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IIA-63

EXAMPLE II.A-6 BEAM END COPED AT THE TOP FLANGE ONLY

Given:

For an ASTM A992 W2162 beam coped 8 in. deep by 9 in. long at the top flange only, assuming a 2 in. setback
(e = 9½ in.) and using an ASTM A572 Grade 50 plate for the stiffeners and doubler:

A. Calculate the available strength of the beam end, as shown in Figure II.A-6-1(a), considering the limit states
of flexural yielding, flexural local buckling, shear yielding and shear rupture.

B. Choose an alternate ASTM A992 W21 shape to eliminate the need for stiffening for the following end
reactions:

RD = 23 kips
RL = 67 kips

C. Determine the size of doubler plate needed to reinforce the W2162, as shown in Figure II.A-6-1(c), for the
given end reaction in Solution B.

D. Determine the size of longitudinal stiffeners needed to stiffen the W21, as shown in Figure II.A-6-1(d), for
the given end reaction in Solution B.

Assume the shear connection is welded to the beam web.

Fig. II.A-6-1. Connection geometry for Example II.A-6.

Solution A:

From AISC Manual Tables 2-4 and 2-5, the material properties are as follows:

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IIA-64

Beam
W2162
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi

Plate
ASTM A572 Grade 50
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi

From AISC Manual Table 1-1 the geometric properties are as follows:

Beam
W2162
d = 21.0 in.
tw = 0.400 in.
bf = 8.24 in.
tf = 0.615 in.

Coped Beam Strength

The beam is assumed to be braced at the end of the uncoped section. Such bracing can be provided by a bracing
member or by a slab or other suitable means.

Flexural Local Buckling of Beam Web

The limit state of flexural yielding and local web buckling of the coped beam web are checked using AISC Manual
Part 9 as follows.

ho  d  d c (from AISC Manual Figure 9-2)

 21.0 in.  8.00 in.
 13.0 in.

c 9.00 in.

d 21.0 in.
 0.429

c 9.00 in.

ho 13.0 in.
 0.692

c
Because  1.0, the buckling adjustment factor, f, is calculated as:
d

c
f  2  (Manual Eq. 9-14a)
d 
 2  0.429 
 0.858

c
Because  1.0, the plate buckling coefficient, k, is calculated as:
ho

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IIA-65

1.65
h 
k  2.2  o  (Manual Eq. 9-13a)
 c 
1.65
 13.0 in. 
 2.2  
 9.00 in. 
 4.04

The modified plate buckling coefficient, k1, is calculated as:

k1  fk  1.61 (Manual Eq. 9-10)

  0.858  4.04   1.61
 3.47

The plastic section modulus, Znet, is determined from Table IV-11 (included in Part IV of this document):

Z net  32.2 in.3

The plastic moment capacity, Mp, is:

M p  Fy Z net


  50 ksi  32.2 in.3 
 1, 610 kip-in.

The elastic section modulus, Snet, is determined from AISC Manual Table 9-2:

Snet  17.8 in.3

The flexural yield moment, My, is:

M y  Fy S net


  50 ksi  17.8 in.3 
 890 kip-in.

ho
 (Manual Eq. 9-11)
tw
13.0 in.

0.400 in.
 32.5

k1 E
 p  0.475 (Manual Eq. 9-12)
Fy

 3.47  29, 000 ksi 

 0.475
50 ksi
 21.3

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IIA-66

2 p  2  21.3 
 42.6

Because p <   2p, the nominal flexural strength is:

  
M n  M p   M p  M y    1 (Manual Eq. 9-7)
 p 
 32.5 
 1, 610 kip-in.  1, 610 kip-in.  890 kip-in.   1
 21.3 
 1, 230 kip-in.

The nominal strength of the coped section is:

Mn
Rn 
e
1, 230 kip-in.

