Table of Contents

ONLINE LEARNING .............................................................................................................................. 2

STUDY ABROAD ..................................................................................................................................... 4
BEING FAMOUS ..................................................................................................................................... 5
HOMESCHOOLING ............................................................................................................................... 7
EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................... 9
ADVERTIZING ...................................................................................................................................... 11
PUBLIC TRANSPORT .......................................................................................................................... 13
MULTITASKING ................................................................................................................................... 15
PUBLIC SPACES ................................................................................................................................... 17
COUNTRYSIDE ..................................................................................................................................... 19
CITY ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
HEALTH.................................................................................................................................................. 21
ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................... 22
OVERPOPULATION ............................................................................................................................ 23
DEFORESTATION ................................................................................................................................ 24
JOB/WORK ............................................................................................................................................. 25
LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES ............................................................................................... 26
MEDIA ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
SMOKING ............................................................................................................................................... 28
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION VS VOCATIONAL TRAINING ........................................................ 30

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 ONLINE LEARNING
Learning online ~ online learning ~ learning on the Internet ~ learning on online platforms ~ e-learning ~
distance learning
ADVANTAGES
● Online learning is a convenient way of learning.
• have flexible learning hours
• learn at their convenience
• Take overseas courses
● Online learning is not only time-saving but also money-saving.
• save a great deal of time and transportation costs
• take low-cost or even free online courses
● E-learning allows a large number of online learners to attend a course.
•
easily accessible to a wide range of learners
DRAWBACKS
● Online learning can be harmful to people's health.
● It causes reduced face-to-face human interaction.
• have negative effects on learners' soft skills
● Students find it easy to get distracted from their study.
• get bad learning results
BÀI MẪU:
These days, with the ever-increasing use of technology, online learning plays an important part in education. It
is believed that this method of learning is very beneficial to students' learning process; however, many people
think that its drawbacks are various. This essay will shed light on both sides of this form of distance learning.
On the one hand, learning on the Internet is advantageous in several ways. First and foremost, online learning
is considered as a convenient way of learning. It enables learners to have flexible learning hours; as a result,
they can arrange time and place to study at their convenience. In addition, it is very easy for them to take
overseas courses which are instructed by excellent teachers in prestigious universities. The second merit is
that online learning is not only time-saving but also money-saving. Because of not having to travel to classes,
learners can save a great deal of time and transportation costs. Additionally, they can take low-cost or even free
online courses because there is no need to rent equipment or classrooms. Last but not least, e-learning allows
a large number of learners to attend a course. Online classes are easily accessible to a wide range of learners,

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
especially as they are not limited to the number of students like traditional classes.
On the other hand, there are numerous disadvantages of learning on online platforms. The first one is that
online learning can be harmful to people's health. When spending too much time going online, learners may
suffer from health problems such as obesity, shortsightedness, etc. Furthermore, it causes reduced face-to-face
human interaction. In fact, students have fewer opportunities to discuss topics with their classmates and teachers
directly, which has negative effects on their soft skills such as communication skills and teamwork skills. The
final demerit is that students might find it easy to get distracted from their study. Many of them tend to surf
other websites such as YouTube, Facebook, etc. while learning, which makes them not concentrate on study
and get bad learning results.
All in all, it is obvious that e-learning is both beneficial and negative in its own way. In my opinion, its plus
points far exceed its bad points. It is important that learners control the time they spend online in a proper way
to make use of its benefits

