High Rise Buildings
(CE-591)
Worked Example: Wall-Frame System
Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe,
Structural Laboratory,
The Faculty of Engineering,
University of Peradeniya.
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 1
Worked Example
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 2
Problem Setting
Wind load
Data:- Wall-Frame system, n = 35, h = 3.5 m, H = 122.5 m, Six frames (Frame(1) – 4 and
Frame(2) - 2) and one core system
Wind load:- Uniformly distributed area load = 1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 3
Problem Setting
The theory and graphs developed in the preceding section provide a practical method for
the preliminary analysis of Wall-Frame system
They should be used only for structures that don’t twist and they are accurate only for
structures with uniform properties over height
Need to find: top deflection, maximum story drift, shear forces and bending moments in
the core and frame systems for the given uniformly distributed wind load (1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 )
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 4
Analogical System
First, develop analogical system for the Include one
given system core system
𝑤
Include 6
frame systems
Uniformly distributed
frame system
wall system
Equivalent
Equivalent
line load (kN/m)
Wind load
Real system Pin ended
rigid links
• Uniformly distributed line load (𝑘𝑁/𝑚) = 60 × 1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑤 = 90 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 Analogical system
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 5
Steps for Solution
Step 1:- Determine parameter 𝛼𝐻 for the system
Total GA (Shear rigidities)of the system
Total EI (Flexural rigidities)of the system
Total height of the system
• 𝐸𝐼 𝑡 - Only one core system;
𝑬 of core system
• 𝐺𝐴 𝑡 - Six frame systems (Frame(1) – 4 and Frame(2) - 2);
𝐺𝐴 𝑡 = 4 × 𝐺𝐴 (𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 01) + 2 × 𝐺𝐴 (𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 02)
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 6
Steps for Solution
𝐼𝑔
# 𝐺𝐴 for Frame type 01: 𝐺𝑖 =
𝐿 𝑖
12𝐸
𝐺𝐴 𝑖 = → (𝐺𝐴 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦)
1 1
ℎ + 𝐼𝑐
𝐺𝑖 𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑖 =
Two interior ℎ 𝑖
columns
Three
girders/beams Two exterior
columns
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 7
Steps for Solution
# 𝐺𝐴 for Frame type 02:
Then,
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 8
Steps for Solution
• Evaluate parameter αH ;
Step 2:- Determine horizontal displacement at the top (Using graphs)
Constant Need to find
for system from the graph
𝑧 𝑧
0≤ ≤1 𝛼𝐻 = 1.83 =1
𝐻 𝐻
𝐾1
𝐾1 = 0.44
𝑦 𝐻 = 0.178 𝑚 𝐾1 factor-Uniformly distributed load
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 9
Steps for Solution
Step 3:- Determine maximum storey drift index (Using graphs)
𝛼𝐻 = 1.83
Constant for
system
𝛼𝐻 = 1.83
𝑧
𝐾2 (𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 0.41 = 0.55
𝐻 𝐾2
𝑑𝑦
𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0018 𝑜𝑟 1ൗ555
𝑑𝑧 𝐾2 factor-Uniformly distributed load
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 10
Steps for Solution
Step 4:- Determine bending moment in the wall and frame (Using graphs)
• 𝑀𝑏 𝑧 : −
Total moment carried
by the walls
Constant Need to find
for system from the graph
𝑧
𝛼𝐻 = 1.83 𝑧 = 29.75 𝑚 = 0.243
𝐻
𝐾3 = 0.25 𝐾3
Here, only one core,
𝐾3 factor-Uniformly distributed load
For a structure consisting of multiple walls, the moment in any individual wall is then obtained by distributing
the total wall moment between the walls in proportion to their flexural rigidities
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 11
Steps for Solution
• 𝑀𝑠 𝑧 : −
Total moment carried Total moment carried
by the frames by the walls
External total moment
The moment in the individual frames is obtained by distributing the total frame moment between the frames
in proportion to their shearing rigidities
Moment in frame Type 01, Moment in frame Type 02,
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 12
Steps for Solution
Step 4:- Determine shear forces in the wall and frame (Using graphs)
• 𝑄𝑏 𝑧 : −
Total shear force
carried by the walls
Constant Need to find
for system from the graph
𝑧
𝛼𝐻 = 1.83 𝑧 = 61.25 𝑚 = 0.5
𝐻
𝐾4 = 0.27 𝐾4
Here, only one core,
𝐾4 factor-Uniformly distributed load
For a structure consisting of multiple walls, the shear force in any individual wall is then obtained by
distributing the total wall shear force between the walls in proportion to their flexural rigidities
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 13
Steps for Solution
• 𝑄𝑏 𝑧 : −
Total shear force Total shear force
carried by the frames carried by the walls
External total shear force
The shear force in the individual frames is obtained by distributing the total frame shear force between the
frames in proportion to their shearing rigidities
Moment in frame Type 01, Moment in frame Type 02,
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 14
Solution
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 15
Design Exercise
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Design Problem Setting
(c) Shear forces, bending moments, displacements, and story drift of the core and frame
using the approximated analysis, under the given triangularly distributed wind load
(1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ) at each floor level (graphs of each parameter should be produced); see Figure 2
for wind load.
Same type two
1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 core systems
Same type five 𝑏
frame systems
Wind load
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 17
Design Problem Setting
Don’t use graphs, use Equations in Excel sheet
Loading type:- Triangularly distributed wind load
Here, 𝑤1 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝
= 1.5 × 𝑏 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
• Deflection:
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 18
Design Problem Setting
• Drift index:
• Walls moment:
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Design Problem Setting
• Frame moment:
Total moment carried Total moment carried
by the frames by the walls
𝐻
𝑄𝑒
External total moment
𝑀𝑒 𝑧
𝑍
This part need to change
𝑌
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 20
Design Problem Setting
• Wall shear force:
• Frame shear force:
Total shear force Total shear force
carried by the frames carried by the walls
𝐻
𝑄𝑒
𝑀𝑒 𝑧
External total shear force 𝑍
This part need to change 𝑌
CE 591 - Design of High-Rise Buildings - Dr. J. A. S. C. Jayasinghe 21
Graphs to Develop
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 • Walls –total
𝐻 • Total deflection 𝐻 • Total drift index 𝐻 • Frames – totals
of the system of the system
• External – total
Deflection Drift index Moment
𝑧 • Only one frame 𝑧 • Walls –total 𝑧 • Only one frame
𝐻 system 𝐻 • Frames – totals 𝐻 system
• Only one core • Only one core
• External – total
system system
Moment Shear force Shear force
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