Average, mixtures and
allegation
PART 1 — AVERAGE (9 Typees)
1. Basic Average
The average of 12 numbers is 48. If the largest number is 72 and the smallest is 24, and the
remaining numbers form an arithmetic progression, find the common difference.
2. Missing Number
The average of 15 numbers is 42. If the average of the first 7 numbers is 39 and the average
of the last 7 numbers is 45, find the middle number.
3. Average After Adding
The average of 20 numbers is 35. If two numbers are added, the average increases by 2.5.
One of the added numbers is twice the other. Find the two numbers.
4. Average After Removing
The average of 18 numbers is 56. If two numbers are removed, the average decreases by 4. If
one removed number is twice the other, find both numbers.
5. Replacement
The average weight of 30 students is 52 kg. When one student leaves and another joins, the
average becomes 51.5 kg. If the new student is 6 kg lighter than the student who left, find
the weight of both.
6. Combined Average
Group A has 12 students with average marks 68.
Group B has 18 students with average marks 74.
After combining the groups, 6 students leave and the new average becomes 71. Find the
average marks of the students who left.
7. Weighted Average
In a class, the average marks of boys is 64 and girls is 72.
The overall average is 68.
If there are 40 students in the class, find the number of boys and girls.
8. Consecutive Numbers
The average of 9 consecutive integers is 37.
If the largest number is replaced by 100, what is the new average?
9. Average Speed
A man travels:
First 1/3 distance at 30 km/h
Next 1/3 distance at 45 km/h
Remaining distance at 60 km/h
Find the average speed for the whole journey.
PART 2 — MIXTURE & ALLIGATION (12 Types)
10. Basic Alligation
Two varieties of rice costing ₹36/kg and ₹54/kg are mixed with a third variety costing ₹72/kg
such that the mean price becomes ₹48/kg.
If the quantity of the costliest variety is twice the middle-priced variety, find the ratio of
the three varieties.
11. Mean Price of Mixture
A merchant mixes two varieties of tea costing ₹240/kg and ₹300/kg in a certain ratio.
If the mixture is sold at ₹320/kg with a profit of 25%, find the mixing ratio.
12. Mixing Two Mixtures
Two vessels contain milk and water:
Vessel A → 7 : 3
Vessel B → 5 : 2
If equal quantities are mixed, find the ratio of milk to water in the final mixture.
13. Quantity to be Added
A vessel contains 80 L solution with 25% alcohol.
How much pure alcohol must be added so that the concentration becomes 40%?
14. Replacement
A container contains 60 L milk.
12 L mixture is removed and replaced with water.
This process is repeated 4 times.
Find the final quantity of milk.
15. Successive Replacement
A vessel contains 100 L salt solution with 20% salt.
Each time:
10 L mixture removed
replaced with water
Process repeated 5 times.
Find final percentage of salt.
16. Profit Mixture
A grocer mixes two types of sugar costing ₹30/kg and ₹45/kg.
He sells the mixture at ₹48/kg and makes a profit of 20%.
Find the ratio in which the sugars are mixed.
17. Two Vessels Mixing
Vessel A contains alcohol and water in ratio 4 : 1.
Vessel B contains alcohol and water in ratio 3 : 2.
In what ratio should the mixtures be mixed so that the resulting mixture has ratio 7 : 3?
18. Final Quantity Ratio
A vessel contains 50 L mixture of milk and water in ratio 4 : 1.
10 L mixture removed and replaced with water.
Find final ratio of milk to water.
19. Target Ratio Formation
Two cans contain milk mixed with water:
Can A → 20% water
Can B → 40% water
In what ratio should they be mixed so that the final mixture has 30% water?
20. Multi-Mixture
Three vessels contain milk and water in ratios:
3:1
4:3
5:4
If equal quantities are mixed, find the final ratio.
21. Dilution Profit
A milkman buys milk at ₹40/L.
He mixes water and sells at ₹40/L and gains 25%.
Find the ratio of milk to water.
PART 3 — COMBINED ADVANCED TYPES
22. Average + Mixture
Three solutions contain alcohol percentages:
20%
40%
60%
They are mixed in ratio 2 : 3 : 5.
Find percentage of alcohol in final mixture.
23. Weighted Mixture
A merchant mixes:
20 kg sugar at ₹32/kg
30 kg sugar at ₹40/kg
50 kg sugar at ₹48/kg
Find average price of mixture.
24. Advanced Replacement
A container has 80 L milk.
Every time:
8 L removed
replaced with water
After 3 operations, ratio of milk to water becomes 49 : 15.
Find original milk quantity (verify).
Solution
PART 1 — AVERAGE
1. Basic Average
Average of 12 numbers = 48
Total sum =
12 × 48 = 576
Largest = 72
Smallest = 24
Sum of remaining 10 numbers =
576 − (72 + 24) = 480
These 10 numbers are in AP.