9.50 in.
 129 kips

The available strength of the coped section is:

LRFD ASD
  0.90   1.67

Rn  0.90 129 kips  Rn 129 kips


 116 kips  1.67
 77.2 kips

Shear Strength of Beam Web

From AISC Specification Section J4.2(a), the available shear yielding strength of the beam web is determined as
follows:

Agv   d  d c  tw
  21.0 in.  8.00 in. 0.400 in.
 5.20 in.2

Rn  0.60 Fy Agv (Spec. Eq. J4-3)


 0.60  50 ksi  5.20 in.2

 156 kips

LRFD ASD
  1.00   1.50

Rn  1.00 156 kips  Rn 156 kips


 156 kips  1.50
 104 kips

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IIA-67

From AISC Specification Section J4.2(b), the available shear rupture strength of the beam web is determined as
follows. Because the connection is welded to the beam web there is no reduction for bolt holes, therefore:

Anv  Agv
 5.20 in.2

Rn  0.60 Fu Anv (Spec. Eq. J4-4)


 0.60  65 ksi  5.20 in. 2

 203 kips

LRFD ASD
  0.75   2.00

Rn  0.75  203 kips  Rn 203 kips


 152 kips  2.00
 102 kips

Thus, the available strength of the beam is controlled by the coped section.

LRFD ASD
Rn  116 kips  Rn
 77.2 kips


Solution B:

From ASCE/SEI 7, Chapter 2, the required strength is:

LRFD ASD
Ru  1.2  23 kips   1.6  67 kips  Ra  23 kips  67 kips
 135 kips  90.0 kips

Try a W2173.

From AISC Manual Table 2-4, the material properties are as follows:

Beam
W2173
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi

From AISC Manual Table 1-1 the geometric properties are as follows:

Beam
W2173
d = 21.2 in.
tw = 0.455 in.
bf = 8.30 in.
tf = 0.740 in.

Flexural Local Buckling of Beam Web

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IIA-68

The limit state of flexural yielding and local web buckling of the coped beam web are checked using AISC Manual
Part 9 as follows.

ho  d  d c (from AISC Manual Figure 9-2)

 21.2 in.  8.00 in.
 13.2 in.

c 9.00 in.

d 21.2 in.
 0.425

c 9.00 in.

ho 13.2 in.
 0.682

c
Because  1.0, the buckling adjustment factor, f, is calculated as:
d

c
f  2  (Manual Eq. 9-14a)
d 
 2  0.425 
 0.850

c
Because  1.0, the plate buckling coefficient, k, is calculated as:
ho
1.65
h 
k  2.2  o  (Manual Eq. 9-13a)
 c 
1.65
 13.2 in. 
 2.2  
 9.00 in. 
 4.14

The modified plate buckling coefficient, k1, is calculated as:

k1  fk  1.61 (Manual Eq. 9-10)

  0.850  4.14   1.61
 3.52

The plastic section modulus, Znet, is determined from Table IV-11 (included in Part IV of this document):

Z net  37.6 in.3

The plastic moment capacity, Mp, is:

M p  Fy Z net


  50 ksi  37.6 in.3 
 1,880 kip-in.

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IIA-69

The elastic section modulus, Snet, is determined from AISC Manual Table 9-2:

Snet  21.0 in.3

The flexural yield moment, My, is:

M y  Fy S net


  50 ksi  21.0 in.3 
 1, 050 kip-in.

ho
 (Manual Eq. 9-11)
tw
13.2 in.

0.455 in.
 29.0

k1 E
 p  0.475 (Manual Eq. 9-11)
Fy

 3.52  29, 000 ksi 

 0.475
50 ksi
 21.5

2 p  2  21.5 
 43.0

Since p <   2p, the nominal flexural strength is:

  
M n  M p   M p  M y    1 (Manual Eq. 9-7)
 p 
 29.0 
 1,880 kip-in.  1,880 kip-in.  1, 050 kip-in.   1
 21.5 
 1,590 kip-in.

The nominal strength of the coped section is:

Mn
Rn 
e
1,590 kip-in.

