Arrays and String
Arrays
• Agenda for the day
• What?
• Syntax of array
• Types of array
• How to access element of array
• Using index value
• Using Loop statements
What is Array ?
• Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single
variable, instead of declaring separate variables for
each value.
• To declare an array, define the variable type, specify the
name of the array followed by square brackets []and
specify the number of elements it should store:
Syntax
• C++ Array Declaration
dataType arrayName[arraySize];
For example,
int x[6];//declaration of array
Here,
• int - type of element to be stored
• x - name of the array
• 6 - size of the array
C++ Array Definition:
x[0]=0;
x[1]=1;
x[2]=2;….. x[5]=5;
Need to know about arrays:
Few Things to Remember:
•The array indices start with 0. Meaning x[0] is the first element stored at index 0.
•If the size of an array is n, the last element is stored at index (n-1). In this example, x[5] is the last
element.
Another method to initialize array during declaration:
// declare and initialize an array
int x[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9, 15};
Here, we have not mentioned the size of the array. In such cases, the compiler automatically computes
the size.
• x[6]={1,2,3}
Types of array
• One diamensional • Two/Multi dimensional
Array Array
It declare all element Array will have rows
in 1 row formate and column formate
int test[2][2] = {
int x[6] = {19, 10, 8, {2, 4},
17, 9, 15}; {9, 0}
};
access Elements of Array using
Array index
access Elements of Array using
for loop statement
Example of two dimensional Array
Practical Practice on Array
[Link] one dimensional array for 10 value and
replace 5th value with “200”
[Link] 2*2 matrix using two dimensional array
using user input
String in C++
A string is a collection of characters. There
are two types of strings commonly used in
C++ :
Character style string : • String class
C-style strings are created Strings are used for storing
with the char type instead text/characters.
of String.
A string variable contains a
create char type array of collection of characters
characters to make a "string" surrounded by double
in C. quotes:
Char str[20]=”Hello” String str=“Hello”
Cout<<str; Cout<<Str;
Example using C style String
User input C style string
Example using String class
Example string user input
Some operations on C style
string
• strchr(str1, 'W’); Searching for a Character
• strstr(str2, "fun"); Searching for a Substring
• strncat(str3, str1, 5); // String Concatenation
with Limited Characters
• strncpy(str3, str2, 10); // String Copy with
Limited Characters
String Class Functions
The common functions that are used with the string class are.
Practical based on String
• [Link] String using C style String ”Welcome to C++
Program
Perform Following Operations:
[Link] total length of String
[Link] welcome from string
[Link] ”Btech” in existing string
• [Link] string using string class (user input ) and
perform following function
[Link] length
[Link] into another string variable i.e. str2
Thank You