SPRAYS
DEFINITION
A spray is a dynamic collection of drops dispersed in a gas. The process of forming
a spray is known as atomization.
Sprays me defined as aqueous or oleaginous solution in the form of coarse
droplets or as a finely divided solid to be applied topically most usually to the
nasal pharyngeal or to the skin.
➢EXAMPLE
Medicinal atomizer which are employed for issuance of a medicated solution to
the patient the form of droplets
SPRAY NOZZLE
A spray nozzle is the device used to generate a spray.
USES
The two main uses of sprays are
to distribute material over a cross-section and
to generate liquid surface area.
There are thousands of applications in which sprays allow material to be used most
efficiently. The spray characteristics required must be understood in order to select
the most appropriate technology, optimal device and size.
PARTICLE SIZE
The guidelines and voluntary regulations define aerosol particles of diameter ≦10
μm as "fine particles"; this size fraction is limited to less than 0.6% in aerosols. It is
thought that the fine particles can reach alveolar region, and then causing lung
injury
Sprays paint (he geometric mean aerodynamic diameters of aerosols collected
during the base coat operations ranged from 20 to 40 microns. The standard
deviations varied from 2 to 3 microns.
COLOR CODES FOR DROPLET SIZE
SPRAYS VS AEROSOLS
SPRAYS AEROSOLS
• A fine, gentle, dispersed mist of • A liquid or solid composed of finely
liquid. divided particles suspended in a
• Non-aerosols Work With the Aid of gaseous medium.
Hand Pump Pressure. • Aerosols Work With the Aid of
Propellant Gases.
TYPES OF SPRAYS
Very coarse (>500 micron)
Coarse spray (400 microon ----500 micron )
Medium spray (250 micro ---400 micron)
Fine spray (100---250 micron )
Mist (50 ----- 100 micron)
Aerosole ( 0,1 micro ---5 micron )
TYPES OF ALLERGIC SPRAYS
Decongestant Sprays
Antihistamine Sprays
Steroid Nasal Sprays
Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom)
Ipratropium Nasal (Atrovent Nasal)
DECONGESTANT SPRAYS
Decongestant sprays shrink swollen blood vessels and
tissues in your nose that cause congestion.
Oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin, Dristan, Sinex)
and phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine)
are some examples of these medicines. You can buy
them over the counter.
Don’t use decongestant nasal sprays longer than three
days. Using them longer can actually make your nose
more stopped up. Ask your doctor before using them if
you have glaucoma or high blood pressure that’s not
under control.
ANTIHISTAMINE SPRAYS
Antihistamine sprays relieve congestion, itchy
and runny nose, and sneezing. They are available
by prescription and include azelastine
(Astelin, Astepro) and olopatadine (Patanase).
They usually cause less drowsiness than
antihistamine pills, but they still may make some
people sleepy.
STEROID NASAL SPRAYS
These sprays work very well to reduce congestion, sneezing, and itchy, watery
eyes. They also help stop a drippy nose. They're often the first drug recommended for
allergies, but it takes about a week before you’ll notice your symptoms getting better.
➢EXAMPLES
beclomethasone (Beconase, Qnasl), ciclesonide (Zetonna), fluticasone furoate
(Veramyst), and mometasone (Nasonex). Three medications can be purchased over
the counter -- budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief), and
triamcinolone (Nasacort Allergy 24HR).
➢SIDE EFFECTS
Side Effects can include headache, sore throat, nosebleed, or cough.
CROMOLYN SODIUM (NASAL CROM)
This nasal spray prevents your body from releasing
histamines, chemicals that cause allergy symptoms like runny
nose and sneezing. It can also help a stuffy nose. Some people
see results in only 30 minutes. For it to work best, you need to
start using it one to two weeks before allergy season starts and
then use it one or more times every day. It doesn’t work as well
as steroid nasal sprays.
You can buy NasalCrom as a nasal spray at the drugstore.
➢PRECAUTIONS
Cromolyn sodium is safe for most people. Ask your doctor before
using it if you have wheezing from asthma or sinus pain. Side
effects can include sneezing and nasal burning.
IPRATROPIUM NASAL
(ATROVENT NASAL)
This prescription nasal spray treats a runny
nose by stopping the production of mucus. It
doesn’t relieve congestion or sneezing very
well.
If you have glaucoma or an enlarged
prostate, you may not be able to
use Atrovent. Side effects can include
headache, nosebleeds, sore throat, or nasal
irritation.