9.50 in.
 167 kips

The available strength of the coped section is:

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IIA-70

LRFD ASD
  0.90   1.67

Rn  0.90 167 kips  Rn 167 kips


 150 kips  1.67
 100 kips

Shear Strength of Beam Web

From AISC Specification Section J4.2(a), the available shear yielding strength of the beam web is determined as
follows:

Agv   d  d c  tw
  21.2 in.  8.00 in. 0.455 in.
 6.01 in.2

Rn  0.60 Fy Agv (Spec. Eq. J4-3)


 0.60  50 ksi  6.01 in.2

 180 kips

LRFD ASD
  1.00   1.50

Rn  1.00 180 kips  Rn 180 kips


 180 kips  1.50
 120 kips

From AISC Specification Section J4.2(b), the available shear rupture strength of the beam web is determined as
follows. Because the connection is welded to the beam web, there is no reduction for bolt holes, therefore:

Anv  Agv
 6.01 in.2

Rn  0.60 Fu Anv (Spec. Eq. J4-4)


 0.60  65 ksi  6.01 in.2 
 234 kips

LRFD ASD
  0.75   2.00

Rn  0.75  234 kips  Rn 234 kips


 176 kips  2.00
 117 kips

Thus, the available strength is controlled by the coped section, therefore the available strength of the beam is:

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IIA-71

LRFD ASD
Rn  150 kips  135kips o.k.  Rn
 100 kips  90.0 kips o.k.


Solution C:

Doubler Plate Design

The doubler plate is designed using AISC Manual Part 9. An ASTM A572 Grade 50 plate is recommended in order
to match the beam yield strength. A 4-in. minimum plate thickness will be used in order to allow the use of a x-in.
fillet weld. The depth of the plate will be set so that a compact b/t ratio from AISC Specification Table B4.1b will
be satisfied. This is a conservative criterion that will allow local buckling of the doubler to be neglected.

dp E
 1.12
tp Fy

Solving for dp:

E
d p  1.12t p
Fy
29, 000 ksi
 1.12  0.250 in.
50 ksi
 6.74 in.

A 6.50 in. doubler plate will be used.

Using principles of mechanics, the elastic section modulus, Snet, and plastic section modulus, Znet, are calculated
neglecting the fillets and assuming the doubler plate is placed 2-in. down from the top of the cope.

S net  25.5 in.3

Z net  44.8 in.3

The plastic bending moment, Mp, of the reinforced section is:

M p  Fy Z net


  50 ksi  44.8 in.3 
 2, 240 kip-in.

The flexural yield moment, My, of the reinforced section is:

M y  Fy S net


  50 ksi  25.5 in.3 
 1, 280 kip-in.

Because p <   2p for the unreinforced section, the nominal flexural strength is:

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  
M n  M p   M p  M y    1 (Manual Eq. 9-7)
 p 
 32.5 
 2, 240 kip-in.   2, 240 kip-in.  1, 280 kip-in.   1
 21.3 
 1, 740 kip-in.

The available strength of the coped section is determined as follows:

Mn
Rn 
e
1, 740 kip-in.

9.50 in.
 183 kips

LRFD ASD
  0.90   1.67

Rn  0.90 183 kips  Rn 183 kips


 165 kips  1.67
 110 kips

Shear Strength of Beam Web

From AISC Specification Section J4.2(a), the available shear yielding strength of the beam web reinforced with the
doubler plate is determined as follows:

Agv  web   d  dc  tw
  21.0 in.  8.00 in. 0.400 in.
 5.20 in.2

Agv  plate  d p t p
  6.50 in.4 in.
 1.63 in.2

Rn  0.60 Fy Agv  web  0.60 Fy Agv  plate (from Spec. Eq. J4-3)

  
 0.60  50 ksi  5.20 in.2  0.60  50 ksi  1.63 in.2 
 205 kips

LRFD ASD
  1.00   1.50

Rn  1.00  205 kips  Rn 205 kips


 205 kips  1.50
 137 kips

From AISC Specification Section J4.2(b), the available shear rupture strength of the beam web reinforced with the
doubler plate is determined as follows. Because the connection is welded, there is no reduction for bolt holes,
therefore:

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IIA-73

Anv  web  Agv  web

 5.20 in.2

Anv  plate  Agv  plate

 1.63 in.2

Rn  0.60 Fu Anv  web  0.60 Fu Anv  plate (from Spec. Eq. J4-4)

  
 0.60  65 ksi  5.20 in.2  0.60  65 ksi  1.63 in.2 
 266 kips

LRFD ASD
  0.75   2.00

Rn  0.75  266 kips  Rn 266 kips


 200 kips  2.00
 133 kips

Thus, the available strength of the beam is controlled by the coped section.

