Genius learning classes Class 10th Objective Compiled by :- Praveen Tilwankar

CH – 1
Every composite number can be expressed (factorised) as a product of primes, The Fundamental Theorem of
and this factorisation is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors Arithmetic :
occur.
If a = x3y2 and b=xy3 then HCF and LCM will be LCM = x3y3 and HCF = xy2
For some integer m, every even integer is of the form 2m
For some integer q, every odd integer is of the form 2q+1
The product of a non-zero rational no and an irrational number is Always rational
A series of well defined steps which gives a procedure for solving a type of
Algorithm
problem called
When p is a prime number then √ is called Irrational
When p is a positive integer then √ is called Imaginary number
Ch-2
The algebraic expression in which the power of the variables are positive
Polynomial
integers
Zeros of x2 – 2x are 0 and 2
A polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial. For example, 2x – 3,
A polynomial of degree 2 is called a quadratic polynomial.
A polynomial of degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial
Ex. 2.1 all question
Sum of its zeroes α + β =
Product of the roots αxβ =
Find sum of the roots of 5x2 – 2x -2 = 0 2/5
Find Product of the roots of 4x2 + 12x -9 = 0 -9/4
If α , β, γ are the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, then

Sum of the zeros α + β + γ

Sum and product of the zeros α β + β γ + α γ

Product of the roots αxβxγ

X2 + 2x + 1 is example of polynomial √ + 2 is not a polynomial

X2 + √ x + 7 is polynomial X2 + + 5 not a polynomial
A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2 zeroes and a cubic polynomial can have at most 3 zeroes.
Ch-3
In liner equation a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y +c2 = 0 the condition for infinite
= =
solution will be Or Both lines are coincident.
In liner equation a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y +c2 = 0 the condition for no
= ≠
solution will be Or Both lines are parallel.
In liner equation a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y +c2 = 0 the condition for unique
≠
solution will be Or Both lines are intersecting at one point
The graph of liner equation ax + by + c is Straight line
Graph of liner equation of two variables represents ………. Straight line
In equation x + 2y = 5 if y = 0 then write the value of x 5
The coordinates of intersection point of lines x + y =7 and
(5,2)
x – y = 3 will be
A two digit number x is the digit at units place and y is the tense place then the
10y + x
number is
A two digit number y is digit at unit place and x is tense place then the number is 10x + y
Sum of two numbers is 25 and difference is 5 then the number will 15, 10
A boy present age is x-7 then find the age after 10 years will be x + 3 years
A boy present age is x+7 then find the age before 10 years will be X - 3 years
Ch-4
The roots of x2+x+1 = 0 will be (solve by D = b2 - 4ac) Imaginary
2 2
Find discriminate of x + 5x + 6 = 0 (solve by formula of discriminate D = b -
1
4ac)
√
Formula of sridharacharya

D>0 or > 0 thus equation has Real root

D<0 or < 0 thus equation has Imaginary root
D=0 or = 0 thus equation has (if the discriminate of the quadratic
Real and equal root
equation is zero then its roots will be)
the standard form of a quadratic equation. ax2 + bx + c = 0
Ex. : - 4.1
A equation has maximum power 1 is called a linear equation. For example, 2x – 3,
A equation has maximum power 2 is called a quadratic equation.
A equation has maximum power 3 is called a cubic equation
Ch-5
An arithmetic progression (AP) is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained
by adding a fixed number d to the preceding term, except the first term. The fixed
Definition of AP
number d is called the common difference. The general form of an AP is a, a + d,
a + 2d, a + 3d, . . .
In an AP with first term a and common difference d, the nth term (or the general
an = a + (n – 1) d.
term) is given by
The sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by : S= [2a – (n - 1) d]
If l is the last term of the finite AP, say the nth term, then the sum of all terms of
S= (a + l)
the AP is given by
If a, b, c are in AP, then b = and b is called the arithmetic mean of a and c.
Arithmetic mean of 5 and 7 is (using above formula) 6
Ex. :- 5.1 and Ex.:- 5.2 (Q. 2 and Q. 3)
Ch-6
………….. triangles are similar Equilateral
All the squares are ………….. Similar
All circles are ………… Similar
Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (a) their corresponding angles are ..................... and (b)
their corresponding sides are................. (equal, proportional)
If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides Angle-Angle-Angle
are in the same ratio and hence the two triangles are similar similarity
If in two triangles, corresponding sides are in the same ratio, then their
Side-Side-Side similarity
corresponding angles are equal and hence the triangles are similar
If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides
including these angles are in the same ratio (proportional), then the triangles are Side-Angle-Side similarity
similar
All congruent figures are similar but it is not necessary that similar figures are congruent
If the side of two triangles are proportional, then triangles will be …….. Similar
The ratio of area of two similar triangle is 9:16 then the ratio of there
3:4
corresponding side will be
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle then it divides the other two Basic proportionality
sides in the same ratio. theorem Or Thales theorem
Opposite statement of
If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be
Basic proportionality
parallel to the third side.
theorem
Ch- 7
Points on origin (0, 0)
Distance from the origin √
Distance between two points √
X= y= Section formula
Formula of mid points X = y=
Find the mid point of (2, 5) and (8, 7) (5, 6)
First quadrants has points (+, +) Second quadrants has points (-, +)
Third quadrants has points (-, -) Fourth quadrants has points (+, -)
(5, -6) in which quadrants Fourth Quadrant
If diameter point are (-3,4) and (3,-4) then points on Centroid (0, 0)
The distance of a point from y – axis is called x-coordinates or Abscissa
The distance of a point from x – axis is called y-coordinates or Ordinate
Ch- 8
Sin2 + Cos2 =1 Sin2 = 1- Cos2 Sin = √ 
Cos2 = 1- Sin2 Cos = √ 
sec2 - tan2 = 1 sec2 = 1 + tan2 sec = √ 
tan2 = sec2 - 1 tan = √ 
Cosec2 - Cot2=1 Cosec2 = 1+Cot2 Cosec = √ 
Cot2 = Cosec2 - 1 Cot = √ 
Sin = Sin x Cosec = 1 Cosec =
 
