INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 3724

Second edition
2007-08-15

Hydraulic fluid power — Filter

elements — Determination of resistance
to flow fatigue using particulate
contaminant
Transmissions hydrauliques — Éléments filtrants — Détermination
de la résistance à la fatigue due au débit en utilisant un contaminant
particulaire
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ISO 3724:2007
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Reference number
ISO 3724:2007(E)

© ISO 2007
ISO 3724:2007(E)

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 ISO 3724:2007(E)

Contents Page

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4 Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams .............................................................................................. 2
5 Test apparatus ...................................................................................................................................... 2
6 Accuracy of measurements and test conditions............................................................................... 4
7 Test procedure ...................................................................................................................................... 5
8 Criteria for acceptance ......................................................................................................................... 6
9 Data presentation.................................................................................................................................. 6
10 Identification statement (reference to this International Standard) ................................................ 6
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Annex A (informative) Data from round robin tests performed to verify the ISO 3724 procedure ............ 8

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Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

ISO 3724:2007
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ISO 3724:2007(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 3724 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 6,
Contamination control.
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3724:1976), which has been technically revised.
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ISO 3724:2007
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 ISO 3724:2007(E)

Introduction
In hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within an
enclosed circuit. The fluid is both a lubricant and a power-transmitting medium. Filters maintain fluid
cleanliness by removing insoluble contaminants. The filter element is a porous device that performs the actual
process of filtration.

The effectiveness of the filter element in controlling contaminants is dependent upon its design and its
sensitivity to any unsteady operating conditions that can stress and cause damage to the filter element.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3724:2007(E)

Hydraulic fluid power — Filter elements — Determination

of resistance to flow fatigue using particulate contaminant

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining the resistance of a hydraulic filter element to
flow fatigue after it has been loaded with particulate contaminant and subjected to a uniform varying flow rate
and predetermined maximum element differential pressure.

It establishes a uniform method for verifying the ability of a filter element to withstand the flexing caused by
cyclic differential pressures induced by a variable flow rate.

NOTE Annex A summarizes data from a round robin test performed to verify the procedure specified in this
International Standard.

2 Normative references
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The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3724:2007
[Link]
ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 1:
d4c0d9cac9f7/iso-3724-2007
Graphic symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications

ISO 1219-2, Fluid power systems and components — Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 2: Circuit
diagrams

ISO 29411), Hydraulic fluid power — Filter elements — Verification of collapse/burst pressure rating

ISO 2942, Hydraulic fluid power — Filter elements — Verification of fabrication integrity and determination of
the first bubble point

ISO 2943, Hydraulic fluid power — Filter elements — Verification of material compatibility with fluids

ISO 55982), Fluid power systems and components — Vocabulary

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 2941:1974)

2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 5598:1985)

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ISO 3724:2007(E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5598 and the following apply.

3.1
filter element resistance to flow fatigue
ability of a filter element to resist structural failure due to flexing caused by cyclic system flow rate conditions

3.2
maximum assembly differential pressure
∆pA
sum of the housing differential pressure and the maximum element differential pressure

3.3
housing differential pressure
∆pH
differential pressure of the filter housing without an element

3.4
maximum element differential pressure
∆pE
maximum differential pressure across the filter element designated by the manufacturer as the limit of useful
performance

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Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams
Graphic symbols used in this International([Link])
Standard are in accordance with ISO 1219-1 and circuit diagrams
in accordance with ISO 1219-2.
ISO 3724:2007
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5 Test apparatus d4c0d9cac9f7/iso-3724-2007

5.1 Pressure-sensing and recording instruments, with a frequency response capable of measuring the
full pressure-versus-time curve (see Figure 1).

5.2 Flow fatigue cycle test stand, capable of varying the test flow rate from 0 l/min up to the rated flow
rate (see Figures 1 and 2).

5.3 Test filter housing, capable of ensuring that the fluid cannot bypass the filter element. The filter shall
be capable of being modified to suit this purpose.

5.4 Test fluid, with a viscosity between 14 mm2/s and 32 mm2/s at the test temperature. The compatibility
of the fluid and filter element material shall be verified in accordance with ISO 2943. Any fluid that is
compatible with the filter element material may be used.

5.5 Cycle counting device, capable of recording the number of flow fatigue cycles.

5.6 Inert particulate contaminant, not able to add strength to the filter element, used to load the filter
element being evaluated.

NOTE Test dust according to ISO 12103-1 is suitable.