LRFD ASD
Rn  165 kips  135kips o.k.  Rn
 110 kips  90.0 kips o.k.


Weld Design

Determine the length of weld required to transfer the force into and out of the doubler plate. From Solution A, the
available strength of the beam web is:

LRFD ASD
Rn  116 kips Rn
 77.2 kips


The available strength of the beam web reinforced with the doubler plate is:

LRFD ASD
Rn  165 kips Rn
 110 kips


The force in the doubler plate is determined as follows:

LRFD ASD
  0.90   1.67

 116 kips   77.2 kips 

Fd  0.90  50 ksi 4 in. 6.50 in.    50 ksi 4 in. 6.50 in.  
 165 kips  Fd   110 kips 
 51.4 kips 1.67
 34.1 kips

From AISC Specification Section J2.4, the doubler plate weld is designed as follows:

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IIA-74

Rn  0.85 Rnwl  1.5 Rnwt (Spec. Eq. J2-6b)

LRFD ASD
From AISC Manual Equation 8-2a: From AISC Manual Equation 8-2b:

Rnw  1.392 Dl Rnw  0.928 Dl

From AISC Specification Equation J2-6b: From AISC Specification Equation J2-6b:

 2 welds  0.851.392 kips/in.   2 welds  0.85 0.928 kips/in. 

51.4 kips    34.1 kips   
  3 sixteenths  lw    3 sixteenths  lw 
1.51.392 kips/in. 3 sixteenths   1.5  0.928 kips/in. 3 sixteenths  
   
  6.50 in.    6.50 in. 

Solving for lw: Solving for lw:

lw = 1.50 in. lw = 1.47 in..

Use 1.50 in. of x-in. fillet weld, minimum.

The doubler plate must extend at least dc beyond the cope. Use a PL4 in. 62 in. 1ft 5 in. with x-in. welds all
around.

Solution D:

Longitudinal Stiffener Design

Try PL4 in.4 in. slotted to fit over the beam web.

Determine Zx for the stiffened section:

Aw   d  d c  t f  tw
  21.0 in.  8.00 in.  0.615 in. 0.400 in.
 4.95 in.2

Af  b f t f
  8.24 in. 0.615 in.
 5.07 in.2

Arp  b p t p
  4.00 in.4 in.
 1.00 in.2

At  Aw  A f  Arp
 4.95 in.2  5.07 in.2  1.00 in.2
 11.0 in.2

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IIA-75

The location of the plastic neutral axis (neglecting fillets) from the inside of the flange is:

 0.615 in.8.24 in.  y p  0.400 in.  4 in. 4.00 in.  12.4 in.  y p   0.400 in.

y p  1.12 in.

From elementary mechanics, the section properties are as follows:

Zx = 44.3 in.3
Ix = 253 in.4
Sxc = 28.6 in.3
Sxt = 57.7 in.3

hc  2 13.0 in.  4.39 in.

 17.2 in.

hp  2 13.0 in.  1.12 in.  0.615 in.

 22.5 in.

Compact section properties for the longitudinal stiffener and the web are determined from AISC Specification Table
B4.1b, Cases 11 and 16.

E
 p  0.38 (Spec. Table B4.1b, Case 11)
Fy
29, 000 ksi
 0.38
50 ksi
 9.15

b

t
 4.00 in. 2 

4 in.
 8.00

Because    p , the stiffener is compact in flexure.

E
 r  5.70 (Spec. Table B4.1b, Case 16)
Fy
29, 000 ksi
 5.70
50 ksi
 137

hc

tw
17.2 in.

0.400 in.
 43.0

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Because    r , the web is not slender, therefore AISC Specification Section F4 applies.

Determine if lateral-torsional buckling is a design consideration.

hc tw
aw  (Spec. Eq. F4-12)
b fc t fc
17.2 in. 0.400 in.

