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04 Python Programming Notes

This document provides beginner notes on Python programming, covering basics such as variables, data types, and print output. It also includes control flow structures, function definitions, common data structures, and error handling techniques. Additionally, it highlights how to import modules and install third-party packages.

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2 views2 pages

04 Python Programming Notes

This document provides beginner notes on Python programming, covering basics such as variables, data types, and print output. It also includes control flow structures, function definitions, common data structures, and error handling techniques. Additionally, it highlights how to import modules and install third-party packages.

Uploaded by

vivaan.seal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Python Programming – Beginner Notes

Python Basics
Python is a high-level, interpreted, dynamically typed language known for its readability.
Variables: x = 5 | name = 'Alice' | pi = 3.14 | is_active = True
Data types: int, float, str, bool, list, tuple, dict, set, NoneType
Print output: print('Hello, World!') → Hello, World!
Comments: Use # for single-line comments and triple quotes for multi-line.
Python uses indentation (4 spaces) instead of braces to define code blocks.

Control Flow
if/elif/else: Conditional execution. Example: if x > 0: print('positive')
for loop: Iterates over a sequence. Example: for i in range(5): print(i)
while loop: Repeats while condition is True. Example: while x < 10: x += 1
break: Exits the loop immediately. continue: Skips to the next iteration.
List comprehension: [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0] → [0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

Functions
Define with def keyword: def greet(name): return f'Hello, {name}!'
Default arguments: def power(base, exp=2): return base ** exp
*args: Accepts any number of positional arguments as a tuple.
**kwargs: Accepts any number of keyword arguments as a dictionary.
Lambda functions: square = lambda x: x ** 2 → square(5) → 25
Docstrings: Triple-quoted strings placed right after the def line to document a function.

Common Data Structures


List: Ordered, mutable. my_list = [1, 2, 3]. Access: my_list[0]. Slice: my_list[1:3].
Tuple: Ordered, immutable. my_tuple = (1, 2, 3). Useful for fixed data.
Dictionary: Key-value pairs. my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}. Access: my_dict['name'].
Set: Unordered, unique items. my_set = {1, 2, 3}. Use for deduplication and membership
testing.
String methods: .upper(), .lower(), .split(), .strip(), .replace(), .join()
f-strings (Python 3.6+): f'Hello, {name}!' — preferred for string formatting.

Error Handling & Modules


try/except block: Catches and handles exceptions gracefully.
Example: try: x = int(input()) except ValueError: print('Not a number')
Common exceptions: ValueError, TypeError, IndexError, KeyError, FileNotFoundError
Import modules: import math | from os import path | import numpy as np
Standard library highlights: os, sys, math, datetime, random, json, re, collections
Install third-party packages: pip install package_name

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