DATA COMMUNICATION
Data Coding
Instructor:
Engr. Rose Anne L. Reano
PUP Sto. Tomas
Data Coding
A data code is a standardized relationship
between signaling elements and characters.
It is also called character sets or character codes.
Data Coding
Data communication codes generally uses three
types of characters:
1. Data Link Control Characters
2. Graphic Control Characters
3. Alphanumeric Characters
Data Coding
1. Data Link Control Characters – facilitate the
orderly flow of data
2. Graphic Control Characters – arrange the
presentation of data at the receiving terminal
3. Alphanumeric Characters – represent the
data itself
Data Coding
1. Baudot Code
2. ASCII Code
3. EBCDIC Code
1. Baudot Code
1. Baudot Code
Baudot code is a five-bit (five-level) code
invented by Emile Baudot in 1874, and still used
today in telex and radioteletype services.
1. Baudot Code
It has been designated as International
Telegraph Alphabet number two (ITA2) by the
International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee (CCITT).
1. Baudot Code
1. Baudot Code
1. Baudot Code
•
1. Baudot Code
LTRS and FIGS act like the shift key on a
typewriter to shift between letters and figures.
1. Baudot Code
FIGS Character set includes control characters.
LTRS Character set includes uppercase letters.
1. Baudot Code
1. Baudot Code
1. Baudot Code
• A problem with Baudot is that an error is
interpreted as numerical until the next LTRS
character occurs.
1. Baudot Code
• To reduce this problem, most modern systems
use a technique called unshift-on-space
(USOS), in which the receiver switches back to
LTRS whenever a space character is received,
so that an error can cause at most one word to
be garbled.
1. Baudot Code
• Table shows the most significant bit (MSB)
first, using standard binary notation, but the
code is actually transmitted with the least
significant bit (LSB), bit 1, first.
1. Baudot Code
• WRU stands for “Who are you?” and is used
to request the identity of the other station.
• BEL rings the bell on a teleprinter or beeps the
speaker in a computer.
1. Baudot Code
Example
• Determine the hex codes for the following
Baudot codes: C, J, 4, and /.
1. Baudot Code
Answer (Based from the Table)
Binary Hex code
C 01110 0E
J 11010 1A
4 01010 0A
/ 10111 17
1. Baudot Code
• A five-bit code has the advantage of faster
data transfer for a given bit rate, compared to
codes with more bits per character.
2. ASCII Code
2. ASCII
ASCII (pronounced as-key) is the most common
code for communication between
microcomputers.
ASCII stands for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange.
2. ASCII
ASCII is a seven-bit code, so it has 128 possible
combinations without shifting.
As in Baudot, bit 1 (LSB) is sent first.
2. ASCII
2. ASCII
2. ASCII
2. ASCII
2. ASCII
Switching from lowercase to uppercase is
accomplished by changing bit 6, and numbers are
represented by their binary coded decimal (BCD)
values in bits 4 through 1.
2. ASCII
BEL: ring the bell (or beep the speaker)
BS: backspace
LF: line feed (advance to the next line)
ESC: escape
FF: form feed (advance to the next page)
2. ASCII
CR: carriage return (move to the beginning of the
line)
DEL: delete
2. ASCII
Example:
Write the ASCII codes for the characters B and b.
2. ASCII
Solution:
Find B in the table and proceed upward to find
that bits 7, 6, and 5 are 1, 0, and 0, in that order.
Then move from B to the left to find bits 4, 3, 2,
1. They are 0010.
2. ASCII
2. ASCII
Solution:
Therefore the ASCII code for B is 1000010, with
the most significant bit first. It would actually be
transmitted with the least significant bit first.
2. ASCII
Solution:
The code for b can be found in the same way, as
1100010. Note that the only difference between
the codes for B and b is the value of bit 6.
2. ASCII
2. ASCII
Example
• Determine the hex codes for the following
ASCII codes: C, J, 4, and /.
2. ASCII
Answer (Based from the Table)
Binary Hex code Binary Hex code
(Baudot (Baudot (ASCII Code) (ASCII Code)
Code) Code)
C 01110 0E 1000011 43
J 11010 1A 1001010 4A
4 01010 0A 0110100 34
/ 10111 17 0101111 2F
3. EBCDIC Code
3. EBCDIC Code
The extended binary-coded decimal interchange
code (EBCDIC) is an eight-bit fixed length
character set developed in 1962 by the
International Business Machines Corporation
(IBM).
3. EBCDIC Code
•
3. EBCDIC Code
Unspecified codes can be assigned to specialized
characters and functions.
3. EBCDIC Code
3. EBCDIC Code
3. EBCDIC Code
3. EBCDIC Code
3. EBCDIC Code
3. EBCDIC Code
The name binary coded decimal was selected
because the second hex character for all letter
and digit codes contains only the hex values from
0 to 9, which have the same binary sequence as
BCD codes.
3. EBCDIC Code
Example
• Determine the hex codes for the following
EBCDIC codes: C, J, 4, and /.
3. EBCDIC Code
Answer (Based from the Table)
Binary Hex Binary Hex Binary Hex code
(Baudot code (ASCII code (EBCDIC Code) (EBCDIC
Code) (Baudot Code) (ASCII Code)
Code) Code)
C 01110 0E 1000011 43 11000011 C3
J 11010 1A 1001010 4A 11010001 D1
4 01010 0A 0110100 34 11110100 F4
/ 10111 17 0101111 2F 01100001 61
Data Coding
1. Baudot Code
2. ASCII Code
3. EBCDIC Code
Question
Question
Why can the Baudot code operate with five bits
while ASCII needs seven?
End-of-Slide
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