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 ISO 3724:2007(E)

Key
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X time (s) ([Link])
Y pressure (kPa)
ISO 3724:2007
1 actual test pressure (kPa)
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2 one test cycle, T d4c0d9cac9f7/iso-3724-2007

pL lower test pressure; pL u 10 % pU

pU upper test pressure; tolerance on pU is ± 10 %
TR rise time; TR = (15 ± 5) %T
T1 time at pressure; T1 = (35 ± 5) %T
TF fall time; TF = (15 ± 5) %T
T2 time without pressure; T2 = (35 ± 5) %T

Figure 1 — Flow fatigue cycle test waveform

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ISO 3724:2007(E)

Key
1 contaminant injection iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
2 system pump
3 alternative point of contaminant injection
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4 cycling valve ISO 3724:2007
5 temperature sensor [Link]
6 filter under test d4c0d9cac9f7/iso-3724-2007
7 differential pressure transducer
8 relief valve
9 flow meter
10 heat exchanger
NOTE The circuit in this figure is simplified and includes only the basic components needed for conducting the test
specified in this International Standard. Other components or additional circuitry (e.g. clean-up filter loop) can be used.

Figure 2 — Typical filter element in flow fatigue cycle test stand circuit

6 Accuracy of measurements and test conditions

Instruments used to measure test parameters shall provide a reading accuracy in accordance with Table 1.
Test conditions shall be maintained within the tolerances specified in Table 1.

Table 1 — Instrument accuracy and allowed test condition variation

Instrument accuracy —
Test condition SI unit Allowed test condition variation
Tolerance on reading

Flow rate l/min ±2% ± 10 %

Differential pressure kPa ±2% ± 10 %
Temperature °C ± 1 °C ± 3 °C
Cycle rate Hz — ± 10 %

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 ISO 3724:2007(E)

7 Test procedure
7.1 Subject the filter element under test to a fabrication integrity test in accordance with ISO 2942.

7.2 Disqualify from further testing any element that fails to pass the criteria specified in ISO 2942.

7.3 Install the test filter housing in the flow fatigue cycle test stand (see 5.2 and Figure 2).

7.4 Plot the curve of housing differential pressure (∆pH) versus flow rate (q). Determine the test filter
housing differential pressure from at least 25 % up to 100 % of the rated flow rate at the test temperature
selected. Record the results in the test report (see Table 2).

7.5 Install the filter element in the test filter housing.

7.6 Calculate and plot the maximum assembly differential pressure (∆pA) curve, corresponding to the
predetermined maximum element differential pressure (∆pE) plus the housing differential pressure (∆pH), at
the same flow rates as those given in 7.4. Record the results in the test report (see Table 2).

7.7 Add the test contaminant until the maximum assembly differential pressure (∆pA) is reached.

NOTE 1 The filter element will need more contaminant in order for the maximum element differential pressure to be
reached at 25 % of the rated flow rate. However, because the filter element can experience particle desorption due to the
variation in flow rate, it is suggested that initial contaminant be injected at the minimum or intermediate flow rate (that is
25 % or other percentage of rated flow rate) until the maximum assembly differential pressure is reached. This approach
can minimize the total amount of contaminant used throughout the test, as the differential pressure can be maintained by
increasing the flow rate instead of adding more contaminant.
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If it is advantageous to start flow ([Link])
fatigue cycling while loading the filter element to the maximum assembly
differential pressure, ensure that the cycle counting device is reset to zero before proceeding to 7.8.

Initially, contaminant should be added in a uniform ISO 3724:2007

manner. For incremental injections, a mass of 5 % of the
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estimated filter element contaminant capacity per injection is recommended. Adjustments to the quantities of
contaminant added and time intervals between d4c0d9cac9f7/iso-3724-2007
injections may be required.

NOTE 2 The test can be interrupted and restarted as necessary. If the test is interrupted, additions of contaminant will
most likely be required to regain the maximum assembly differential pressure.

7.8 Begin the flow fatigue cycle test. Each flow fatigue cycle shall consist of varying the flow rate through
the filter element from 0 l/min to a flow rate between 25 % and 100 % of the rated flow rate and then back to
0 l/min, while maintaining the differential pressure-versus-time trace specified in Figure 1. The frequency of
the test cycle rate shall be selected from the range 0,2 Hz to 1 Hz (inclusive) and shall remain constant within
the tolerances given in Table 1 throughout the test.

A relief valve may be used (see Figure 2) and adjusted as necessary to limit peak pressure to the maximum
assembly differential pressure within a tolerance of ± 10 %, as specified in the waveform shown in Figure 1.
Contaminant may also be added periodically during the test to maintain differential pressure.

7.9 Monitor and control the assembly differential pressure by reducing or increasing the flow rate, as
needed, between 25 % and 100 % of the rated flow rate.

7.10 Subject the filter element to the required number of flow fatigue cycles.

7.11 Obtain and present a typical differential pressure-versus-time trace for at least one cycle (see Figure 1).

7.12 Subject the filter element to a collapse/burst test in accordance with ISO 2941, with the exception that
the bubble point test before the collapse/burst test is not required.

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