 4.00 in.4 in.
 6.88

b fc
rt  (Spec. Eq. F4-11)
 1 
12 1  aw 
 6 
4.00 in.

 1 
12 1   6.88 
 6 
 0.788 in.

E
L p  1.1rt (Spec. Eq. F4-7)
Fy
29, 000 ksi
 1.1 0.788 in.
50 ksi
 20.9 in.

The stiffener will not reach a length of 20.9 in. Lateral-torsional buckling is not a design consideration.

Determine if the web of the singly-symmetric shape is compact. AISC Specification Table B4.1b, Case 16, applies.

hc E
hp Fy E
p  2
 5.70
 Mp  Fy
 0.54  0.09 
 M y 
 17.2 in. 29, 000 ksi
22.5 in. 50 ksi 29, 000 ksi
 2
 5.70
  2, 220 kip-in.   50 ksi
0.54    0.09 
  1, 430 kip-in.  
 32.9  137
 32.9

hc

tw
17.2 in.
 
0.400 in.
 43.0

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IIA-77

Because    p , the web is non-compact, therefore AISC Specification Section F4 applies.

Since Sxt > Sxc, tension flange yielding does not govern. Determine flexural strength based on compression flange
yielding.

M yc  S xc Fy

 
 28.6 in.3  50 ksi 
 1, 430 kip-in.

4 in. 4.00 in.3

I yc 
12
4
 1.33 in.

 0.615 in.8.24 in.3 12.4 in. 0.400 in.3

I y  1.33 in.4  
12 12
4
 30.1 in.

I yc 1.33 in.4

Iy 30.1 in.4
 0.0442

I yc
Since < 0.23, Rpc = 1.0. Thus:
Iy

M n  R pc M yc
 1.0 1, 430 kip-in.
 1, 430 kip-in.

The nominal strength of the reinforced section is:

Mn
Rn 
e
1, 430 kip-in.

9.50 in.
 151 kips

LRFD ASD
  0.90   1.67

Rn  0.90 151 kips  Rn 151 kips


 136 kips  135 kips o.k.  1.67
 90.4 kips  90.0 kips o.k.

Plate Dimensions

Since the longitudinal stiffening must extend at least dc beyond the cope, use PL4 in.4 in.1 ft 5 in. with 4-in.
welds.

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IIA-78

Weld Strength

By calculations not shown, the moment of inertia of the reinforced section and distance from the centroid to the
bottom of the reinforcement plate are:

I net  253 in.4

y  8.61 in.

The first moment of the reinforcement plate is:

Q  Ap y
 4 in. 4.00 in. 8.61 in.  0.5 4 in. 
 8.74 in.3

where Ap is the area of the reinforcement plate and y is the distance from the centroid of the reinforced section to the
centroid of the reinforcement plate.

From mechanics of materials and shear flow, the force per length that the weld must resist in the area of the cope is:

LRFD ASD
Vu Q Va Q
ru  ra 
I net  2 welds  I net  2 welds 
135 kips   8.74 in.3   90.0 kips  8.74 in.3 
 
 253 in.4   2 welds   253 in.4   2 welds 
 2.33 kip/in.  1.55 kip/in.

From mechanics of materials, the force per length that the weld must resist to transfer the force in the reinforcement
plate to the beam web is:

LRFD ASD
Vu eQ Va eQ
ru  ra 
I net  2 welds  l  c  I net  2 welds  l  c 
135 kips  9.50 in.  8.74 in.3   90.0 kips  9.50 in. 8.74 in.3 
 
 253 in.4   2 welds 17.0 in.  9.00 in.  253 in.4   2 welds 17.0 in.  9.00 in.
 2.77 kip/in. controls  1.85 kip/in. controls

The weld capacity from AISC Manual Part 8:

LRFD ASD
rn  1.392 kip/in. D (from Manual Eq. 8-2a) rn
  0.928 kip/in. D (from Manual Eq. 8-2b)
 1.392 kip/in. 4 sixteenths  
  0.928 kip/in. 4 sixteenths 
 5.57 kip/in.  2.77 kip/in. o.k.
 3.71 kip/in.  1.85 kip/in. o.k.