Cos = Cos x Sec =1 Sec =
 
tan = tan x cot = 1 Cot =
 
 
= cosec 


Sin2300 + Cos2300 = 1 Cos2 Sec = Cos

√ 
= cot tan 490 = cot 410

All the values of trigonometric ratio (00 to 900)

Ch – 9
The shadow of a tree is 153 m. If the height of the tree is 15m then the sum’s angle of
300
elevation
The angle of elevation of the sum when the length of the shadow of a tower is equal to its 450
height.
Find the angle of elevation of the sun when the length of the shadow of a person is equal
300
to 3 time of his height.
From a point 30m away from the foot of the building the angle of elevation of the top of
30m
the building is 450. The height of the building will be
A line joining the object under consideration with eye is known as ……… sight line
The angle of elevation of an object viewed, is the angle formed by the line of sight
with the horizontal when it is above the horizontal level, i.e., the case when we raise Angle of elevation
our head to look at the object.
The angle of depression of an object viewed, is the angle formed by the line of sight
with the horizontal when it is below the horizontal level, i.e., the case when we lower Angle of depression
our head to look at the object.
Ch – 10
How many tangents can a circle have? Many or infinitely
A tangent to a circle intersects it in point one
A line intersecting a circle in two points is called a . Secant
A circle can have parallel tangents at the most. Two
The common point of a tangent to a circle and the circle is called . Point of contact
A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the centre O at a
√
point Q so that OQ = 12 cm. Length PQ is :
Draw a circle and two lines parallel to a given line such that one is a tangent and the
other, a secant to the circle.
Ex.:- 10.2 Q. 1, 2, 3
Ch – 11
If the perimeter and the area of a circle are numerically equal, then the radius of
2 units
the circle is
Area of a sector of angle p (in degrees) of a circle with radius R is x 2π R2
Area of segment of a circle = Area of the corresponding sector – Area of the corresponding triangle
Length of arc x2πr
Area of a sector x π r2
Longest chord of the circle is called Diameter
A portion of a circular field covered by two radii and corresponding arc is called Sector
The portion of the circular field which is covered by a chord and corresponding arc
Segment of the circle
is called
 Ch – 12
2 2 2
Slant height of cone is l = h + r Or l=√
Volume of cuboid lxbx h
Surface area of cube 2(lb + bh + hl)
Volume of cube a3
Surface area of cube 6a2
The length of diagonal of cube √
The length of the diagonal of a cube 123 cm. The length of the edge of the cube 12cm
will
Length of core of cube is 2a then the length of diagonal is 2a3
The length of edge of a cube is 2cm its volume will be 8cm3
Ratio between the volumes of cylinder and cone which have same radius and 3:1
height
Total number of faces in a cuboids is 6
The solid bounded by two concentric sphere is called Spherical shell

Formula angle formed at the centre of a circle is angle = Or Arc = angle x radius
 volume of cylinder = r2h
Are of arc = x 2r ,
whole surface of a cylinder = 2r(r + h)

Are of sector = x r2, volume of hollow cylinder = h (r12 - r22),
curved surface of cylinder = 2rh, surface area of hollow cylinder = 2h (r1 - r2)
curved surface of a cone = rl, surface are of a sphere = 4r2,
whole surface of a cone = r(r + l), surface are of a hemisphere = 2r2,
volume of cone = r2h, volume of sphere = r3
volume of hemisphere = r3
Ch-13
The middle most value of data if ungrouped data if ungrouped data arranged in Median
order of increasing or decreasing order is called
The arithmetic mean is the number, which is obtained by dividing the sum of all values of the variable by total
number of values. Mean =
A mode is that value among the observations which occurs most often, that is, the value of Mode
the observation having the maximum frequency.
How many factors of 20 6
Arithmetic mean first five natural numbers 3
Find mode of following data 2, 3, 4, 2, 12, 9, 7, 8, 9, 6, 9, 5, 9 9
The wickets taken by a bowler in 10 cricket matches are as follows: 2,6, 4, 5, 0, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3 the mode of the data is 2

There is a empirical relationship between the three measures of central tendency :

3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean
Cumulative frequency curve is called Ogive
All formulas of mean, mode, median
The class of maximum frequency is called Model class
What the score dividing the entire frequency distribution in two equal part is called Median class
Class mark =
The cumulative frequency of a class is the frequency obtained by adding the frequencies Definition of The cumulative
of all the classes preceding the given class. frequency
Ch – 14
The probability of indefinite event is always 0
The probability of definite event is always 1
Ex. :- 15.1 Q. 1 and Q. 4
For any event E, P (E) + P ( E ) = 1, where E stands for ‘not E’. E and E are called complementary events.
The theoretical (classical) probability of an event E, written as P(E), is defined as
P (E) =
The chance of occurring of a certain event in quantitative terms is called Probability
An event having only one outcome is called an elementary event. The sum of the probabilities of all the
elementary events of an experiment is 1.
The event E , representing ‘not E’, is called the complement of the event E. We also say that E and E are complementary
events.