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 STUDY ABROAD
Studying abroad ~ studying in another country ~ studying/learning overseas
~ studying in a foreign country ~ taking overseas courses
ADVANTAGES
● Foreign educational institutions provide students with better courses.
● seek for better job opportunities
● contribute to a higher standard of living
● Students are able to develop and become more independent.
• become more mature and gain a lot of skills
• do everything on their own
● Qualifications gained abroad can open the door to better job opportunities.
● Students have more chances to widen their knowledge and relationship
• build more new friendships
• explore new destinations
DRAWBACKS
● Students have problems with paperwork such as visa applications.
● Living in a strange country results in homesickness and culture shock.
• feel lonely and depressed
• not concentrate on study
• be hard to adapt to a new culture
• leave negative effects on health
● Language barrier is another detrimental side of overseas life.
• have difficulty in communicating with foreigners
● Studying abroad costs a great deal of money.
• get a part-time job
• influence academic performance negatively
BÀI MẪU:
These days, there has been an increasing number of students who opt to study abroad. It is believed that studying
overseas offers students a life-changing opportunity; however, they have to face a variety of obstacles when
taking overseas courses. This essay will examine both sides of this tendency.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
On the one hand, studying abroad is beneficial to students in several ways. First and foremost, foreign
educational institutions provide students with better courses compared to those in their homeland. Obviously,
students are taught by excellent teachers from well-known universities, which allows them to acquire the best
skills. Besides, when obtaining an international qualification, students can seek for better job opportunities
which contribute to a higher standard of living in the future. Another benefit is that students are able to develop
independence. More specifically, living in another country requires students to do everything on their own such
as doing housework, managing time and money, etc. Therefore, they will become more mature and gain more
valuable skills. Last but not least, students have more chances to widen their knowledge and relationships. To
illustrate, they can build more new friendships and explore new destinations in a new country.
On the other hand, overseas students have to encounter plenty of challenges. One of the most obvious
drawbacks is that living alone in a strange country results in homesickness and culture shock. Living far away
from home might make students feel so lonely and depressed that they cannot concentrate on study. In addition,
they find it hard to adapt to a new culture, which leaves negative effects on their mental and physical health.
Language barrier is another detrimental side of overseas life. Mastering a foreign language is a challenging task;
therefore, many students have difficulty in communicating with foreigners. The final demerit is that studying
abroad costs a great deal of money. Because the high cost of living and expensive tuition fees in a foreign
country, many students have to get a part-time job after school to earn more money, which influences their
academic performance negatively.
All in all, it is clear that studying overseas has its own merits and demerits. Although drawbacks of learning
overseas are various, students should learn abroad to build a brighter future.

BEING FAMOUS
Being famous ~ becoming famous ~ becoming famous people ~ having fame
~ achieving fame~ achieving stardom ~ having reputation

ADVANTAGES
● Becoming famous allows people to earn a great deal of money.
• lead a better and more fulfilling life
● Well-known people get preferential treatment everywhere they go.
• have priority
● They have a large number of fans who have great admiration for them.
• get motivation and inspiration

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
• enjoy a great mental life
DRAWBACKS
● Celebrities have to face the lack life
• be followed by photographers
• be disturbed by phone and email
• feel stressed
● A busy schedule makes famous people unable to spend time with their family and friends.
• have negative effects on their relationship
• cope with loneliness and depression
BÀI MẪU:
These days, fame seems to be one of the most desirable things among people. Many people love to achieve
stardom in hope of having a life-transforming opportunity; however, fame brings people plenty of drawbacks.
This essay will shed light on both sides of being famous.
On the one hand, it is obvious that people benefit a lot from being well-known. Becoming famous allows them
to earn a great deal of money. To illustrate, celebrities like music stars and movie stars can afford luxurious
cars, fabulous houses, expensive clothes and etc., which leads to a better and more fulfilling life compared to
ordinary people. In the second place, well-known people get preferential treatment almost everywhere they
go. For example, celebrities are able to have priority such as getting special seats or preferred entry in public
places or events. The final merit is that they
have a large number of fans who have great admiration for them. As a result, they always get motivation and
inspiration, which helps them have a great mental life.
On the other hand, fame comes with various downsides. The most obvious drawback is that celebrities have
to face the lack of privacy in their life. They are often followed by photographers who·try to take photos of their
private moments. If they do something wrong, they will become the target of criticism. Additionally, they might
be disturbed by phone and email, which makes them feel stressed. Furthermore, a busy schedule makes famous
people unable to spend much time with their family and friends. Consequently, this has negative effects on their
relationship with others. Besides, they possibly cope with loneliness and depression.
All things considered, becoming celebrities has its own positive and negative aspects. From my point of view,
people may have to pay the high price for fame, so it is more enjoyable to lead a peaceful life as normal people.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 HOMESCHOOLING
Homeschooling ~ doing homeschooling ~ schooling at home~ education at home Homeschoolers ~
homeschooled students
BENEFITS
● Parents have complete control over the curriculum and schooling schedule of their children.
• make own decision on what to teach /how to educate children
● Homeschooling enables parents to establish strong bonds with their and children
• share great moments in life together
• not miss crucial developmental stages
● Parents can protect children from negative things they may encounter at school.
• be kept away from school violence and bullying
DRAWBACKS
● This form of schooling costs a great effort
• spend much time on materials and lesson preparation
• make a great effort to apply teaching methods that suit children
● Homeschooling has negative effects on children's socialization
• have a small circle of friends
• lack social interaction with others
• not enhance social skills and communication skills
● Education at home leads families to face financial problems.
• not earn much money
BÀI MẪU:
There is a growing trend that parents opt for homeschooling as a means of educating children. Homeschooling
is considered as an effective form of education; however, there are challenges that people have to deal with.
Discussed below are benefits and drawbacks of this trend.
On the one hand. homeschooling is beneficial in several ways. The most obvious merit is that parents have
complete control over the curriculum and schooling schedule of their children. For example, they can make
their own decision on not only what to teach but also how to adapt appropriate methods to educate children.
Also, children are given the freedom to learn what they are interested in; therefore, they will feel more engaged
in learning. In the second place, homeschooling enables parents to establish strong bonds with their children.
To illustrate, they can enjoy great moments in life together. Moreover, it is important that parents do not miss

