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Lab Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics

Veselina Tomova

University of Indianapolis

GPSY 506 Applied Statistical Analyses

Dr. Hui Zhang

February 16, 2026

Part I: Categorical Variables

Participants

Data from 271 adults (121 males and 150 females) were gathered. The majority of

participants reported completing at least an undergraduate level of education, with nearly half of

the participants completing postgraduate education. Table 1 shows the frequencies and

percentages of participants by gender and highest level of education completed. Figures 1 and 2

show the distributions of gender and highest level of education completed.

Table 1
Demographics of a Sample of 271

Characteristics n %

Gender

Male 121 44.65%

Female 150 55.35%

Highest level of education

Primary 3 1.12%

Secondary 33 12.27%

Completed high school 30 11.15%

Completed undergraduate 71 26.39%

Completed postgraduate 132 49.07%

Figure 1

Count
Gender Distribution of the Participants

150

100

50

0
F M
Gender

Figure 2

Highest Level of Education of the Participants

Education
Primary
Secondary
3 Completed high school
33
1.12% Completed undergraduate
12.27%
Completed postgraduate

30
11.15%

132
49.07%

71
26.39%
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Part II: Continuous Variables

Descriptive Statistics of Continuous Variables

Table 2 presents the means, standard deviations, skewness, kurtosis, minimum, and

maximum values for Stress and Sleep Satisfaction. The average rating of stress over the last

month was 5.70 (SD = 2.45) on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 10 (extremely). The Stress

distribution was normal, as indicated by a skewness value within the range of -1 to 1, and a

kurtosis value just shy of -1. Moreover, the average sleep satisfaction score was 5.55 (SD =

2.51), with the numbers ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied). Sleep

Satisfaction was also normally distributed, as indicated by a skewness value within the range of -

1 to 1 and a kurtosis value that was slightly more negative than -1.

Table 2

Means, Standard Deviations, Skewness, Kurtosis, Minimum, and Maximum of Stress and Sleep

Satisfaction

Variable M SD Skewness Kurtosis Min. Max.

Stress 5.70 2.45 -0.33 -1.03 1.00 10.00

Sleep Satisfaction 5.55 2.51 -0.03 -1.11 1.00 10.00

Figure 3
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Frequency
Histogram of Rating of Stress Over Last Month

60 Mean = 5.70
Std. Dev. = 2.446
N = 271

50

40

30

20

10

0
.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Stress

Figure 4

Distribution of Satisfaction with Amount of Sleep

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

.00

Satsleep
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Figure 3 shows the distribution of Stress. Consistent with the Skewness and Kurtosis

scores, the graph indicates that the data were generally normally distributed. Specifically, it was

very slightly negatively skewed, with most scores close to the mean. Additionally, it was a bit

flatter (i.e., negative kurtosis) than a normal distribution.

Figure 4 illustrates the distribution of Sleep Satisfaction. The graph shows that the

median score was approximately 5.00, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.00 to

10.00. No outliers were present among the participants.