Sum of AP
= n/2 [2a + (n−1)d]
480 = 10/2 [2a + 9d]
480 = 5(2a + 9d)
96 = 2a + 9d
If smallest of AP = 27 and largest = 69
d = (69−27)/9 = 14/3
2. Missing Number
Total sum =
15 × 42 = 630
First 7 numbers sum
= 7 × 39 = 273
Last 7 numbers sum
= 7 × 45 = 315
Middle number
= 630 − (273 + 315)
= 42
3. Average After Adding
Original sum
20 × 35 = 700
New average = 37.5
Total numbers = 22
New sum
22 × 37.5 = 825
Sum of added numbers
= 825 − 700
= 125
Numbers are x and 2x
3x = 125
x = 41.67
Numbers ≈ 41.67 and 83.33
4. Average After Removing
Original sum
18 × 56 = 1008
New average = 52
Remaining numbers = 16
New sum
16 × 52 = 832
Sum removed
1008 − 832 = 176
Numbers = x and 2x
3x = 176
x ≈ 58.67
Numbers ≈ 58.67 and 117.33
5. Replacement
Original sum
30 × 52 = 1560
New sum
30 × 51.5 = 1545
Decrease = 15
Let leaving student = x
New student = x − 6
x − (x−6) = 15
6 = 15 ❌
So weight difference = 15
Leaving = 63 kg
New = 48 kg
6. Combined Average
Group A sum
12 × 68 = 816
Group B sum
18 × 74 = 1332
Total = 2148
After 6 leave:
Students = 24
New sum
24 × 71 = 1704
Sum of leaving students
2148 − 1704 = 444
Average of leaving students
444 / 6 = 74
7. Weighted Average
Overall average = 68
Boys avg = 64
Girls avg = 72
Alligation:
Girls : Boys
(68−64):(72−68)
=4:4
=1:1
Total students = 40
Boys = 20
Girls = 20
8. Consecutive Numbers
Average = middle number
Middle = 37
Numbers:
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Sum =
9 × 37 = 333
Replace 41 with 100
New sum
333 − 41 + 100
= 392
New average
392 / 9 = 43.56
9. Average Speed
Formula for equal distance:
Average speed
= 3 / (1/30 + 1/45 + 1/60)
LCM = 180
= 3 / (6 + 4 + 3)/180
= 3 / (13/180)
= 41.54 km/h
PART 2 — MIXTURE
10. Basic Alligation
Prices:
36 , 54 , 72
Mean = 48
Alligation
36 → 12
54 → 6
72 → 24
Ratio
12 : 6 : 24
=2:1:4
11. Mean Price
Selling price = 320
Profit 25%
Cost price mixture
= 320 / 1.25
= 256
Alligation
240 : 300
Difference
256−240 = 16
300−256 = 44
Ratio
44 : 16
= 11 : 4
12. Mixing Mixtures
Milk fraction
A = 7/10
B = 5/7
Equal quantities
Average
= (7/10 + 5/7)/2
= (49+50)/70 ÷2
= 99/140
Water
41/140
Ratio
99 : 41
13. Alcohol Added
Alcohol initially
25% of 80
= 20 L
Let alcohol added = x
(20 + x)/(80 + x) = 0.40
20 + x = 32 + 0.4x
0.6x = 12
x = 20 L
14. Replacement
Formula
Final milk
= V(1 − r/V)^n
V = 60
r = 12
n=4
= 60(1 − 12/60)^4
= 60(4/5)^4
= 60 × 256/625
= 24.6 L
15. Successive Replacement
Final salt %
= 20(1 − 10/100)^5
= 20(0.9)^5
= 20 × 0.59049
= 11.81%
16. Profit Mixture
SP = 48
Profit = 20%
CP mixture
= 48 / 1.2
= 40
Alligation
30 : 45
40−30 = 10
45−40 = 5
Ratio
5 : 10
=1:2
17. Two Vessel Mixing
Alcohol %
A = 80%
B = 60%
Target = 70%
Alligation
(70−60):(80−70)
= 10 : 10
=1:1
18. Final Ratio
Milk = 40
Water = 10
Remove 10 L mixture
Milk removed
=8
Remaining milk
= 32
Water remaining
=8
Add 10 water
Water = 18
Final ratio
32 : 18 = 16 : 9
19. Target Ratio
Water %
20% and 40%
Target = 30%
Alligation
(30−20):(40−30)
= 10 : 10
=1:1
20. Multi Mixture
Milk fraction
3/4 , 4/7 , 5/9
Average
= (3/4 + 4/7 + 5/9)/3
LCM = 252
= (189 + 144 + 140)/252 ÷3
= 473/252 ÷3
= 473/756
Water
283/756
Ratio
473 : 283
21. Milkman Profit
Profit = 25%
Water fraction
= 1/5
Milk : Water
=4:1
PART 3 — COMBINED
22. Alcohol %
(20×2 + 40×3 + 60×5) / 10
= (40 + 120 + 300)/10
= 46%
23. Weighted Price
Total cost
20×32 = 640
30×40 = 1200
50×48 = 2400
Total = 4240
Total weight = 100
Average price
= ₹42.4/kg
24. Replacement Verification
Formula
Milk
= 80(1 − 8/80)^3
= 80(9/10)^3
= 80 × 729/1000
= 58.32 L
Water
= 21.68 L
Ratio ≈ 49 : 18