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
crucial developmental stages of their children. Last but not least, parents can protect children from negative
things they may encounter at school. For example, homeschoolers are kept away from school violence and
bullying.
On the other hand. the disadvantages of homeschooling are undeniable. First and foremost, this form of
schooling costs a great deal of time and effort. For example, it requires parents to spend a lot of time on
materials and lessons preparation. Additionally, they have to make a great effort to apply teaching methods
that suit children best. The second disadvantage is that education at home leads families to face financial
problems. When doing homeschooling, moms or dads have to give up work, so they cannot earn much money.
The final drawback is that homeschooling has negative effects on children's socialization. Obviously,
homeschoolers have a small circle of friends and lack social interaction with others, especially those of the
same age. As a consequence, they do not have chances to enhance social skills and communication skills.
To summarize, education at home brings people both merits and demerits. It is advisable that parents take
homeschooling into account carefully to examine whether it is appropriate for their children's personality and
abilities or not.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Doing/participating in/taking part in/joining extracurricular activities ~
doing/participating in/taking part in/joining outdoor activities Extracurricular activities ~ outdoor activities ~
activities outside the classroom
BENEFITS
● Extracurricular activities promote students' self-exploration and development of talents.
• do what they take interest in
• boost confidence
• enhance other skills
• refresh mind after hard-studying hours
● Extracurricular activities enable students to improve social life and develop social skills.
• have a larger circle of friends
• build more new relationships
● Taking part in outdoor activities is beneficial to students' physical health.
• stay healthy and keep fit
DRAWBACKS
● Students consume a great deal of time to participate in outdoor activities.
• find it difficult to arrange time appropriately
• have harmful effects on mental health
• influence academic performance negatively
● These activities come along with money and plenty of extra expenses.
• spend extra money paying tuition fees and buying necessary equipment
BÀI MẪU:
Outside the standard framework of any educational curriculum, there are endless opportunities for students to
learn new skills and boost academic performance. Extracurricular activities such as sports teams, special-
interest clubs and art groups are a vital element for students' development. Besides gaining academic
knowledge, taking part in extracurricular activities plays an important role in students' personal development.
However, many people argue that students have to cope with several drawbacks when joining these activities.
My essay will examine both positive and negative aspects of them.
On the one hand, extracurricular activities create positive changes in students. First and foremost,
extracurricular activities promote students' self-exploration and development of talents. For example, they have

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
chances to do what they take interest in such as joining a music club or a sports team. This assists them in
boosting their confidence and enhancing other skills such as time management and problem-solving skills.
Additionally, doing these activities helps them refresh their mind after hard studying hours at school.
Furthermore, extracurricular activities enable students to improve social life and develop social skills. When
participating in team sports and
clubs, they have a larger circle of friends who share the same interest. As a result, they can build more new
relationships. Last but not least, taking part in outdoor activities is beneficial to students' physical health. To
be more specific, they are able to stay healthy and keep fit.
On the other hand, there are negative sides of doing outdoor activities. In the first place, students consume a
great deal of time to participate in outdoor activities. Students may find it difficult to arrange time for study and
these activities appropriately. Moreover, a tight schedule of activities leads to exhaustion. Therefore, spending
too much time on these activities may have harmful effects on their mental health and influence their academic
performance negatively. In addition, these activities come along with plenty of extra expenses. More
specifically, students are required to spend extra money on paying tuition fees and buying necessary equipment
like a musical instrument or dance shoes.
All in all, despite various drawbacks, activities outside the classroom are very essential for the comprehensive
development of students. Therefore, students should be encouraged to take part in these activities.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 ADVERTIZING
Advertising ~ advertisements ~ commercials ~ TV ads

