubules, microfilaments & intermediate filaments 185. mechanical support, motility, maintenonce ef shape of the cell ; 186. Diga. 4 - A ~ Plasma membrane, B = Peripheral microtubules (doublets), C= Interdoublet bridge, D — Certral microtubule E = Radial spoke, F - Central sheath 181. Cilia and Flagella 188. small cars 184, cell movement (M0. F. different (91 F, covered with plasma membrane 12. Axoneme 193. F, microtubules not microfilaments 194. 18 (4 doublets), 2 (95. F, 442 as 4 pairs are located peripherally a2 microtubule in centre 16. Bridges, central sheath (97. Radial spoke 198.4 199, Linkers (Interdoublet bridge) 200. Centriole, basal bodies + CENTROSOME & CENTRIOLE 201, Diga@. 10 - P ~ Massule or pericentrielrHe UNIT OF LIFE sb: Eh comeclve R= Triple fbr case rod (hub). T= 4 opokes, U = Cary. s-be deo les mw oe pericentriolar materials wheel 108 om 2 Paper. carted WS 4940 sg Been fabln ant Fpl 1 Fey ae inked at 208 Hb rad spkes 1 Pekin ted of cia or flagella ond spindle fibres 20 1104 triplet) «NUCLEUS & MICROBODIES 23 bert Brow (83D) 18 Bas, romatin Flemming 28 Oromalin 16 Dia. I-A ~ Nucleoplasm, B ~ Nucleolus {= Nickar pore, D = Nuclear membrane 7110-50 nm, per-ruclear mer 1 the two nuclear membranes WO RNA and proteins 1 aac ond chromatin Sar tae Neo 15 7 2 ue ni is sme romitne poke & RNA ™ leactly 27) 230.1 = ay 23) Diga 2 VMramosame, Xm Kinelochore 232 Centromere binebochares 233 Centromere(, 234, Diga. 13 a Cc gen in new NCEPT} metacentric, B — telocentric, = sub-metacentric, D- acrocentric. ¥ — Satelite ¥ Secondary constriction 7 - Centromere 235, Metacentrie 236.F 237. terminal end 238. Aerocentric 234. Non-staning, constant 240. Satelite (chromosome no ~ 2, 22,13, Ik 15) 261 F 242, Perosisomes (fen - Photorespirakon, Sphaerosomes (lysosome ie), Glgoxysomes (gluconcogensi) 243.7 2k Cell wall 245. F MEME POINT