Determine if the web has adequate shear rupture capacity:

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IIA-79

LRFD ASD
  0.75   2.00

rn  0.60 Fu Anv (from Spec. Eq. J4-4) rn 0.60 Fu Anv

 (from Spec. Eq. J4-4)
0.75  0.60  65 ksi  0.400 in.  
=
2 welds 0.60  65 ksi  0.400 in.
=
 5.85 kip/in.  2.77 kip/in. o.k. 2.00  2 welds 
 5.85 kip/in.  1.85 kip/in. o.k.

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IIA-80

EXAMPLE II.A-7 BEAM END COPED AT THE TOP AND BOTTOM FLANGES

Given:

Determine the available strength for an ASTM A992 W1640 coped 32 in. deep by 92 in. wide at the top flange
and 2 in. deep by 92 in. wide at the bottom flange, as shown in Figure II.A-7-1, considering the limit states of
flexural yielding and local buckling. Assume a 2-in. setback from the face of the support to the end of the beam.

Fig. II.A-7-1. Connection geometry for Example II.A-7.

Solution:

From AISC Manual Table 2-4, the material properties are as follows:

Beam
W1640
ASTM A992
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi

From AISC Manual Table 1-1 and AISC Manual Figure 9-3, the geometric properties are as follows:

Beam
W1640
d = 16.0 in.
tw = 0.305 in.
tf = 0.505 in.
bf = 7.00 in.
ct = 92in.
dct = 32 in.
cb = 92 in.
dcb = 2 in.
e = 92 in. + 2 in.
= 10.0 in.
ho = d – dct – dcb
= 16.0 in. - 32 in. – 2 in.
= 10.5 in.

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IIA-81

For a beam that is coped at both flanges, the local flexural strength is determined in accordance with AISC
Specification Section F11.

Available Strength at Coped Section

The cope at the tension side of the beam is equal to the cope length at the compression side. From AISC Manual
Part 9, Lb = ct and dct is the depth of the cope at the top flange.

  L   d 
Cb  3  ln  b   1  ct   1.84 (Manual Eq. 9-15)
  d   d 
  92 in.    32 in. 
 3  ln    1    1.84
  16.0 in.   16.0 in. 
 1.94  1.84

Use Cb = 1.84.

The available strength of the coped section is determined using AISC Specification Section F11, with d = ho = 10.5
in. and unbraced length Lb = ct = 92 in.

Lb d  92 in.10.5 in.

t 2
 0.305 in.2
 1, 070

0.08 E 0.08  29, 000 ksi 


Fy 50 ksi
 46.4

1.9 E 1.9  29, 000 ksi 


Fy 50 ksi
 1,100

0.08E Lb d 1.9 E
Since  2  , the limit state of lateral-torsional buckling applies. The nominal flexural strength of
Fy t Fy
the coped portion of the web is determined using AISC Specification Section F11.2(b).

Determine the net elastic and plastic section moduli:

tw ho 2
S net 
6
 0.305 in.10.5 in.2

6
3
 5.60 in.

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IIA-82

tw ho 2
Z net 
4
 0.305 in.10.5 in.2

4
3
 8.41 in.

M y  Fy S net


  50 ksi  5.60 in.3 
 280 kip-in.

M p  Fy Z net


  50 ksi  8.41 in.3 
 421 kip-in.

  L d  Fy 
M n  Cb 1.52  0.274  b2   M y  M p (Spec. Eq. F11-2)
  t  E
  50 ksi  
 1.84 1.52  0.274 1, 070      280 kip-in.  421 kip-in.
  29, 000 ksi  
 523 kip-in.  421 kip-in.

The nominal moment capacity of the reduced section is 421 kip-in. The nominal strength of the coped section is:

Mn
Rn 
e
421 kip-in.

10.0 in.
 42.1 kips

The available strength at the coped end is:

LRFD ASD
b  0.90 b  1.67

b Rn  0.90  42.1 kips  Rn 42.1 kips


 37.9 kips b 1.67
 25.2 kips

Design Examples V15.0

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