BENEFITS
● Advertisements make people well- informed about different products and their comparative prices.
• make a comparison of the quality and price
• save a great deal of money
● Advertisements contribute to promoting the sales of products.
• Gain information about new product brands -> make a decision to buy -> make higher profits
DRAWBACKS
● It is likely for buyers to make a purchase of low-quality products
• inaccurate information about
• make consumers misunderstand the quality
● Advertisements make consumers confused.
• too many products and services
• difficult to select
● Advertising results in unnecessary things.
• buy items without considering their necessity
• cause a waste of money
BÀI MẪU: With the fast development of technology, advertising has become more prevalent in almost every
field of trade. Advertising plays an essential part in the marketing of products and services; however, it has
various negative effects. This essay will describe both benefits and drawbacks of advertising.
On the one hand, advertising is advantageous in several ways. To begin with, advertisements make people
well-informed about different products and their comparative prices. For instance, they are able to make a
comparison of the quality and price of one item at different stores. As a consequence, they can purchase the
best one at a reasonable price, which helps them save a great deal of money. What is more, advertisements
contribute to promoting the sales of products. Specifically, thanks to advertisements, people are able to gain
information about new product brands and they might make a decision to buy them. As a result, advertising
allows manufacturers and sellers to make higher profits.
On the other hand, there are numerous demerits of advertising. The major one is that it is likely for buyers to
make a purchase of low-quality goods. Advertisements might offer inaccurate information about products,

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
which makes consumers misunderstand their quality. Consequently, they may get goods which are different
from what is advertised. Moreover, advertisements might make consumers confused. As there are too many
products and services, buyers find it difficult to select those that meet their needs. The final drawback is that
advertising results in unnecessary purchase. For example, due to the attractiveness of advertisements, consumers
tend to buy items without considering their necessity, which causes a waste of money.
In summary, although advertising offers people various advantages, there are potential drawbacks that need
avoiding. Consumers should take information on advertisements into consideration carefully to purchase items
with the best quality.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Using public transport ~ going/travelling by public transport Public transport ~ public vehicles
BENEFITS
● Using public transport makes a great contribution to preserving the environment.
• If the utilization of public transport increased it means that there is a reduction in the consumption of fossil
fuel
• reduce air pollution and improve air quality
● It is a good way to reduce traffic reduces congestion during rush hours
• make travelling more convenient
● It is economical to travel by public people to vehicles
• save transportation costs
DRAWBACKS
● Public transport provides users with low-quality services.
• make people irritated
• pretty crowded at rush hours, so the atmosphere is breathless
● Travelers may face unsafe conditions.
• Some criminal activities on public buses or trains such as pickpockets steal money and possessions which is
still being reported
BÀI MẪU: In large cities, traffic-related problems such as air pollution and traffic jams become more serious.
While some people think that using public transport is an effective solution to the above problems, others argue
that it is inconvenient in some ways. My essay will shed light on both sides of this issue.
On the one hand, public transport brings users a variety of benefits. The first and foremost one is that using
public transport makes a great contribution to preserving the environment. To be more specific, when the
number of people using public transport is on the increase, the number of private vehicles on the road will
decrease. As a consequence, the quantity of toxic emissions released from vehicles will decline, which reduces
air pollution and improves air quality. This also helps people less suffer from health problems. In the second
place, it is a great way to reduce traffic congestion during rush hours. The declining use of private vehicles
leads traffic jams and road accidents to less occur, especially makes travelling become more convenient. In the
last place, it is economical to travel by public vehicles. Because bus or train tickets are very cheap, people can
save a lot of transportation costs.
On the other hand, there are several downsides of using public transport. To begin with, public transport
provides users with low-quality services. For instance, some buses are so old that sometimes the air conditioning

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
system does not work, which makes people feel irritated. The second weakness is that travelers may face
unsafety. For example, due to overcrowding on buses, criminals or pickpockets easily steal money and
possessions from them. Therefore, they may feel very worried and unsafe when going by public transport. The
final drawback is that public transport has an unreliable schedule. In crowded areas, public transport like buses
often does not arrive punctually, which makes people go to school or work late. Obviously, this influences their
study or work time negatively.
In summary, utilizing public transport has both pros and cons. However, its benefits far outweigh its
drawbacks. It is advisable that the government encourage people to use public transport more frequently to
decrease traffic-related problems.

