DATA COMMUNICATION
Bar Codes
Instructor:
Engr. Rose Anne L. Reano
PUP Sto. Tomas
Bar Codes
A bar code is a series of vertical black bars
separated by vertical white bars (called spaces).
Bar Codes
The widths of the bars and spaces along with
their reflective abilities represent binary 1s and
0s, and combination of bits identify specific
items.
Classification of Bar Codes
1. Discrete Code. It has spaces or gaps between
characters.
2. Continuous Code. It does not include spaces
between characters.
3. 2D Code. It stores data in two-dimensions.
Bar Codes
1. Code 39
2. Universal Product Code
Code 39
Code 39
Code 39 is a bar code developed in 1974.
It is also called Code 3 of 9 and 3 of 9 Code.
Code 39
Code 39 consists of 36 unique codes representing
the 10 digits and 26 uppercase letters.
There are 7 additional codes used for special
characters, and an exclusive start/stop character
coded as an asterisk (*).
Code 39
Each Code 39 character contains 9 vertical
elements (five bars and four spaces).
Code 39
The logic condition (1 or 0) of each element is
encoded in the width of the bar or space.
Code 39
A wide element, whether it be a bar or a space,
represents a logic 1, and a narrow element
represents a logic 0.
Code 39
Three of the nine elements in each Code 39
character must be logic 1s, and the rest must be
logic 0s.
Code 39
In addition, of the three logic 1s, two must be
bars and one a space.
Code 39
Each character begins and ends with a black bar
with alternating white bars in between.
Code 39
Since Code 39 is discrete code, all characters are
separated with an intercharacter gap, which is
usually one character wide.
Code 39
The asterisks at the beginning and end of the bar
code are stop and start characters, respectively.
Code 39
CHARACTER BINARY CODE
b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
5 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
6 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
8 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
9 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Code 39
BINARY CODE BINARY CODE
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
A 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 K 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
B 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 L 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
C 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 M 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
D 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 N 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
E 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 O 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
F 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 P 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
G 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
H 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 R 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
I 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 S 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
J 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 T 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Code 39
BINARY CODE BINARY CODE
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
U 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 $ 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
V 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 / 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
W 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
X 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 % 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Y 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Z 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
- 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
. 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
space 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
* 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Code 39
Universal Product
Code
UPC
The National Association of Food Chains officially
adopted the Universal Product Code (UPC) in
1974.
UPC
UPC code is a continuous code since there are no
intercharacter spaces.
UPC
Each UPC label contains 12-digit number.
UPC
The two long bars on the outermost left- and
right-hand sides of the label are called the start
guard pattern and the stop guard pattern,
respectively.
UPC
The start and stop guard patterns consist of a 101
(bar-space-bar) sequence, which is used to frame
the 12-digit UPC number.
UPC
The left and right halves of the label are
separated by a center guard pattern (01010).
UPC
The first six digits of the UPC code are encoded
on the left half of the label (left-hand
characters), and the last six digits of the UPC
code are encoded on the right half (right-hand
characters).
UPC
In UPC Character Set,
there are two binary
codes for each character.
UPC
When a character appears
in one of the first six digits
of the code, it uses
left-hand code.
When the character
appears in one of the last
six digits, it uses a
right-hand code.
UPC
Note that the right-hand
code is simply the
complement of the
left-hand code.
UPC
The first left-hand digit in the UPC Code is called
the UPC number system character, as it identifies
how the UPC symbol is used.
UPC
10 UPC Number System Characters
UPC
The other five left-hand characters are data
characters.
UPC
The first five right-hand characters are data
characters, and the sixth right-hand character is a
check character, which is used for error
detection.
UPC
The decimal value of the number system
character is always printed to the left of the UPC
label, and on most UPC labels the decimal value
of the check character is printed on the right side
of the UPC label.
UPC
A single bar (one bit position) represents a logic
1, and a single space represents a logic 0.
Summary
Bar Codes
1. Code 39
2. Universal Product Code
Bar Codes
Determine the left- and right- hand UPC label
format for the digit 4.
End-of-Slide
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