Center of Gravity & Moment of
Inertia
Prof. Shrikrishna Gosavi
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 1
Centroid
• The point at which entire area of
the plane lamina is supposed to be
acting (irrespective of the position
of the plane) is known as centroid
or center of area of the lamina
• In case of plane areas (bodies with
negligible thickness) such as a
triangle quadrilateral, circle etc.,
the total area is assumed to be
concentrated at a single point and
such a single point is called centroid
of the plane area. 2
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi
Center of Gravity
• The point at which
whole weight of the
plane lamina is
supposed to be acting
(irrespective of the
position of the plane)
is known as center of
Gravity or center of
volume of the lamina
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi
3
Centroid of Standard Figures
Name Figure Area X՟ Y՟
Rectangle X d bxd b/2 d/2
Y
b
Triangle ½xbx b/3 h/3
h X
h
Y
b
Circle πR2 R R
X
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Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi
Name Figure Area X՟ Y՟
Isosceles ½xbxh b/2 h/3
Triangle h
X
Semi Circle πR2/2 R 4R/3π
X
Y
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 5
Centroid of Composite Figures
Y
Consider a composite area. Let
Xi A1, A2 , …… , Ai be the area of
Ai
any elemental portion acting at
X2 A2 a point (x1,y1), (x2,y2),…..(xi,yi)
A1
X1
Y1 Total Area is ‘A’ = A1 + A2 + A3 +………+ Ai
Y2 Yi
X
Let X & Y be the centroid of composite figure
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Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi
Moment of Inertia
1. Moment of inertia - Second moment of area is called as the area moment of
inertia. Unit of M.I is m4 or cm4 or mm4
2. Polar Moment of inertia - Moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to
the plane of an area is known as Polar Moment of Inertia.
3. Radius of gyration - Radius of gyration is a mathematical term defined by
the relation
where:- k is radius of gyration
I is moment of inertia
A is cross sectional area.
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 7
Theorems of Moment of Inertia
Perpendicular axis theorem:-
It States that, if Ixx & Iyy be the moment of inertia about two mutually
perpendicular axes x-x & y-y in the plane of the section then the
moment of inertia about axis z-z perpendicular to the plane &
passing through intersection is given by,
Z
Izz = Ixx + Iyy
Proof:-
Consider a section of area ‘A’
90°
lies in X-Y plane as shown in 90°
figure. Let X, Y & Z are three 90° X
mutually perpendicular axes. Y
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 8
Contd.
Z
Let ‘A’ be the total
Y dA
area. Consider an
A elemental strip as
X
shown in figure of
r
Y area ‘dA’.
O X, Y & r is the
X
distance of the
centroid of the CG of
M.I of the strip @ X axis = Y2 dA
elemental strip from
M.I of the strip @ Y axis = X2 dA X, Y & Z axes
respectively.
M.I of the strip @ Z axis = r2 dA
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 9
Contd.
M.I of the whole body @ X axis = IXX = ʃ Y2 dA
M.I of the whole body @ Y axis = IYY = ʃ X2 dA
M.I of the whole body @ Z axis = IZZ = ʃ r2 dA
IXX + IYY = ʃ Y dA + ʃ X dA
Z
2 2
IXX + IYY = ʃ (Y2 + X2) dA
Y
From the geometry of the figure X
r2 = X2 + Y2 r
IXX + IYY = ʃ r2 dA
Y
O
IXX + IYY = IZZ
X
Hence Proved Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 10
Parallel axis theorem
Moment of inertia about any axis in the plane of an area is equal
to the sum of moment of inertia about a parallel centroidal axis
and the product of area and square of the distance between two
IAB = IGG + Ah2
parallel axes.
A
dA
Consider a plane lamina of area ‘A’
G Y G as shown in figure. Axis G-G is
passing through the centroid of the
h lamina. Let A-B be the parallel axis
A B at distance of ‘h’ from axis G-G.
Consider an elemental strip of area ‘dA’ whose centroid is at a
distance of ‘Y’ from axis G-G.
M.I of strip @ G-G axis = Y2 dA
M.I of strip @ A-B axis = (h + Y)2 dA
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 11
Contd.
M.I of lamina @ A-B axis (IAB) = ʃ(h + Y)2 dA
M.I of lamina @ G-G axis (IGG) = ʃ Y2 dA ……[1]
IAB = ʃ(h + Y)2 dA
IAB = ʃ (h2 + 2hY + Y2) dA
0
IAB = ʃ h2 dA + ʃ 2hY dA + ʃ Y2 dA
IAB = ʃ h2 dA + ʃ 2hY dA + ʃ Y2 dA
IAB = ʃ h2 dA + ʃ Y2 dA
IAB = h2 ʃ dA + IGG ……… From [1]
IAB = h2A + IGG
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 12
IAB = IGG + Ah 2
Find the moment of inertia of the Tee section of flange 120 x
20 mm & web 20 x 100 mm. Also find radius of gyration about
X, Y & Z axis.
120 mm
Figure is symmetric @ Y-axis
1
+ 20 mm
100 mm
Y1
+
Y2
2
20 mm
A1 = 120 × 20 = 2400 mm2
A2 = 100 × 20 = 2000 mm2
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 17
Contd.
60 mm
+
G (X՟, Y՟) = ( 60 mm, 82.72
mm)
+ 82.72 mm
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 18
THANK YOU
Prof. Shrikrishna A. Gosavi 24
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