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 MULTITASKING
At the same time~ simultaneously~ at a time Different tasks ~ many things/tasks ~ multiple tasks
BENEFITS
● It is a good way of increasing efficiency and productivity.
• complete multiple tasks or achieve different goals in less time
• save time => spend on doing different things
● Strengthens people's mind
• boost mental concentration
• people have a sense of achievement.
● It helps to improve flexibility
make own decision on how and when to complete each specific task
DRAWBACKS
● It leads to a decline in the quality work
• undertake different tasks
• make plenty of mistakes
• poor work quality
● It has negative effects on people's health.
• result in constant stress
• suffer from tiredness and exhaustion
BÀI MẪU: Multitasking is defined as the capacity to complete different things at the same time. Multitasking
is considered as a skill that benefits people a lot; however, there are obvious disadvantages they need to consider.
My essay will shed light on both positive and negative influences of multitasking.
On the one hand, multitasking is advantageous to people in many ways. First and foremost, it is a good way
of increasing efficiency and productivity. To illustrate, it enables a person to complete multiple tasks or achieve
different goals in less time, which leads to higher work efficiency. Additionally, people can save plenty of time
which can be spent on doing many other things. Furthermore, multitasking contributes to strengthening
people's mind. A person has to really stay focused on various tasks to get them done. As a result, it helps people
boost their mental concentration. Moreover,
as multitasking is often stressful and challenging, it makes people have a sense of achievement. Last but not
least, multitasking helps to improve flexibility. People who multitask become more flexible because they can
make their own decision on how and when to do each specific task in different cases.

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On the other hand, it is undeniable that multitasking has several shortcomings. In the first place, it leads to a
decline in the quality of work. Because when multitasking, people undertake different tasks simultaneously, it
is easy for them to make plenty of mistakes. Besides, a person taking multiple tasks might produce poorer work
quality than one doing one task. In addition, it has negative impacts on people's health. To make it clear,
concentrating on performing a lot of tasks at a time puts pressure on human brain and results in constant stress.
Aside from mental health issues, people may suffer from physical problems such as tiredness and exhaustion.
In summary, multitasking is both beneficial and detrimental in its own way. If people who multitask have a
good schedule to perform all tasks, they can take advantage of its positives and avoid its negatives.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 PUBLIC SPACES
City life ~ urban life ~ living in cities Cities ~ urban areas = Public spaces ~ open spaces in public
City residents~ urban residents/citizens~ citizens in cities~ people who live in cities
BENEFITS
● Public spaces have positive effects on health
•
Participate in different outdoor activities
• keep fit, stay healthy and prevent health problems
• escape from stress and depression
● Public spaces promote increased social interaction.
• meet up with friends/ communicate with more people
• build more new relationships
• develop a sense of community
• enhance social skills
● Public spaces assist people in improving their knowledge about nature.
• have contact with nature
• raise an awareness of the importance of nature and environmental protection
BÀI MẪU: Open spaces in public play a vital part in daily urban life. They are advantageous to city residents
in terms of their health, social interaction and knowledge about nature. Discussed below are three crucial roles
of public spaces in people'slife.
First and foremost, public spaces have positive impacts on people's health. To illustrate, green spaces like
parks offer people great places to participate in different outdoor activities such as going jogging, playing sports
and doing exercises. Doing these activities enables them to keep fit, stay healthy and prevents them from serious
health problems such as obesity, diabetes and heart attack. Moreover, when enjoying a green natural
environment, they can escape from the stress and depression of a busy city life, which improves their mental
well-being.
In the second place. public spaces promote increased social interaction. More specifically, open spaces offer
urban citizens plenty of chances to socialize with their friends and interact with more new people. As a result,
they can build more new friendships and broaden their social network. Additionally, high-quality public spaces
are considered as great venues for social events like festivals which bring people together and help them develop
a sense of community. Furthermore, they are capable of enhancing social skills, namely communication skills
and sharing.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
Last but not least, public spaces assist people in improving their knowledge about nature. Open spaces in
urban areas provide good opportunities for people to have contact with nature. For example, going to the zoo
helps people know more about habitats of animals such as birds, squirrels and so on. Moreover, they can raise
an awareness of the importance of nature and environmental protection.
In conclusion, public spaces are of great value to urban residents in terms of health, social interaction and
knowledge about nature. The government should invest more money in building more public spaces to create a
green living environment and improve their quality of life.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 COUNTRYSIDE
BENEFITS
● Bring a clean environment
• Lead a healthy life in such a pollution free
• There is no intense pollution with smoke, Carbon-Dioxide, Carbon-mono-oxide, Nitrous-Oxide
• be less prone to suffer diseases like asthma, bronchitis
● Get closer to nature
• be free to admire the breathtaking landscapes such as huge meadows, peaceful hills or forests.
● The cost of living is quite low
• may afford many other things
● lots of things to do there
• stargaze
• just unplug, recharge the battery and enjoy the leisurely pace of life
● people are more friendly and opener
DRAWBACKS
● there aren’t such interesting things to do during free time.
● Have poor quality of life
● Have lower income
● The unemployment rate is also much higher than in the city.

