DATA

ENGINEERING
TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW
PART - 1
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1. Data Pipeline

INJESTION COMPUTATION

COLLLETION PREPARATION PRESENTATION

A data pipeline is a series of interconnected processes

that automate the flow of data from various sources,
through transformation steps, and into a destination
system, such as a data warehouse, data lake, or analytics
platform. Pipelines ensure that data is collected,
processed, and made available for analysis with minimal
manual intervention.
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2. ETL
(Extract, Transform, Load)

Extract Data Transform Load in

database

ETL is a data integration process involving three key stages:

Extract: Gathering data from diverse sources,

such as databases, APIs, or files.

Transform: Cleaning, validating, and converting

the data into the desired format or structure.

Load: Moving the transformed data into a

destination system like a data warehouse or
database for further analysis.
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3. Data Lake

A data lake is a large, centralized repository

that stores vast amounts of unstructured, semi-
structured, and structured data at scale. Unlike
traditional databases, data lakes hold raw data
in its native form, enabling storage flexibility and
easier access for machine learning, analytics,
and future processing.
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4. Data Warehouse

A data warehouse is a centralized system designed

for storing structured data from different sources,
optimized for querying and analysis. Data warehouses
typically follow a schema-on-write approach, where
data is pre-processed and structured for high-
performance analytics, commonly used in business
intelligence (BI).
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5. Data Governance

Data governance refers to the processes, policies, and

standards implemented to ensure that data is
accurate, accessible, secure, and used responsibly
across an organization. Effective governance includes
data quality management, compliance with
regulations, and ensuring the proper handling of
sensitive data.
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6. Data Quality

Data quality refers to the condition of data, focusing on

factors such as accuracy, completeness, consistency,
timeliness, and reliability. High-quality data is essential
for ensuring accurate analysis, business intelligence,
and decision-making.
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7. Data Cleansing

Data cleansing is the process of identifying and

correcting or removing erroneous, incomplete, or
inconsistent data from datasets. It helps improve the
quality and reliability of data before it is used for
analysis or decision-making.
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8. Data Modeling

Data modeling involves creating a conceptual

representation of data and its relationships. It helps in
organizing data into structured formats (e.g., tables,
entities, and attributes) that align with business
needs, making it easier to store, query, and analyze
data effectively.
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9. Data Integration

Data integration is the process of combining data

from different sources, both internal and external, into
a unified view. It ensures that all data is accessible
and can be analyzed holistically, improving decision-
making and insights across the organization.
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10. Data Orchestration

Data orchestration is the automated management and

coordination of data workflows across multiple systems.
It ensures that data flows smoothly between different
stages of a pipeline, including extraction, transformation,
and loading, and handles scheduling, dependencies, and
error management.
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11. Data Transformation

Data transformation refers to modifying data into a

desired format or structure for analysis, reporting, or
integration with other systems. This can include
actions such as aggregating data, filtering, sorting,
and converting data types.
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12. Real-time Data

Processing

Real-time data processing involves collecting and

analyzing data instantly as it is generated, often used
for systems such as IoT, social media, or financial
trading platforms. It enables quick decision-making
and actions based on live data.
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13. Batch Processing

Batch processing refers to processing large

volumes of data in chunks, typically at scheduled
intervals. This approach is often used when real-
time processing isn't required, and it allows for
efficient handling of massive datasets, such as
overnight data processing.
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14. Cloud Data Platform

A cloud data platform is a data storage and analytics

solution hosted on cloud services like AWS, Azure, or
Google Cloud. These platforms offer scalability,
flexibility, and reduced infrastructure management
overhead, enabling organizations to store, process,
and analyze data from anywhere in the world.
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15. Data Sharding

Data sharding is the practice of partitioning a large

database into smaller, more manageable pieces called
"shards," which can be stored on different servers.
Sharding improves performance by distributing the
load across multiple systems, allowing for more
efficient querying and scaling.
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16. Data Partitioning

Data partitioning involves dividing large datasets into

smaller, logically separated sections, or partitions. This
can enhance performance and manageability by
allowing data to be processed and queried in parallel,
improving scalability and reducing latency.
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17. Data Source

A data source refers to any origin from which

data is collected. This can include databases,
applications, websites, APIs, or external data
providers, each of which contributes raw data
for processing and analysis.
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18. Data Schema

A data schema is a blueprint that defines the

structure of a database or data model. It includes
specifications such as tables, columns, relationships,
constraints, and data types. A schema ensures that
data is organized in a logical and efficient manner for
querying and storage.
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19. Data Warehouse

Automation (DWA)

Data Warehouse Automation (DWA) refers to tools

and technologies that streamline the creation,
management, and maintenance of data
warehouses. Automation reduces the need for
manual intervention and increases the speed and
consistency of data management processes.
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20. Metadata

Metadata is "data about data." It provides context

and additional information about the structure,
source, quality, and relationships of data. Examples
include data types, table descriptions, and field
names, which help data engineers and analysts
understand how to use and interpret the data.
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@theravitshow