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
 CITY
BENEFITS
● City life is interesting
• Many kinds of entertainment such as art gallery, amusement park, botanical garden…
● More convenient
• Close to amenities such as hospital, supermarket…
• The innovative transportation and communication systems are better in any city compared to a village
● People move to cities in search of job opportunities or better education.
DRAWBACKS
● Life in cities can be extremely stressful.
● the city environment is heavily polluted
• hustle and bustle from early morning till midnight
● have to deal with traffic congestion
• people suffer from standstill traffic during rush hours.
● the cost of living in the city is more expensive
• Housing is usually much more expensive.
● Cities lack a sense of community
• People do not even know their neighbor
● more dangerous
• Many unemployed people commit crimes as a means to earn money.
• easily attracted by social evils such as drinking, drug…
REASONS FOR URBANIZATION/ MIGRATION TO BIG CITIES
● People move to cities in search of job opportunities or better education.
● Cities offer a higher standard of living.
● Entertainment facilities like the cinemas and amusement parks are often nearby.
● People move to cities from the countryside because traditional activities like farming need fewer
workers nowadays.

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 HEALTH
GOOD HABITS
● Cut down on everything sugary
● Eat a well-balanced, low fat diet with lots of fruit, vegetable…
● Eat less fast food, junk food
● Avoid the sedentary lifestyle
• Exercise burns calories and helps to build healthy bones and muscles.
● Have a regular health check
• Visit a doctor
BENEFITS
● Get into shape
● Be in good state of health
● Strengthen immune system
BAD HABITS
● Eat too much unhealthy food
● Lead a sedentary lifestyle
● Go without breakfast
PROBLEM
● Neglect their work or study
● Suffer from various healthy problem
• Cholesterol level in blood
• Sleep disturbance
• Diabetes

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 ENVIRONMENT
GOOD HABITS
● Reduce, reuse, recycle as much rubbish as
● Consume less energy
• Use public transport instead of driving in other to reduce carbon footprint
• Turn off the light when you leave a room
• Use renewable energy such as solar power, wind power…
● Government should introduce laws to limit emissions from factories
● Promote public campaigns
BENEFITS
● Protect environment in the longterm
● Conserve natural resources
● Reduce level of pollution
● Tackle some causes of global warming in advance it gets out of hand
DRAWBACKS
● Cause global warming and climate change
● Increase greenhouse gas emissions
● Exploit natural resources
● Wildlife habitat are being destroyed
• Burning fossil fuel
• Deforestation for agriculture
• Illegal logging
● Many species of animals and plants have come to extinction

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 OVERPOPULATION
EFFECT
It creates environmental pollution. Too many people live here, which means there is waste in daily
life as well as in factories and industries. Every day, people have to breathe toxic air, which can lead
to various diseases such as lung, heart attack, blood pressure, and even cancer.
The quality of life will decrease. Access to drinking water, food, schools for education, and hospitals
for healthcare will be reduced when a country is overpopulated. For instance, in hospitals, there are
not enough beds, and as a result, multiple patients have to share one bed.
It leads to various social problems such as traffic congestion, a high unemployment rate, and so on.
It is true that the unemployment rate is getting higher as there are fewer jobs to support a large
number of people. The rise in unemployment might also lead to increasing crimes such as theft as
people can not earn enough money to support themselves
SOLUTION
The government should implement strict rules and regulations to manage the problems of
overpopulation. Furthermore, the government promotes family planning and effective birth control
Schools should educate children about sex at the primary school level
Each individual should raise their awareness of the problems of overpopulation.

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 DEFORESTATION
CAUSE
The main cause related to deforestation is agriculture. The reason for this is that farmers chop down
trees to plant crops such as soybeans, palm trees and cocoa, and make room to raise livestock.
In addition, another undeniable cause is logging operations. They cut down countless trees to make
wood and paper products like toilet paper, printed paper, cardboard, and furniture.
Another factor that contributes to deforestation is growing urban sprawl. Due to the overpopulation,
land is developed for dwellings and there is an increase in demand for wood and paper products.
EFFECT
The first effect of deforestation is a significant contributor to climate change. In fact, forestry and
agriculture are responsible for 24% of the greenhouse gas emissions. Fewer forests mean a larger
amount of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere
Another result of deforestation is that many habitats of plants and animals are destroyed in the world.
Surprisingly, forests provide habitats for over 80% of the plants and animals that live on land. It is
shown that four to six thousand rainforest species go extinct each year.
Deforestation causes serious natural disasters, including soil erosion, reduced crop yields, flooding,
droughts, and pollution.

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 JOB/WORK
LIKE
● Have an environment to develop skill
● Have opportunities for promotion
● Co-workers are friendly and supportive
DISLIKE
● Poor working condition
● Too much work
• Have to work overtime with strict deadlines
• Less time for yourself and family
• Feel tired and overloaded
● Bad management

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 LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
BÀI MẪU: These days, learning a foreign language is of great importance to everyone because of international
business and study. Choosing the time to start learning a new language is a controversial topic. In my opinion,
it is essential for children to begin learning a foreign language at an early stage instead of at secondary
school for several reasons.
On the one hand, starting learning a foreign language early brings younger learners various merits. First of all,
younger children can memorize newly learned words and pick up pronunciation of the language better than
elderly ones. Several studies show that at a young age, learners can imitate things or acquire new things faster.
Moreover, they also feel less shy or self-conscious to speak the language; as a result, they can have more native-
like pronunciation.
On the other hand, the opponents might hold the view that foreign language learning at primary school can be
negative in several ways. In the first place, children have a busy timetable with other subjects such as their
mother tongue, science and art. Thus, learning a new language can be a burden on them. Moreover, many others
claim that the foreign language might interfere with the native language. However, learning a foreign language
at an early age is fun with fascinating games and activities. Besides, many statistics demonstrate that children
have very few problems learning a foreign language.
All things considered, the benefits of learning a foreign language outweigh its downsides. Therefore, children
should be encouraged to learn it at primary school.

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 MEDIA
the media ~ the mass media ~ TV, the Internet and the radio performance at school ~ academic performance ~
learning results
BENEFITS
● The mass media enable people to broaden their knowledge
• provide an unlimited source of information
•
educational and informative TV program
● They are great tools for way for children to relax entertainment
• watch comedy films/ exciting game shows
DRAWBACKS
● Using the mass media has negative impacts on people’s health
● The mass media contain content that is inappropriate to children
• Show violent and sexual images/ content
BÀI MẪU: It is obvious that there is an increasing use of the mass media such as TV, the Internet and the radio
among children. While I believe that the mass media offer children great advantages, I also argue that they are
negative for children in several ways. Therefore, children should be supervised while using the mass media.
On the one hand, children benefit a lot from using the mass media. To begin with, the mass media enable
children to broaden their knowledge. To illustrate, the Internet provides children with an unlimited source of
information about various fields. Moreover, watching numerous educational and informative TV programmes
benefits their study a lot. In addition, the mass media are great tools for entertainment. For example, children
can release stress after hard studying hours by watching comedies or exciting game shows on TV or the Internet.
On the other hand, the downsides of using the mass media are various. First and foremost, they have negative
impacts on children's health. Taking a lot of time to use the media makes kids suffer from health problems like
shortsightedness, obesity and exhaustion. Furthermore, the mass media contain the content that is
inappropriate to children. For example, some websites or programmes show violent and sexual images or
content, which leads them to imitate negative behaviors and learn negative things. Last but not least, the media
influence children's academic performance badly. To be more specific, spending a great deal of time on the
mass media makes children become addicted to using them and distract children from their study. As a result,
they get bad learning results.
To summarize, the mass media have two-sided effects. Despite some shortcomings, they make children's life
become more convenient than ever before. Parents had better limit the time children spend on the mass media
so that children can make use of their benefits.

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 SMOKING
smoking ~ smoke
smokers ~ people who smoke >< non-smokers
banned ~ prohibited ~ not allowed
REASON
● Smoking has negative impacts on people's health
• increase the risk of various health for smokers
• result in negative effects on passive smokers
● Smoking is extremely harmful to the environment
• litter the land
• cause water pollution and harm marine life
• lead to air pollution
● Smokers set a bad example for children to follow.
• imitate a wrong action
• lead an unhealthy lifestyle
BÀI MẪU: These days the number of smokers is on the increase although smoking is believed to do harm to
both smokers and non-smokers. I support the idea that smoking should be prohibited publicly due to some
following reasons.
First and foremost, smoking has negative impacts on people's health. As cigarettes contain a lot of toxic
elements and chemicals, it increases the risk of various health problems such as lung diseases, lung cancer, heart
disease and even leads to death. Furthermore, smoking results in negative impacts on passive smokers. For
example, people especially children and pregnant women who are nearby smokers can get some diseases easily
when breathing secondhand smoke. Moreover, being close to smokers makes most people feel uncomfortable
and annoyed.
The second reason is that smoking is extremely harmful to the environment. Smokers tend to litter the land
by throwing their cigarettes on the ground everywhere they go. In addition, cigarette butts which are released
into water cause water pollution and harm marine life. Moreover, tobacco smoke is so toxic and polluted that it
leads to air
pollution.
The final reason is that smokers set a bad example for children to follow. When they see an adult smoke, they

Các quý đọc giả, trung tâm nếu sử dụng tài liệu vui lòng ghi nguồn và không sử dụng vào mục đích thương mại.
tend to imitate this wrong action very quickly because they cannot know whether it is wrong or right. Besides,
some teenagers learn to smoke in order to express their coolness. As a result, they lead an unhealthy lifestyle.
In conclusion, there is an urgent need to prevent smoking in public places because of its negative impacts on
smokers, their surrounding people and the environment. It is advisable that people quit smoking to have a good
health, keep the environment clean and enhance the quality of life

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 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION VS VOCATIONAL
TRAINING
Going to university ~ attending university ~ pursuing higher education/ tertiary education
University education ~ tertiary education
Going to vocational schools ~ taking vocational courses ~ vocational training
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
● Students seek for a well- paid occupation
• obtain a bachelor' degree
• become excellent experts
• reach high-ranking positions
● University education benefits society a lot.
•
work in fields requiring the high level of skills and academic understanding
• boost the development knowledge-based
VOCATIONAL TRAINING
● Students are equipped with job- related skills.
• gain technical skills and practical experience.
• get a job easily and perform specific tasks better
● Vocational training reduces time and financial burden on students
• Take 2 years to complete a vocational course
● Vocational schools provide skilled and qualified workers for society
•
A higher demand for manual workers
• economic development
BÀI MẪU: Whether high school students should opt_for academic study or vocational training has become
a controversial issue. While I suppose that pursuing university education offers students huge
advantages, I also believe that vocational training is beneficial to students and the society in several
ways.
On the one hand. there are some certain reasons why university education is significant for students. To begin
with, students are able to seek for a well-paid occupation. It is because most highest-paying jobs requires
applicants to obtain at least one bachelor's degree. In addition, higher education provides students with in-
depth knowledge and skills about their major. As a result, they can become excellent experts in their field and

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reach high-ranking positions in big companies or organizations. In other words, university education
contributes to enhancing their career prospects in the future. Last but not least, university education benefits
the society a lot. University graduates are capable of working in fields requiring the high level of skills and
academic understanding such as lawyers and doctors, which boosts the development
of knowledge-based economy.
On the other hand. vocational training brings individuals and the society plenty of benefits. First and
foremost, students are equipped with job-related skills. For example, vocational training courses enable them
to gain technical skills and practical experience. Consequently, they find it easy to get a job and perform
specific tasks better when joining the labor market. Furthermore, vocational training reduces time and
financial burden on students. For example, in Vietnam, it only takes students 2 years to complete a vocational
course instead of a 4-year university course. Finally, vocational schools provide skilled and qualified workers
for the society. It is obvious that nowadays the economic development requires a higher demand for manual
workers.
All things considered, the merits that tertiary education and vocational training offer students are apparent.
Students need take this matter into consideration carefully to choose a study path which suits their ability
and interest

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